1MRK506168-UEN a en Application Manual Line Distance Protection Terminal REL511 2.5

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Application manualLine distance protection terminal

REL 511*2.5


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© Copyright 2006 ABB. All rights reserved.

Application manualLine distance protection terminal

REL 511*2.5

About this manual

Document No: 1MRK 506 168-UENIssued: February 2006

Revision: A


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COPYRIGHT

WE RESERVE ALL RIGHTS TO THIS DOCUMENT, EVEN IN THE EVENT THAT A PATENT IS

ISSUED AND A DIFFERENT COMMERCIAL PROPRIETARY RIGHT IS REGISTERED. IMPROPER

USE, IN PARTICULAR REPRODUCTION AND DISSEMINATION TO THIRD PARTIES, IS NOT

PERMITTED.

THIS DOCUMENT HAS BEEN CAREFULLY CHECKED. HOWEVER, IN CASE ANY ERRORS ARE

DETECTED, THE READER IS KINDLY REQUESTED TO NOTIFY THE MANUFACTURER AT THE

ADDRESS BELOW.

THE DATA CONTAINED IN THIS MANUAL IS INTENDED SOLELY FOR THE CONCEPT OR

PRODUCT DESCRIPTION AND IS NOT TO BE DEEMED TO BE A STATEMENT OF GUARAN-

TEED PROPERTIES. IN THE INTERESTS OF OUR CUSTOMERS, WE CONSTANTLY SEEK TO

ENSURE THAT OUR PRODUCTS ARE DEVELOPED TO THE LATEST TECHNOLOGICAL STAN-

DARDS. AS A RESULT, IT IS POSSIBLE THAT THERE MAY BE SOME DIFFERENCES BETWEENTHE HW/SW PRODUCT AND THIS INFORMATION PRODUCT.

Manufacturer:

ABB Power Technologies ABSubstation Automation ProductsSE-721 59 VästeråsSwedenTelephone: +46 (0) 21 34 20 00Facsimile: +46 (0) 21 14 69 18www.abb.com/substationautomation


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Contents

PageChapter

Chapter 1 Introduction ..................................................................... 1

Introduction to the application manual ................................................. 2 About the complete set of manuals for a terminal .......................... 2 About the application manual ......................................................... 2Intended audience .......................................................................... 3

General...................................................................................... 3Requirements ............................................................................ 3

Related documents......................................................................... 3Revision notes ................................................................................ 3Glossary ......................................................................................... 3

Chapter 2 General ........................................................................... 11

Features............................................................................................. 12Functions ........................................................................................... 13 Application ......................................................................................... 17Design................................................................................................ 18Requirements .................................................................................... 19

General ......................................................................................... 19Voltage transformers .................................................................... 19Current transformers..................................................................... 19

Classification ........................................................................... 19Conditions................................................................................ 20Fault current ............................................................................ 21Cable resistance and additional load....................................... 21General current transformer requirements .............................. 21Distance protection ................................................................. 21Current transformer requirements for CTs according to otherstandards................................................................................. 22

Serial communication ........................................................................ 24SPA .............................................................................................. 24LON .............................................................................................. 24IEC 870-5-103 .............................................................................. 24

Terminal identification and base values............................................. 25 Application .................................................................................... 25Calculations .................................................................................. 25

Example 1................................................................................ 26Example 2................................................................................ 28

Chapter 3 Common functions ....................................................... 31

Real-time clock with external time synchronzation (TIME) ................ 32 Application .................................................................................... 32Functionality ................................................................................. 32


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Calculations .................................................................................. 32Four parameter setting groups (GRP) ............................................... 34

Application .................................................................................... 34Functionality.................................................................................. 34Design........................................................................................... 35

Setting restriction of HMI (SRH)......................................................... 36 Application .................................................................................... 36Functionality.................................................................................. 36

I/O system configurator (IOP) ............................................................ 38 Application .................................................................................... 38Functionality.................................................................................. 38

I/O position .............................................................................. 38Configuration ........................................................................... 39

Configurable logic blocks (CL1) ......................................................... 40 Application .................................................................................... 40

Application ............................................................................... 40

Functionality.................................................................................. 40Inverter (INV) ........................................................................... 40Controllable gate (GT) ............................................................. 41OR ........................................................................................... 41 AND ......................................................................................... 42Timer ....................................................................................... 43Timer settable through HMI/SMS/PST .................................... 46Pulse........................................................................................ 47Exclusive OR (XOR)................................................................ 48Set-Reset (SR) ........................................................................ 49Set-Reset with/without memory (SM) ...................................... 50MOVE ...................................................................................... 51

Calculations .................................................................................. 53Self supervision with internal event recorder (INT) ............................ 54 Application .................................................................................... 54Functionality.................................................................................. 54

Blocking of signals during test (BST) ................................................. 58Functionality.................................................................................. 58

Chapter 4 Line distance ................................................................. 59

Distance protection (ZM).................................................................... 60 Application .................................................................................... 60

General .................................................................................... 60Distance protection zones ....................................................... 60Complement to the line differential protection ......................... 61Set of simplified setting parameters......................................... 61Basic characteristics................................................................ 61

Functionality.................................................................................. 66Measuring principle ................................................................. 66Measured impedance .............................................................. 68Directional lines ....................................................................... 71

