1. Did your group follow the directions, step-by-step? If not, why?

2. Why did your group claim the items you did?

3. How did your group feel when other groups started claiming items?

The Scramble for

What is Africa Like?

• Hundreds of Ethnic Groups• Over 1000 Languages Spoken• Tribal Villages• Mysterious Environment• Established Trade Networks

Early Europeans in Africa

• Missionaries and Explorers are the first to arrive

• Difficulty Exploring the “Interior”• Fear of Mosquitoes and Malaria• Prior to 1880 only 10% of Africa in

European Control

Map of Africa before 1850

Why the Scramble?

•Need for More Resources•Demand for New Markets

•The Search for Raw Materials

Imperialism:

•Seizure of a Territory or Country by a Stronger

Country

Factors that Drive Imperialism

• Nationalism: Empire building equals power and increases national pride

• Social Darwinism: “survival of the fittest”

• Europeans believe it is their duty to pass on their progress

• Goal: Civilize and Westernize

Technology Fuels Imperialism

•Technology: Maxim Gun: First Automatic Gun

•Steam Engine: Allows for Navigation of the Interior

•Quick Communication•Vaccinations•African Disunity

“Dr. Livingstone, I Presume?”• David Livingstone travels Africa to

promote Christianity and disappears

• U.S. sends Reporter Henry Stanley to “rescue” Livingstone

• The two meet on the shores of Lake Tanganyika

Stanley’s Legacy

• King Leopold of Belgium challenges Stanley to get land

• Signs Treaties with local Chiefs to gain control of Tribal land

• Leopold pays companies to exploit Africans for profit in the rubber industry

The Berlin Conference

• Called to prevent wars between European countries for control of African Land

• The Result: Land claims must be made by notifying other countries and showing control

• Does not address original boundaries or African representatives

Acts of Resistance: The Zulu and Boer Wars• 1816 – Zulu Chief Shaka creates a

centralized African state• Future leaders lose control of the

state• 1879 – Face possibility of British rule• Using only spears and shields, the

Zulus withstand the British until 1887 when they face defeat at Ulundi

The Boer War

Africa in 1880