1.Sound must have a medium through which to travel. Through which medium – solid, liquid, or gas...
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Transcript of 1.Sound must have a medium through which to travel. Through which medium – solid, liquid, or gas...
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1.Sound must have a medium through which to travel. Through which medium – solid, liquid, or gas – does sound travel faster?
2.How are different musical notes made with a wind instrument, such as a clarinet?
3.On a string instrument, such as a guitar, how does one string make different musical notes?
Bellringer (Answer ONLY)
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Chapter 15
Sound & Light
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I. Section one – Sound
A. Sound waves – longitudinal (compression) waves that vibrate in the same direction they travel.
1. Sound waves:
i. Are caused by vibrations.
ii. Travel through a medium.
iii. Carry energy.
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B. The speed of sound depends on the _______.medium
1. Speed of sound in air: 346 m/s
2. The speed of sound depends on how often the molecules that make up the medium collide.
And…
3. The temperature of the medium.
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C. Loudness and Intensity
1. Loudness is proportional to the energy contained w/in the sound wave.
2. Intensity = amplitude + distance from sound source (volume).
3. Loudness – intensity of the sound.
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D. Loudness is measured in decibels, dB.
1. A 10 dB increase equals a sound that is 2x louder.
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2. Intensive exposure to sounds over 120 dB can cause permanent deafness.
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E. Pitch and Frequency.
1. Pitch = “highness” or “lowness” of a sound.
2. Higher frequency = higher pitch.
i. Higher frequency = faster vibrations being produced.
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F. Human hearing1. Humans can hear sounds in the range
of 20 Hz to 20,000 Hz.
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Questions:
1.What are the three parts that make up a human ear?
2.What part(s) make up the middle ear?
3.Sound can travel through ___, ___ & ___.
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How the human ear works
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Questions:
1. What are the three parts that make up a human ear?
A. Outer EarB. Middle EarC. Inner Ear
2. What part(s) make up the middle ear?The eardrum & three tiny bones
3. Sound can travel through gases, solids & liquids.
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G. Musical Instruments
1. Musical instruments can be grouped into three categories based on how they produce sound:
i. Vibration of strings.
ii. Vibration of air columns.
iii. Vibration of membranes.
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2. Resonance – Two objects naturallyvibrate at the same frequency.
i. Results in amplification of the sound.
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H. Ultrasound & Sonar
1. Sound can be used to make images.If you know:
i. The speed of sound in a specific medium.
ii. The time it takes for the sound to travel to an object and bounce off of it
iii. The distance to the object can be calculated.
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2. Ultrasounds and sonarFrequencies above 20 kHz.
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Class work assignment:
Section 1 review, Pg. 498, Questions 1 – 10 Write questions AND answersNumber 3 in your notebook