Design........................................................................................... 72Full-scheme measurement ...................................................... 72Distance protection zone one .................................................. 73


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Remaining distance protection zones...................................... 77Calculations .................................................................................. 77

Setting instructions .................................................................. 77

Reach setting recommendations ............................................. 77Conversion to secondary impedances .................................... 78Basic zone setting recommendations...................................... 78Earth return compensation ...................................................... 80Fault resistance ....................................................................... 82Zero-sequence mutual coupling on multicircuit lines............... 83Setting of the reach in resistive direction ................................ 89Setting of minimum operating current...................................... 91Setting of timers for the distance protection zones.................. 92Setting the directional lines...................................................... 92Simplified operating characteristic........................................... 93Set of simplified setting parameters ........................................ 93

Configuration ................................................................................ 93

Basic configuration .................................................................. 93ZMn--BLOCK functional input.................................................. 94ZMn--VTSZ functional input..................................................... 94ZMn--BLKTR functional input .................................................. 94ZMn--STCND functional input ................................................. 94ZMn--START functional output................................................ 95ZMn--TRIP functional output ................................................... 95ZMn--STND functional output.................................................. 95

Automatic switch onto fault logic (SOTF)........................................... 96 Application .................................................................................... 96Functionality ................................................................................. 96Calculations .................................................................................. 97

Setting instructions .................................................................. 97Local acceleration logic (ZCLC)......................................................... 98

Application .................................................................................... 98Functionality ................................................................................. 98

Zone extension ........................................................................ 98Loss-of-load acceleration ........................................................ 98

Calculations .................................................................................. 99Setting instructions .................................................................. 99

General fault criteria (GFC) ............................................................. 100 Application .................................................................................. 100

Phase preference logic.......................................................... 102Functionality ............................................................................... 102

Impedance measuring elements ........................................... 102Measuring elements for the ph-E faults ................................. 102Measuring elements for ph-ph and three-phase faults .......... 104Current-based GFC elements ............................................... 106

Design ........................................................................................ 106Phase preference logic.......................................................... 112

Calculations ................................................................................ 116Setting instructions ................................................................ 116General setting parameters ................................................... 116Setting parameters for the I> mode of operation ................... 117Setting parameters for the Z< mode of operation.................. 117Phase preference logic.......................................................... 119

Power swing detection (PSD) .......................................................... 121


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Instantaneous non-directional overcurrent protection (IOC) ............ 146 Application .................................................................................. 146Functionality ............................................................................... 147

Design ........................................................................................ 147Calculations ................................................................................ 150Setting instructions ................................................................ 150Meshed network without parallel line..................................... 150Meshed network with parallel line.......................................... 152Setting instructions ................................................................ 154Meshed network without parallel line..................................... 154.......................................... Meshed network with parallel line156

Definite time non-directional overcurrent protection (TOC) ............. 158 Application .................................................................................. 158Functionality ............................................................................... 158Design ........................................................................................ 159Calculations ................................................................................ 161

Setting instructions ................................................................ 161Setting of operating current IP>............................................. 162Setting instructions ................................................................ 162Setting of operating current IN> ............................................ 163

Two step time delayed non-directional phaseovercurrent protection (TOC2)......................................................... 165

Application .................................................................................. 165Functionality ............................................................................... 165Calculations ................................................................................ 166

Setting instructions ................................................................ 166Line protection in radial network ............................................ 166Line protection in meshed network........................................ 168

Setting characteristics ........................................................... 168Two step time delayed directional phaseovercurrent protection (TOC3) ........................................................ 170

Application .................................................................................. 170Functionality ............................................................................... 170

Theory of operation and design............................................. 170Current measuring element ................................................... 170Directional overcurrent function............................................. 171

Calculations ................................................................................ 177Setting instructions ................................................................ 177Line protection in a radial network ......................................... 177Line protection in meshed network........................................ 179Setting characteristics ........................................................... 179

Time delayed residual overcurrent protection (TEF) ...................... 181 Application .................................................................................. 181

Earth-fault overcurrent protection .......................................... 181Directional comparison logic function .................................... 182

Functionality ............................................................................... 182Theory of operation ............................................................... 182

Calculations ................................................................................ 185Setting instructions ................................................................ 185

Four step time delayed directional residualovercurrent protection (EF4) .......................................................... 189



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Theory of operation ............................................................... 189Function logic ........................................................................ 189The directional measuring function........................................ 192Definite time overcurrent step 1............................................. 193Definite time overcurrent step 2 and 3................................... 194Overcurrent step 4 ................................................................. 194

Calculations ................................................................................ 195Settings.................................................................................. 195General .................................................................................. 195Step 1 .................................................................................... 195Step 2 and 3 .......................................................................... 199Step 4, non-directional........................................................... 201Inverse time delay ................................................................. 201Directional current function .................................................... 202Example of protection scheme .............................................. 203

Sensitive directional residual overcurrent protection (WEF1) .......... 205

Application .................................................................................. 205Functionality................................................................................ 205Calculations ................................................................................ 208

Sensitive directional residual power protection (WEF2) .................. 212 Application .................................................................................. 212Functionality................................................................................ 212Calculations ................................................................................ 216

