1.INTRODUCTION TO FIRST AID

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    HPD 2122: BASIC FIRST AID & CPR

    CHAPTER 1:INTRODUCTION TO FIRST AID

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    Chapter 1: Introduction To First Aid

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    Topic Outlines

    1.1 Topic 1.1 Definition

    1.1.1 Objectives

    1.2 Topic 1.2 First Aid Kits

    1.3 Topic 1.3 Vital Signs

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    Chapter 1: Introduction To First Aid

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    L earning Outcomes

    At the end of this chapter, students should be able to:

    To define Basic First Aid

    To identify the objectives of Basic First Aid

    To list the ideal characteristic of First Aider

    To recognize First Aid Kit

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    Chapter 1: Introduction To First Aid

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    1.1 DEFINITION

    First Aid is any emergency care given to an injured or ill person beforemedical assistance arrives i.e. Ambulance Officer, Nurse or Doctor

    First Aid is the first assistance or treatment given for a sick or injured person(called casualty) before the arrival of an ambulance or qualified expert.

    The immediate care given to an injured or suddenly ill person. DOES

    NOT take the place of proper medical treatment

    Topics

    http://www.firstaidinternational.com.au/introduction.php

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    1.1.1 OBJECTIVES

    TO SAVE LIVES1. If unconscious keep the airway clear 2. Make sure the casualty is breathing3. Stop any bleeding4. Treat other injuries in the right order

    TO PREVENT FUTHER INJURY1. Never move the casualty unless there is danger, to avoid further injury2. Comfort and reassure the casualty3. Give protection from the cold, exercise heat or wet conditions

    TO OBTAIN MEDICAL AID1. Ask someone to call an ambulance or doctor as soon as possible.2. Always stay with the victim until help arrives.

    Topics

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    TO SAVE LIVES1. If unconscious keep the airway clear 2. Make sure the casualty is breathing3. Stop any bleeding4. Treat other injuries in the right order

    TO PREVENT FUTHER INJURY1. Never move the casualty unless there is danger, to avoid further injury2. Comfort and reassure the casualty3. Give protection from the cold, exercise heat or wet conditions

    TO OBTAIN MEDICAL AID1. Ask someone to call an ambulance or doctor as soon as possible.2. Always stay with the victim until help arrives.

    Topics

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    A good observer Able to act quicklyNot panicked with situation

    Able to lead and control the crowd and take help from the bystandersH ave self confidence and ability to judge injuries to be treat firstDemonstrated competence expressing sympathy and providing goodcounseling

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    Characteristic Of First Aider

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    1.2 FIRST AID KIT

    Topics

    Family First Aid Kit Content

    Absorbent Compress 5x9 dressing

    Adhesive Bandages (Assorted Sizes)

    Adhesive Tape (cloth) 1

    Antibiotic intment pac ets (approx 1 g)

    Antiseptic wipe Pac ets

    Aspirin (Chewable) 81 mg

    Blan et (Space Blan et)

    CPR Breathing Barrier (w/one-way valve)

    Instant Cold Compress

    Gloves (large), disposable, non-latex

    Suggested Use

    Cover and protect open wounds

    Cover and protect open wounds

    To secure bandages or splints

    Anti-infection

    Wound cleaning/germ iller

    For symptoms of a heart attac **

    Maintain body temperature for shoc

    Protection during rescue breathing or CPR

    To control swelling

    Prevent body fluid contact

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    Chapter 1: Introduction To First Aid

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    Family First Aid Kit Content Suggested Use

    H ydrocortisone Ointment Packets (approx 1 g)

    Scissors

    Roller Bandage 3 (individually wrapped)

    Roller Bandage 4 (individually wrapped)

    Sterile Gauze Pad 3x3

    Sterile Gauze Pad 4x4

    Thermometer, Oral (Non-Mercury/Non-Glass)

    Triangular Bandage

    Tweezers

    First Aid Instruction booklet

    External rash treatment

    Cut tape, cloth, or bandages

    Secure wound dressing in place

    Secure wound dressing in place

    To control external bleeding

    To control external bleeding

    Take temperature orally

    Sling or binder/splinting

    Remove splinters or ticks

    Self explanatory

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    Temperature can be measured is several different ways:

    1. Oral with a glass, paper, or electronic thermometer (normal 37 r C)

    2 . Axillary with a glass or electronic thermometer (normal 36.3r

    C)3 . Rectal or "core" with a glass or electronic thermometer (normal 37.7 r C)4 . Aural (the ear) with an electronic thermometer (normal 37.7 r C)

    Of these, axillary is the least and rectal is the most accurate.

    Topics

    Temperature

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    Temperature can be measured is several different ways:

    1. Oral with a glass, paper, or electronic thermometer (normal 98.6F/37C)

    2 . Axillary with a glass or electronic thermometer (normal 97.6F/36.3C)3 . Rectal or "core" with a glass or electronic thermometer (normal

    99.6F/37.7C)4 . Aural (the ear) with an electronic thermometer (normal 99.6F/37.7C)

    Of these, axillary is the least and rectal is the most accurate.

    Topics

    Temperature

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    1. Grasp the patient's wrist with your free (non-watch bearing) hand (patient'sright with your right or patient's left with your left).

    2. Compress the radial artery with your index and middle fingers.3. Note whether the pulse is regular or irregular:

    Regular - evenly spaced beats, may vary slightly with respirationRegularly Irregular - regular pattern overall with "skipped" beatsIrregularly Irregular - chaotic, no real pattern, very difficult to measure rateaccuratelyCount the pulse for 15 seconds and multiply by 4.Count for a full minute if the pulse is irregular.Record the rate and rhythm.

    Topics

    Pulse

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    Best done immediately after taking the casualty's pulse. Do not announcethat you are measuring respirations.Count breaths for 15 seconds and multiply this number by 4 to yield thebreaths per minute.In adults, normal resting respiratory rate is between 12-18 breaths/minute.Rapid respiration is called tachypnea.

    Topics

    Respiration


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