FACTORS AFFECTING FACTORS AFFECTING PERFORMANCEPERFORMANCE

Learning objective

• To demonstrate understanding of...

The demands of performance focusing on

• Fatigue/Stress – How and when fatigue and stress occur, and the

effects on skill level, including the following: • • Personality/emotions

• • Tension/anxiety

• • Aggression

• • Motivation/arousal

• • Boredom/tedium

• • Feedback/criticism.

Personality and motivation in sport

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WO4tIrjBDkk – any given Sunday

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4vPaw3ImXfY – David Beckham

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?NR=1&v=cnQEvhHDsuM – HAKA

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZZdAOyLKy90 – Ian Holloway

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qij-GltNyw0&feature=related – smithy sports personality

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hH_Yt0K3tZA – gazza crying

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6fYIUdVNFgU – Haka vs Wales

What type of personality do you have?

• Working in pairs list 5 things about each others personality.

Learning objective

• To demonstrate understanding of...

The demands of performance focusing on• the effects on skill level of:

• • Personality/emotions

• • Tension/anxiety

• • Aggression

• • Motivation/arousal

Personality and sports

• Why this personality would not match the sport in real life –

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B7F22Bks4Ns&feature=related – over arousal / extrovert in a introvert sport – happy gilmore

Personality Types...Personality Types...

EXTROVERTS • Like team sports• Activities involving the

whole body• Activities with a lot of

movement• Like activity and uncertainty

– Name 3 activities an extrovert would participate in.

Personality Types...Personality Types...INTROVERTS –• Like individual sports• Activities involving fine

physical skills• Activities with limited

movement• Routine & repetitive

sports– Name 3 activities an

introvert would participate in.

What personality do you have?

• Complete the personality test.

Team challenge – 10 of each!!

• Introverts • Extroverts

Video links

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?NR=1&v=Um0tEvQ5gVM – waterboy – direct aggression – Motivation / arousal

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VSulFZ7XJ1U&feature=related - waterboy best hits

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B7F22Bks4Ns&feature=related – over arousal / extrovert in a introvert sport – happy gilmore

Task

• Complete the EPI – What personality are

you?

• Complete the worksheet ‘fill in the gaps.’

What other factors affect our sports performance?

Homework

• Complete skill in sport worksheets

• Due date:

Factors

Personality

Motivation

Aggression

Anxiety

Arousal

Starter – without looking at your notes

•What are the two main types of personality?•What are the characteristics of an introvert?•What are the characteristics of an extrovert?•What sports would an introvert suit and why?•What sports would an extrovert suit and why?•Sports performers – name an elite introvert who plays an introvert sport and an extrovert who plays an extrovert sport>•As a manager, if you had an introvert within an extrovert sport e.g. Rugby, what would you need to consider in order to ensure they perform at their best??

The effect of stress / pressure on performance in sport....

Team challenge – keep hold of your pen – for each topic write as many NEW examples as you can on the following topics

Try and add 8 to your first poster, then 4, then 3, then 2, then 1

What effect does pressure have on performance in sport as...

1.An Individual2.With a partner / As a team3.In front of a crowd4.Against different quality of opponents

When the pressure becomes to much...

What effect does pressure / anxiety / over arousal have on performance in sport as...

1.An Individual – Usain Bolt - http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fzc28lvHEIE2.With a partner - http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ibj-Jmdrwsw3.As a team - http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Qgx5titY8L84.In front of a crowd - http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aXS7iL61T885.Against different quality of opponents - http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p_st29mlQwU&feature=related

MOTIVATIONMOTIVATION

• This is the force which drives us to want to do something.

• INTRINSIC (self)–

Comes from inside us. We play for fun, to be our best, to challenge ourselves, to win or just to enjoy ourselves.

• EXTRINSIC –

We play for other reasons like trophies, money, not to let the team down or to impress others.

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WO4tIrjBDkk – any given Sunday

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z2PloBdHeow&feature=related - motivation

Learning outcome

• Demonstrate understanding of...– How arousal levels effect sporting

performance– The 3 types of aggression – direct, indirect

and object

Arousal

• What is arousal?

• What is arousal in sport?

• What is optimal arousal?

AROUSAL

RETICULAR ACTIVATING SYSTEM

• RAS is a system within the brain which causes arousal

• extroverts have lower levels of intrinsic arousal than introverts

• hence extroverts seek situations of high arousal

• introverts seek low arousal situations

AROUSAL• a state of mental and physical

preparedness for action

• this is the level of inner drives

• which forces the sportsperson to strive to achieve

• it needs to be under control

• and at the right level depending on the task

• a faster heart rate

• faster breathing rate

• sweating

• ability to focus (concentrate)

• response to danger

Arousal and Motivation

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WO4tIrjBDkk – any given Sunday

• What effect does this have upon performance?