Scheme communication logic for residualovercurrent protection (EFC) ......................................................... 220

Application .................................................................................. 220Functionality................................................................................ 220

Theory of operation ............................................................... 220

Directional comparison logic function .................................... 220Blocking scheme ................................................................... 221Permissive overreach scheme............................................... 221

Design......................................................................................... 222Blocking scheme ................................................................... 222Permissive overreaching scheme.......................................... 223

Calculations ................................................................................ 223Setting ................................................................................... 223Blocking scheme ................................................................... 223Permissive communication scheme ...................................... 223

Current reversal and weak end infeed logic forresidual overcurrent protection (EFCA) ........................................... 224

Application .................................................................................. 224

Current reversal logic............................................................. 224Weak end infeed logic ........................................................... 224

Functionality................................................................................ 224Theory of operation ............................................................... 224Directional comparison logic function .................................... 224Fault current reversal logic .................................................... 225Weak and infeed logic ........................................................... 226

Design......................................................................................... 227Calculations ................................................................................ 228

Setting ................................................................................... 228Thermal phase overload protection (THOL) .................................... 230

Application .................................................................................. 230


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Functionality ............................................................................... 230Calculations ................................................................................ 231

Breaker failure protection (BFP) ...................................................... 234

Application .................................................................................. 234Functionality ............................................................................... 236Input and output signals ........................................................ 237Start functions........................................................................ 237Measuring principles.............................................................. 237

Design ........................................................................................ 239Calculations ................................................................................ 240

Setting ................................................................................... 240Human-machine interface (HMI) ........................................... 240

Chapter 6 Voltage ......................................................................... 241

Time delayed undervoltage protection (TUV) .................................. 242 Application .................................................................................. 242Functionality ............................................................................... 242Design ........................................................................................ 243Calculations ................................................................................ 243

Time delayed overvoltage protection (TOV) .................................... 244 Application .................................................................................. 244Functionality ............................................................................... 244Design ........................................................................................ 244Calculations ................................................................................ 247

Setting ................................................................................... 247

Chapter 7 Power system supervision ......................................... 249

Broken conductor check (BRC) ....................................................... 250 Application .................................................................................. 250Functionality ............................................................................... 250Design ........................................................................................ 250Calculations ................................................................................ 251

Setting instructions ................................................................ 251Setting of the minimum operating current IP> ....................... 251Setting of time delay t ............................................................ 253

Loss of voltage check (LOV)............................................................ 254 Application .................................................................................. 254Functionality ............................................................................... 254Design ........................................................................................ 254Calculations ................................................................................ 256

Setting instructions ................................................................ 256Overload supervision (OVLD).......................................................... 257

Application .................................................................................. 257Functionality ............................................................................... 257Design ........................................................................................ 257Calculations ................................................................................ 258

Setting instructions ................................................................ 258Setting of operating current IP>............................................. 258


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Dead line detection (DLD)................................................................ 260 Application .................................................................................. 260Design......................................................................................... 260Calculations ................................................................................ 261

Setting instructions ................................................................ 261

Chapter 8 Secondary system supervision..................................263

Current circuit supervision, current based (CTSU) .......................... 264 Application .................................................................................. 264Functionality................................................................................ 264Calculations ................................................................................ 266

Setting instructions ................................................................ 266Fuse failure supervision (FUSE) ...................................................... 267

Application .................................................................................. 267Functionality................................................................................ 267Negative sequence................................................................ 267Zero sequence ...................................................................... 268du/dt, di/dt .............................................................................. 271Logic ...................................................................................... 271

Calculations ................................................................................ 273Negative sequence function .................................................. 273Setting of negative sequence voltage 3U2>.......................... 273Setting of negative sequence current 3I2< ............................ 273Zero sequence function ......................................................... 274Setting of zero sequence voltage 3U0>................................. 274Setting of zero sequence current 3I0.............................................. 274Setting of current change DI


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Contents

Voltage selection, single circuit breaker ................................ 291Voltage selection for a single bus and single bay.................. 292Voltage selection for a double bus and single bay ................ 293

Phasing, double circuit breaker ............................................. 294Voltage connection, double circuit breaker and single bay ... 295Functionality ............................................................................... 296

Single circuit breaker ............................................................. 296Synchrocheck........................................................................ 296Voltage selection ................................................................... 299Double circuit breaker ............................................................ 301Synchrocheck........................................................................ 301Phasing and synchrocheck, single circuit breaker ................. 304Phasing and synchrocheck.................................................... 304Voltage selection ................................................................... 308Phasing and synchrocheck, double circuit breaker ............... 309Phasing and synchrocheck.................................................... 309

Calculations ................................................................................ 313Settings for single circuit breaker .......................................... 313Operation............................................................................... 313Input phase............................................................................ 313UMeasure .............................................................................. 313PhaseShift ............................................................................. 313URatio.................................................................................... 313USelection ............................................................................. 313 AutoEnerg and ManEnerg ..................................................... 313ManDBDL.............................................................................. 314UHigh and ULow ................................................................... 314FreqDiff, PhaseDiff and UDiff ................................................ 314

