1.Look at page 82: What trends do you notice? What might explain the trend(s)? 2. Look at maps on...
7
1. Look at page 82: What trends do you notice? What might explain the trend(s)? 2. Look at maps on pages 90 and 91. For each map: State two things you notice. What might explain what you see? Comment on what you see.
-
Upload
tyrone-copeland -
Category
Documents
-
view
212 -
download
0
Transcript of 1.Look at page 82: What trends do you notice? What might explain the trend(s)? 2. Look at maps on...
1. Look at page 82: What trends do you notice? What might
explain the trend(s)?
2. Look at maps on pages 90 and 91. For each map: State two things you notice. What might explain what you see?
Comment on what you see.
1. Look at page 82: What trends do you notice? What might
explain the trend(s)?
2. Look at maps on pages 90 and 91. For each map: State two things you notice. What might explain what you see?
Comment on what you see.
GRANTS!GRANTS!
Fiscal Federalism
Public workscanals, roads, railroads,Land grants for colleges
Grants in Aid ProgramsSpecific Projects
Cross-over sanctionse.g. highway funds/drinking age
Stringe.g. Non-discrimination
Matching Funds(sometimes)
Cross-cutting fundsUniversities, environmental,
title IX, title IV (CRA)
Project Grantse.g. NSF
(Competition)
Formula Grantse.g. medicaid
(Number of people)
CategoricalWith Strings
Specific Purposes^ since 1970s
Greater local control
Education, health care, public services
Block GrantsGeneral (variety)
Began 1966^ 1996 - Devolution - Welfare
Reagan Cut
No Strings
Revenue SharingJohnson/Nixon
Types of Grants
Fiscal Federalism
Public workscanals, roads, railroads,Land grants for colleges
Grants in Aid ProgramsSpecific Projects
Cross-over sanctionse.g. highway funds/drinking age
Stringe.g. Non-discrimination
Matching Funds(sometimes)
Cross-cutting fundsUniversities, environmental,
title IX, title IV (CRA)
Project Grantse.g. NSF
(Competition)
Formula Grantse.g. medicaid
(Number of people)
CategoricalWith Strings
Specific Purposes^ since 1970s
Greater local control
Education, health care, public services
Block GrantsGeneral (variety)
Began 1966^ 1996 - Devolution - Welfare
Reagan Cut
No Strings
Revenue SharingJohnson/Nixon
Types of Grants
MandatesMandates
Everyone hates them! Usually have to use their own money on top of the Federal money.
E.G. Medicaid (Feds pay 50-85%)
ADA - no funding Clean Air Act - no funding Homeland Security No Child Left Behind
Everyone hates them! Usually have to use their own money on top of the Federal money.
E.G. Medicaid (Feds pay 50-85%)
ADA - no funding Clean Air Act - no funding Homeland Security No Child Left Behind
UniversalityUniversality
Everyone wants to get the same…no
matter the need!E.G. Title 1 $ for education students living in poverty.
Intergovernmental Lobbyists
Everyone wants to get the same…no
matter the need!E.G. Title 1 $ for education students living in poverty.
Intergovernmental Lobbyists
But Now…But Now…
95% of districts in the U.S. get it.
Clinton tried to fix, but Congress said no!
WHY?
95% of districts in the U.S. get it.
Clinton tried to fix, but Congress said no!
WHY?
States Fight BackStates Fight Back
1994 - California, New York, Texas, and Florida sued the Feds for reimbursement for costs from Mandates.
Feds fault - borders Lost.
1994 - California, New York, Texas, and Florida sued the Feds for reimbursement for costs from Mandates.
Feds fault - borders Lost.
Group EssaysGroup Essays Define what is meant by “fiscal federalism” How is it manifested through the federal grant system? What are the advantages and disadvantages of each of the different types of grants?
To what extent has the new Republican majority, first elected in the mid 1990’s, limited the scope of government? Enhanced it?
Define what is meant by “fiscal federalism” How is it manifested through the federal grant system? What are the advantages and disadvantages of each of the different types of grants?
To what extent has the new Republican majority, first elected in the mid 1990’s, limited the scope of government? Enhanced it?