AROUSAL AND DRIVE THEORY

WITH INCREASED AROUSAL• the dominant habit / most usual

behaviour will be reproduced• a poorly-learned skill will give a

performance full of mistakes• a well-learned skill will give a

skilled performance

DRIVE THEORY

increasedarousal

expert novice

increasedperformance

w orseperformance

• the higher the arousal level• the higher the achievement /

performance level• the more likely that a well-

learned skill (a dominant response) will be produced

INVERTED U THEORY

INVERTED U THEORY THE POSITION OF OPTIMUM AROUSAL DEPENDS ON

type of activity / task complexity• gross skills (weight lifting) require

high arousal• fine skills (snooker) require low

arousal

skill level of the performer• the more skilful the performer • the higher the optimum arousal

could be

personality of the performer• the more extrovert the performer• the higher the arousal likely for

optimum performance

• there is an optimum arousal level

• if aroused more than this• performance will decline

Optimal arousal – high profile examples

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4vPaw3ImXfY – David Beckham

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cym3Whor0MY – Jonny Wilkinson wcf

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aV6LfdD97fY&feature=related – kelly holmes

• Now think of your own examples of optimal arousal

AROUSAL CURVESBEST PERFORMANCE• Sam’s performance has the

highest level

PSYCHING UP• Jon’s best performance

takes place at the highest arousal level

• he needs to psych himself up the most to achieve optimum performance

CONTROLLED AROUSAL• Ted’s best performance

takes place between a narrow range of arousal levels

• therefore arousal needs to be carefully controlled

CATASTROPHE THEORYCATASTROPHE THEORY• here performance increases as arousal

increases• but if arousal gets too high• a complete loss of performance occurs

• example : the golfer who tries too hard and completely misses the fairway from his drive at the 18th hole when in a winning position

• example : the gymnast who completely messes up her previously well-executed routine in a national final

• anxiety affects arousal

AROUSALAROUSAL

• Intensity of motivation.

• Over aroused – perform badly

• Optimally aroused – perform well

• Under aroused – perform badly

COPING WITH ANXIETYCOPING WITH ANXIETY

• POSITIVE THINKING

• MENTAL REHEARSAL

• RELAXATION TECHNIQUES

AGGRESSIONAGGRESSION

This is a factor that varies depending on the sport we do. There are several aspects to aggression in sport.

NO AGGRESSION INDIRECT AGGRESSION DIRECT AGGRESSIONNO AGGRESSION INDIRECT AGGRESSION DIRECT AGGRESSIONNO AGGRESSION INDIRECT AGGRESSION DIRECT AGGRESSION

Aggression

• Direct Aggression– To be successful in some sports you have to be very

aggressive. E.G boxing, rugby. – Strict rules are in place that must be followed by

competitors.• Indirect Aggression

– Aggression is still aimed at opponents, however an object is used instead as it is this that scores. E.G. volleyball, tennis.

• Object Aggression– This applies to sports where the object receives the

aggression not the opponent. E.G. golf

Aggression through examples – mix and match

1. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oNn3KU3omXk

2. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yXL-gtksKY8

3. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TNzUDygsBE4

4. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x_i6szEMhqk

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?NR=1&v=Um0tEvQ5gVM – waterboy – direct aggression – Motivation / arousal

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VSulFZ7XJ1U&feature=related - waterboy best hits

Answers

1. Direct

2. Indirect

3. Object, direct, direct, direct

4. Direct

GOAL SETTINGGOAL SETTING

Goals are our ambitions we set them to motivate us. There are 4 types.

• SHORT TERM GOALS

• LONG TERM GOALS

TYPES OF GOALSTYPES OF GOALS

The other 2 types of goal are;

• OUTCOME GOALS

• PERFORMANCE GOALS

HOW DO WE SET GOALS?HOW DO WE SET GOALS?The NCF (National Coaching

Foundation) has a way to write down performance goals.

• Specific • Measurable

• Accepted

• Realistic

• Time Phased

• Exciting

• Recorded

TasksRevise for test next lesson.

1. Define tension and boredom. How can you prevent these affecting your performance?

2. Complete questions

on the worksheet what other factors affect our performance?

Feedback?

• What is feedback?

• Feedback helps your performance. Discuss why.

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r0qGeADPzAs

Feedback

• How does feedback effect you physically / develop your skills

• How does feedback effect you mentally?