VTConnection........................................................................ 314tSync...................................................................................... 314Settings for double circuit breaker ......................................... 314Operation .............................................................................. 314Input phase............................................................................ 315UMeasure .............................................................................. 315PhaseShift ............................................................................. 315URatio.................................................................................... 315 AutoEnerg and ManEnerg ..................................................... 315ManDBDL.............................................................................. 315UHigh and ULow ................................................................... 315FreqDiff, PhaseDiff and UDiff ................................................ 315tSync...................................................................................... 316Settings for single circuit breaker with phasing ..................... 316Operation............................................................................... 316Input phase............................................................................ 316PhaseShift ............................................................................. 316URatio.................................................................................... 316USelection ............................................................................. 316 AutoEnerg and ManEnerg ..................................................... 316ManDBDL.............................................................................. 317UHigh and ULow ................................................................... 317FreqDiff, PhaseDiff and UDiff ................................................ 317OperationSync....................................................................... 317ShortPulse............................................................................. 317


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FreqDiffSynch........................................................................ 317tPulse..................................................................................... 317tBreaker ................................................................................. 317VTConnection........................................................................ 317tSync...................................................................................... 317FreqDiffBlock ......................................................................... 317Settings for double circuit breaker with phasing .................... 318Operation............................................................................... 318Input phase............................................................................ 318PhaseShift ............................................................................. 318URatio.................................................................................... 318 AutoEnerg and ManEnerg ..................................................... 318ManDBDL .............................................................................. 319UHigh and ULow ................................................................... 319FreqDiff, PhaseDiff and UDiff ................................................ 319FreqDiffSynch........................................................................ 319

OperationSynch..................................................................... 319ShortPulse ............................................................................. 319tPulse..................................................................................... 319tBreaker ................................................................................. 319tSync...................................................................................... 319FreqDiffBlock ......................................................................... 319

Autorecloser (AR) ............................................................................ 320 Application .................................................................................. 320Functionality................................................................................ 322

AR operation.......................................................................... 322Start and control of the auto-reclosing................................... 322Extended AR open time, shot 1 ............................................. 322

Long trip signal ...................................................................... 323Reclosing programs............................................................... 323Blocking of a new reclosing cycle .......................................... 325Reclosing checks and Reclaim timer ..................................... 325Pulsing of CB closing command ............................................ 326Transient fault ........................................................................ 326Unsuccessful signal ............................................................... 326Permanent fault ..................................................................... 326 Automatic confirmation of programmed reclosing attempts... 326

Calculations ................................................................................ 327Configuration and setting....................................................... 327Recommendations for input signals....................................... 327Recommendations for output signals .................................... 328

Recommendations for multi-breaker arrangement ................ 330Settings.................................................................................. 332

Single command, 16 signals (CD) ................................................... 333 Application .................................................................................. 333Design......................................................................................... 334Calculations ................................................................................ 335

Setting ................................................................................... 335Multiple command (CM)................................................................... 336

Application .................................................................................. 336Design......................................................................................... 336

General .................................................................................. 336Binary signal interbay communication ................................... 336


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Calculations ................................................................................ 337Settings.................................................................................. 337

Chapter 10 Logic............................................................................. 339

Tripping logic (TR) ........................................................................... 340 Application .................................................................................. 340Functionality ............................................................................... 341Design ........................................................................................ 341

Three-phase front logic.......................................................... 342Phase segregated front logic................................................. 342 Additional logic for 1ph/3ph operating mode ......................... 343 Additional logic for 1ph/2ph/3ph operating mode .................. 344Final tripping circuits.............................................................. 345

Calculations ................................................................................ 346Pole discordance logic (PDc)........................................................... 347 Application .................................................................................. 347Functionality ............................................................................... 347

Functionality for contact based pole discordance.................. 347Design ........................................................................................ 348Calculations ................................................................................ 350

Setting Instruction.................................................................. 350High speed binary output logic (HSBO)........................................... 351

Application .................................................................................. 351Functionality ............................................................................... 351Design ........................................................................................ 353

Communication channel test logic (CCHT)...................................... 356 Application .................................................................................. 356Design ........................................................................................ 356

Selection of an operating mode............................................. 357Operation at sending end ...................................................... 357Operation at receiving end .................................................... 357

Binary signal transfer to remote end (RTC12) ................................. 358 Application .................................................................................. 358Design ........................................................................................ 358

Remote end data communication.......................................... 360Event function (EV).......................................................................... 361


Design ........................................................................................ 361General.................................................................................. 361Double indication ................................................................... 362Communication between terminals ....................................... 362

Calculations ................................................................................ 363Event counter (CN) .......................................................................... 364


Reporting ............................................................................... 364Calculations ................................................................................ 364


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Chapter 11 Monitoring .................................................................... 365

Disturbance report ........................................................................... 366

Application .................................................................................. 366Requirement of trig condition for disturbance report .......... 366

Functionality................................................................................ 366Disturbance information......................................................... 367Indications ............................................................................. 368Event recorder ....................................................................... 368Fault locator ........................................................................... 368Trip values ............................................................................. 368Disturbance recorder ............................................................. 368Recording times..................................................................... 368 Analog signals ....................................................................... 369Binary signals ........................................................................ 370Trigger signals ....................................................................... 370

Calculations ................................................................................ 371Settings during normal conditions.......................................... 371Operation............................................................................... 372Sequence number ................................................................. 372Recording times..................................................................... 373Binary signals ........................................................................ 373 Analog signals ....................................................................... 373Behavior during test mode..................................................... 373

Indications........................................................................................ 375 Application .................................................................................. 375Functionality................................................................................ 375Calculations ................................................................................ 376

Disturbance recorder (DR)............................................................... 377 Application .................................................................................. 377Functionality................................................................................ 377

Recording Capacity ............................................................... 378Memory capacity ................................................................... 378Time tagging.......................................................................... 378Signal processing .................................................................. 378

Design......................................................................................... 379Calculations ................................................................................ 380

Event recorder (ER) ......................................................................... 382 Application .................................................................................. 382Functionality................................................................................ 382

Calculations ................................................................................ 382Fault locator (FLOC) ........................................................................ 383 Application .................................................................................. 383Functionality................................................................................ 383

Distance-to-fault locator ......................................................... 383Measuring principle..................................................................... 384 Accurate algorithm for measurement of distance to fault ........... 384The non-compensated impedance model .................................. 388Design......................................................................................... 389Calculations ................................................................................ 389

Trip value recorder (TVR) ................................................................ 391 Application .................................................................................. 391


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Supervision of AC input quantities (DA) .......................................... 392

Application .................................................................................. 392Functionality ............................................................................... 392User-defined measuring ranges ............................................ 393Continuous monitoring of the measured quantity .................. 393Continuous supervision of the measured quantity................. 394


Increased accuray of AC input quantities (IMA) .............................. 404 Application .................................................................................. 404Functionality ............................................................................... 404

Supervision of mA input quantities (MI) ........................................... 405 Application .................................................................................. 405Functionality ............................................................................... 405

User-defined measuring ranges ............................................ 405Continuous monitoring of the measured quantity .................. 406Continuous supervision of the measured quantity................. 407


Chapter 12 Metering ....................................................................... 417

Pulse counter logic for metering (PC) .............................................. 418 Application .................................................................................. 418Functionality ............................................................................... 418Design ........................................................................................ 419Calculations ................................................................................ 420

Setting ................................................................................... 420

Chapter 13 System protection and control functions ................. 421

Pole Slip Protection (PSP)............................................................... 422 Application .................................................................................. 422

Oscillations of mechanical masses in power system............. 422Requirements on protection systems during poleslip conditions in network ................................................... 428

Functionality ............................................................................... 429Theory of operation ............................................................... 429Detection of the oscillations and transitions .......................... 432Tripping on way in and on way out ........................................ 435Close-in and remote end tripping areas ................................ 438

Design ........................................................................................ 438Detection of oscillations......................................................... 440Logic for cooperation with the line distance protection.......... 441Tripping criteria...................................................................... 443

Calculations ................................................................................ 450Setting instructions ................................................................ 450

Low active power protection (LAPP)................................................ 461


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Application .................................................................................. 461General .................................................................................. 461Power transformer directly connected to the feeding line...... 461Line connected shunt reactor ................................................ 462Breaker failure protection with transfer trip ............................ 462

Functionality................................................................................ 463General .................................................................................. 463 Active power calculation ........................................................ 463Direction of active power ....................................................... 464Conditioning elements ........................................................... 465

Design......................................................................................... 465Calculation.................................................................................. 468

Setting instructions ................................................................ 468Setting example..................................................................... 469

Low active and reactive power protection (LARP) ........................... 471 Application .................................................................................. 471

General .................................................................................. 471Power transformer directly connected to the feeding line...... 471Line connected shunt reactor ................................................ 472Breaker failure protection with transfer trip ............................ 473

Functionality................................................................................ 473General .................................................................................. 473 Active and reactive power calculation.................................... 474Direction of reactive power .................................................... 475Conditioning elements ........................................................... 475



Setting example..................................................................... 480High active power protection (HAPP) .............................................. 482 Application .................................................................................. 482Functionality................................................................................ 482

General .................................................................................. 482 Active power calculation ........................................................ 484Direction of active power ....................................................... 485



High active and reactive power protection (HARP).......................... 492 Application .................................................................................. 492

Functionality................................................................................ 493General .................................................................................. 493 Active and reactive power calculation.................................... 493Direction of reactive power .................................................... 494



Sudden change in phase current protection function (SCC1).......... 500 Application .................................................................................. 500

General .................................................................................. 500Power transformer directly connected to the feeding line...... 500


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Line connected shunt reactor ................................................ 501Breaker failure protection with transfer trip............................ 502

Functionality ............................................................................... 502

General.................................................................................. 502Sudden change in current calculation ................................... 503Design ........................................................................................ 503Calculation.................................................................................. 504


Sudden change in residual current protection function (SCRC) ...... 507 Application .................................................................................. 507Functionality ............................................................................... 507Design ........................................................................................ 507Calculation.................................................................................. 509

Setting instructions ................................................................ 509Sudden change in voltage protection function (SCV) ...................... 510


General.................................................................................. 510Sudden change in voltage calculation ................................... 510

Design ........................................................................................ 511Calculation.................................................................................. 512

Setting instructions ................................................................ 512Overvoltage protection (OVP).......................................................... 514


General.................................................................................. 514Votage calculation ................................................................. 515

Design ........................................................................................ 515Calculation.................................................................................. 517


Accurate undercurrent protection function (UCP)............................ 520 Application .................................................................................. 520

Power transformer directly connected to the feeding line...... 520Line connected shunt reactor ................................................ 521Breaker failure protection with transfer trip............................ 521

Functionality ............................................................................... 522Design ........................................................................................ 523Calculation.................................................................................. 524


Phase overcurrent protection (OCP) ............................................... 527 Application .................................................................................. 527Functionality ............................................................................... 527Design ........................................................................................ 528Calculation.................................................................................. 530


Residual overcurrent protection (ROCP) ......................................... 533 Application .................................................................................. 533Functionality ............................................................................... 533

General.................................................................................. 533


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Current calculation................................................................. 533Conditioning elements ........................................................... 533



Chapter 14 Data communication ...................................................537

Remote end data communication .................................................... 538 Application .................................................................................. 538

General .................................................................................. 538Design......................................................................................... 538Fibre optical module DCM-FOM ................................................. 540

Application ............................................................................. 540

Design ................................................................................... 541Calculation............................................................................. 543Galvanic interface ....................................................................... 543

Application ............................................................................. 543Design ................................................................................... 546

Short range galvanic module DCM-SGM ................................... 547 Application ............................................................................. 547

Short range fibre optical module DCM-SFOM ............................ 548 Application ............................................................................. 548

Co-directional G.703 galvanic interface DCM-G.703.................. 551 Application ............................................................................. 551

Carrier module ............................................................................ 551 Application ............................................................................. 551

Design ................................................................................... 552Serial communication....................................................................... 553

Serial communication, SPA ....................................................... 553 Application ............................................................................. 553Functionality .......................................................................... 554Design ................................................................................... 554Calculations ........................................................................... 555

Serial communication, IEC (IEC 60870-5-103 protocol) ............. 555 Application ............................................................................. 555Functionality .......................................................................... 557Design ................................................................................... 557Calculation............................................................................. 559

Serial communication, LON ........................................................ 561 Application ............................................................................. 561Functionality .......................................................................... 561Design ................................................................................... 561Calculations ........................................................................... 562

Serial communication modules................................................... 562SPA/IEC ................................................................................ 562LON ....................................................................................... 563

Chapter 15 Hardware modules ......................................................565


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Platform ........................................................................................... 566General ....................................................................................... 566Platform configuration................................................................. 566

3/4x19" platform.......................................................................... 5671/2x19" platform.......................................................................... 568Transformer module (TRM) ............................................................. 569 A/D module (ADM)........................................................................... 572Main processing module (MPM) ...................................................... 574Input/Output modules ...................................................................... 577

General ....................................................................................... 577Binary input module (BIM) .......................................................... 579Binary output module (BOM) ...................................................... 580Binary I/O module (IOM)............................................................. 582

Power supply module (PSM) ........................................................... 584mA input module (MIM) ................................................................... 585Local LCD human machine interface (LCD-HMI) ............................ 586

Application .................................................................................. 58618 LED indication module (LED-HMI).............................................. 588

Application .................................................................................. 588Design ........................................................................................ 588LED indication function (HL, HLED) ........................................... 589

Application ............................................................................. 589Functionality .......................................................................... 589Calculation............................................................................. 600

Serial communication modules (SCM) ............................................ 601Design, SPA/IEC ........................................................................ 601Design, LON ............................................................................... 601

Data communication modules (DCM).............................................. 602


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1

About this chapter Chapter 1

Introduction

Chapter 1 Introduction

About this chapter

This chapter introduces you to the manual as such.


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2

Introduction to the application manual Chapter 1

Introduction

1 Introduction to the application manual

1.1 About the complete set of manuals for a terminalThe users manual (UM) is a complete set of four different manuals:

The Application Manual (AM) contains descriptions, such as application and functionality de-scriptions as well as setting calculation examples sorted per function. The application manualshould be used when designing and engineering the protection terminal to find out when and forwhat a typical protection function could be used. The manual should also be used when calcu-lating settings and creating configurations.

The Technical Reference Manual (TRM) contains technical descriptions, such as function blocks, logic diagrams, input and output signals, setting parameter tables and technical data sort-ed per function. The technical reference manual should be used as a technical reference duringthe engineering phase, installation and commissioning phase, and during the normal service phase.

The Operator's Manual (OM) contains instructions on how to operate the protection terminalduring normal service (after commissioning and before periodic maintenance tests). The opera-tor's manual can be used to find out how to handle disturbances or how to view calculated andmeasured network data in order to determine the cause of a fault.

The Installation and Commissioning Manual (ICM) contains instructions on how to installand commission the protection terminal. The manual can also be used as a reference if a periodictest is performed. The manual covers procedures for mechanical and electrical installation, en-ergizing and checking of external circuitry, setting and configuration as well as verifying set-tings and performing a directional test. The chapters and sections are organized in thechronological order (indicated by chapter/section numbers) in which the protection terminalshould be installed and commissioned.

1.2 About the application manual

The application manual contains the following chapters:

• The chapter “General” describes the terminal in general.• The chapter “Common functions” describes the common functions in the termi-

nal.• The chapter “Line distance” describes the line distance functions in the terminal.

Applicationmanual

Technicalreference

manual

Installation andcommissioning

manual

Operator´smanual

en01000044.vsd


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3


Introduction

• The chapter “Current” describes the current protection functions.• The chapter “Voltage” describes the voltage protection functions.

• The chapter “Power system supervision” describes the power system supervision

functions.• The chapter “Monitoring” describes the monitoring functions.• The chapter “Metering” describes the metering functions.• The chapter “System protection and control functions”describes the system pro-

tection and control functions.• The chapter “Data communication” describes the data communication and the

associated hardware.• The chapter “Hardware modules” describes the different hardware modules.

1.3 Intended audience

1.3.1 GeneralThe application manual is addressing the system engineer/technical responsible who is respon-sible for specifying the application of the terminal.

1.3.2 Requirements

The system engineer/technical responsible must have a good knowledge about protection sys-tems, protection equipment, protection functions and the configured functional logics in the pro-tection.

1.4 Related documents

1.5 Revision notes

1.6 Glossary

Documents related to REL 511*2.5 Identity number

Operator's manual 1MRK 506 165-UEN

Installation and commissioning manual 1MRK 506 167-UEN

Technical reference manual 1MRK 506 166-UEN

Application manual 1MRK 506 168-UEN

Buyer's guide 1MRK 506 164-BEN

Revision Description

A First revision


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Introduction

AC Alternating Current

ACrv2 Setting A for programmable overvoltage IDMT curve, step 2

A/D conver ter Analog to Digital converter

ADBS Amplitude dead-band supervision

AIM Analog input module

ANSI American National Standards Institute

ASCT Auxiliary summation current transformer

ASD Adaptive Signal Detection

AWG American Wire Gauge standard

BIM Binary input module

BLKDEL Block of delayed fault clearing

BOM Binary output module

BR Binary transfer receive over LDCM

BS British Standard

BSR Binary Signal Receive (SMT) over LDCM

BST Binary Signal Transmit (SMT) over LDCM

BT Binary Transfer Transmit over LDCM

C34.97

CAN Controller Area Network. ISO standard (ISO 11898) for serial communi-cation

CAP 531 Configuration and programming tool

CB Circuit breaker

CBM Combined backplane module

CCITT Consultative Committee for International Telegraph and Telephony. AUnited Nations sponsored standards body within the International Tele-communications Union.

CCS Current circuit supervision

CEM Controller area network emulation module

CIM Communication interface module

CMPPS Combined Mega Pulses Per Second

CO cycle Close-Open cycle

Co-directional Way of transmitting G.703 over a balanced line. Involves two twistedpairs making it possible to transmit information in both directions

Contra-directional Way of transmitting G.703 over a balanced line. Involves four twistedpairs of with two are used for transmitting data in both directions, andtwo pairs for transmitting clock signals

CPU Central Processor Unit

CR Carrier Receive


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Introduction

CRC Cyclic Redundancy Check

CRL POR carrier for WEI logic

CS Carrier send

CT Current transformer

CT1L1 Input to be used for transmit CT group 1line L1 in signal matrix tool

CT1L1NAM Signal name for CT-group 1line L1 in signal matrix tool

CT2L3 Input to be used for transmission of CT-group 2 line L3 to remote end

CT2N Input to be used for transmission of CT-group 2 neutral N to remote end.

CVT Capacitive voltage transformer

DAR Delayed auto-reclosing

db dead band

DBDL Dead bus dead line

DBLL Dead bus live line

DC Direct Current

DIN-rail Rail conforming to DIN standard

DIP-switch Small switch mounted on a printed circuit board

DLLB Dead line live bus

DSP Digital signal processor

DTT Direct transfer trip scheme

EHV network Extra high voltage network

EIA Electronic Industries Association

EMC Electro magnetic compatibility

ENGV1 Enable execution of step one

ENMULT Current multiplier used when THOL is used for two or more lines

EMI Electro magnetic interference

ESD Electrostatic discharge

FOX 20 Modular 20 channel telecommunication system for speech, data andprotection signals

FOX 512/515 Access multiplexer

FOX 6Plus Compact, time-division multiplexer for the transmission of up to sevenduplex channels of digital data over optical fibers

FPGA Field Programmable Gate Array

FRRATED Rated system frequency

FSMPL Physical channel number for frequency calculation


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Introduction

G.703 Electrical and functional description for digital lines used by local tele-phone companies. Can be transported over balanced and unbalancedlines

G.711 Standard for pulse code modulation of analog signals on digital lines

GCM Communication interface module with carrier of GPS receiver module

GI General interrogation command

GIS Gas insulated switchgear.

GOOSE Generic Object Orientated Substation Event

GPS Global positioning system

GR GOOSE Receive (interlock)

HDLC protocol High level data link control, protocol based on the HDLC standard

HFBR connector type Fibre connector receiver

HMI Human-Machine InterfaceHSAR High-Speed Auto-Reclosing

HV High voltage

HVDC High voltage direct current

HysAbsFreq Absolute hysteresis for over and under frequency operation

HysAbsMagn Absolute hysteresis for signal magnitude in percentage of Ubase

HysRelMagn Relative hysteresis for signal magnitude

HystAbs Overexcitation level of absolute hysteresis as a percentage

HystRel Overexcitation level of relative hysteresis as a percentage

IBIAS Magnitude of the bias current common to L1, L2 and L3

IDBS Integrating dead-band supervision

IDMT Minimum inverse delay time

IDMTtmin Inverse delay minimum time in seconds

IdMin Operational restrictive characteristic, section 1 sensitivity, multiple Ibase

IDNSMAG Magnitude of negative sequence differential current

Idunre Unrestrained prot. limit multiple of winding1 rated current

ICHARGE Amount of compensated charging current

IEC International Electrical Committee

IEC 186A

IEC 60044-6 IEC Standard, Instrument transformers – Part 6: Requirements for pro-tective current transformers for transient performance

IEC 60870-5-103 Communication standard for protective equipment. A serial master/slaveprotocol for point-to-point communication

IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers

IEEE 802.12 A network technology standard that provides 100 Mbits/s on twisted-pairor optical fiber cable


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Introduction

IEEE P1386.1 PCI Mezzanine Card (PMC) standard for local bus modules. Referencesthe CMC (IEEE P1386, also known as Common Mezzanine Card) stan-dard for the mechanics and the PCI specifications from the PCI SIG

(Special Interest Group) for the electricalEMF Electro magnetic force

IED Intelligent electronic device

I-GIS Intelligent gas insulated switchgear

IL1RE Real current component, phase L1

IL1IM Imaginary current component, phase L1

IminNegSeq Negative sequence current must be higher than this to be used

INAMPL Present magnitude of residual current

INSTMAGN Magnitude of instantaneous value

INSTNAME Instance name in signal matrix tool

IOM Binary Input/Output module

IPOSIM Imaginary part of positive sequence current

IPOSRE Real component of positve sequence current

IP 20 Enclosure protects against solid foreign objects 12.5mm in diameter andlarger but no protection against ingression of liquid according toIEC60529. Equivalent to NEMA type 1.

IP 40 Enclosure protects against solid foreign objects 1.0mm in diameter orlarger but no protection against ingression of liquid according toIEC60529.

IP 54 Degrees of protection provided by enclosures (IP code) according toIEC 60529. Dust protected. Protected against splashing water. Equiva-

lent to NEMA type 12.

Ip>block Block of the function at high phase current in percentage of base

IRVBLK Block of current reversal function

IRV Activation of current reversal logic

ITU International Telecommunications Union

k2 Time multiplier in IDMT mode

kForIEEE Time multiplier for IEEE inverse type curve

LAN Local area network

LIB 520

LCD Liquid chrystal display

LDCM Line differential communication module

LDD Local detection device

LED Light emitting diode

LNT LON network tool

LON Local operating network


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RFPE Resistance of phase-to-earth faults

RISC Reduced instruction set computer

RMS value Root mean square value

RS422 A balanced serial interface for the transmission of digital data inpoint-to-point connections

RS485 Serial link according to EIA standard RS485

RS530 A generic connector specification that can be used to support RS422,V.35 and X.21 and others

RTU Remote Terminal Unit

RTC Real Time Clock

SA Substation Automation

SC Switch or push-button to close

SCS Station control systemSLM Serial communication module. Used for SPA/LON/IEC communication

SMA connector Sub Miniature version A connector

SMS Station monitoring system

SPA Strömberg Protection Acquisition, a serial master/slave protocol forpoint-to-point communication

SPGGIO Single Point Gxxxxx Generic Input/Output

SRY Switch for CB ready condition

ST3UO RMS voltage at neutral point

STL1 Start signal from phase L1

ST Switch or push-button to trip

SVC Static VAr compensation

t1 1Ph Open time for shot 1, single phase

t1 3PhHS Open time for shot 1, high speed reclosing three phase

tAutoContWait Wait period after close command before next shot

tCBCLosedMin Minimum time that the circuit breaker must be closed before newsequence is permitted

tExtended t1 Open time extended by this value if Extended t1 is true

THL Thermal Overload Line cable

THOL Thermal overload

tInhibit Reset reclosing time for inhibit

tPulse Pulse length for single command outputs

TP Logic Pulse Timer

tReporting Cycle time for reporting of counter value

tRestore Restore time delay


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About this chapter Chapter 2

General

Chapter 2 General

About this chapter

This chapter describes the terminal in general.


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Functions Chapter 2

General

2 Functions

• Line distanceImpedance

- General fault criteria, impedance and current based (GFCzi)

- General fault criteria, impedance and current based, with phase preference logic (GFCp- pl-zi)

- Distance protection (ZM)

- Simplified impedance settings (SIS)

- Power swing detection (PSD)

- Scheme communication logic (ZCOM)

- Current reversal and weak end infeed logic (ZCAL)

- Radial feeder protection (PAP)- Automatic switch onto fault logic (SOTF)

- Local acceleration logic (ZCLC)

• Current

- Instantaneous non-directional phase overcurrent protection (IOCph)

- Instantaneous non-directional residual overcurrent protection (IOCr)

- Definite time non-directional phase overcurrent protec

1MRK506168-UEN a en Application Manual Line Distance Protection Terminal REL511 2.5

Documents

Transcript of 1MRK506168-UEN a en Application Manual Line Distance Protection Terminal REL511 2.5