1c Process Operation System

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PLANT OPERATION SYSTEM

Dr. AA

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PROCESS SYSTEMType of process equipments etc is dependent on te processitse!f.

Lets t"#e Oi! P!"tform "nd "n e$"mp!e

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Te e"rt of Process System is te Distri%uted Contro! System&DCS'


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Oi! "nd ("s Production O)er)ie*

The figure gives a simplifiedoverview of the typical oil andgas production process

Products from wellhead feedinto production and testmanifolds.

The remainder of the figure isthe actual process, called theas !il "eparation Plant#!"P$.

%hile there are oil or gas onlyinstallations, the wellstream will

consist of a full range ofhydrocar&ons from gas#methane, &utane, propaneetc.$, condensates #mediumdensity hydro'car&ons$ to crudeoil.

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Oi! + ("s ,!oc# Di"-r"m

)

*ote+ n "ome cases,

all gases go to flare


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Oi! "nd ("s Process

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Typic"! O%ecti)es of P!"nt Oper"tion

/. Protect peop!e

0. Protect En)ironment

1. Protect Equipment

2. M"int"in Smoot oper"tion

3. Acie)e Product r"tes "nd qu"!ity

4. Profit 5 optimisin- first fi)e

6. Monitorin- + di"-nosis

Tese "re Acie)ed Trou- Process Contro!7

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DCS ArcitectureDCS Arcitecture

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8ie!d%us Tecno!o-y8ie!d%us Tecno!o-y

ntroduced 14 &ut underwent

many development "tandard 6115 introduced in

1444

ased upon smart valves, smartsensors and controllers installed in

the field. ses data highway to replace wires

from sensor to 7" and to thecontrol valves.

8ess e9pensive installations and&etter relia&ility.

an mi9 different sources#vendors$ of sensors, transmitters,and control valves.

*ow commercially availa&le andshould &egin to replace 7"s.

CEA(I9O

P3::/: ... /3:

%"r

:-oundation -ield&us #--$:Profi&us #Process -ield us$:!thers+ ontrol*et, P'*et, "wift*et ,

%orld-P, nter&us, ther;T,

"!7" etc


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8ie!d%us Arcitecture8ie!d%us Arcitecture

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PLC ArcitecturePLC Arcitecture

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;e desire independent protection !"yers< *itoutcommon=c"use f"i!ures = Sep"r"te systems

sensors

SIS system

i/o i/o


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>TILITIES SYSTEM

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;"ter Tre"tment

%hen the water cut is high, there will

&e a huge amount of produced water. ; water cut of )0= gives a waterproduction of a&out )000m( per day#) million liters$ that must &e cleaned&efore discharge to sea.

!ften this water contains sand

particles &ound to the oil/wateremulsion.

The environmental regulations limitsoil in water discharged to sea to )0mg/liter #ppm$.

t also places limits other forms ofcontaminants.

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;"ter Systems

Pota&le %ater

-or larger facilities, pota&le water is provided on site&y desalination of seawater thoughdistillation/reverse osmosis.

"eawater

"eawater is used for cooling purposes to ;irompressor oolers, as oolers, >ain eneratorsand ?;.

;lso used for production of hypochlorite and for -ire%ater.

"eawater is treated with hypochlorite to preventmicro&iological growth in process e@uipment andpiping.

allast %ater

allast systems are found on drilling rigs, floatingproduction ships and rigs as well as T8P #tension legplatforms$. The o&Aect is to Beep the platform leveland at a certain depth under varying conditions.

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Po*er (ener"tion "nd Distri%ution

Power can &e provided from mains power orfrom local diesel generator sets. 8arge facilitieshave great power demands, from (0 >% andupwards.

There is a tendency to generate electric powercentrally and use electric drives for largee@uipment rather than multiple gas tur&ines, asthis decreases maintenance and increasesuptime.

The power generation system on a large facilityis usually several gas tur&ines diving electricgenerators, 20')0 >% each.

; power management system is used for

control of electrical switchgear and [email protected] function is to optimiCe electricity generationand usage and to prevent maAor distur&ances Dplant outages #&lacBouts$.

There are also platform without powersupplies<

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8!"re "nd Atmosperic ?enti!"tion

The purpose of the -lare and?ent "ystems is to providesafe discharge and disposalof gases and li@uids

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8!"re System

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;ccumulation of gas/li@uid from+

: "pill'off flaring from the product

sta&ilisation system. #!il,

ondensate etc.$.

: Production testing

: elief of e9cess pressure caused

&y process upset conditions and

thermal e9pansion.

: 7epressurisation either in

response to an emergencysituation or as part of a normal

procedure.

: Planned depressurisation of

su&sea production flowlines and

e9port pipelines


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@?AC

The eat, ?entilation and ;ir'onditioning system #?;$ feedsconditioned air to the e@uipment rooms, accommodations etc.

ooling and heating is achieved &y way of water cooled or water/steamheated heat e9changers.

eat may also &e taBen off gas tur&ine e9haust. n tropic and su&'tropic

areas, the cooling is achieved &y compressor refrigeration units. ;lso, intropical areas gas tur&ine inlet air must &e cooled to achieve sufficientefficiency and performance.

The ?; system is usually delivered as one pacBage, and may alsoinclude air emissions cleaning.

"ome ?; su&systems include+

: ool+ ooling >edium, efrigeration "ystem, -reeCing "ystem

: eat+ eat medium system, ot !il "ystem.

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Cemic"!s "nd Additi)es

; wide range of chemical additives are used in the main process.

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Cemic"!s 8unctions

Sc"!e ini%itor The scale inhi&itor will prevent the contaminants fromseparating out. "cale or sediment inhi&itor is added onwellheads and production e@uipment.

Emu!sion %re"#er ;n emulsion &reaBer is added to prevent formation of, and&reaB down of the emulsionlayer &y causing the droplets to merge and grow.

Antifo"m Polyelectrolyte is added &efore the hydrocyclones andcauses oil droplets to merge.

Met"no! &ME(' >ethanol or >ono thylene lycol #>$ is inAected

inflowlines to prevent ydrate formation and preventcorrosion.

TE( Tri thylene lycol #T$ is used to dry gas.

Corrosion Ini%itor inAected in the e9port pipelines and storage tanBs to preventcorrosion


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Te!ecommunic"tion Systems

Pu&lic ;ddress D ;larm "ystem/-D ntegration

7rillers talB &acB "ystem

- adio *etworB "ystem

losed ircuit T? "ystem

>andatory adio "ystem

"ecurity ;ccess ontrol

>eteorological "ystem/"ea %ave adar

Telecom ;ntenna Tower and ;ntennas

P;E Telephone "ystem

>arine adar D ?essel >ovement "ystem

!ffice 7ata *etworB and omputer "ystem

Personnel Paging "ystem

Platform Personnel egistration and TracBing "ystem

Telecom >aintenance and >onitoring "ystem

"hip ommunication "ystem/P;E 9tension

adio 8inB acBup "ystem

>u9 and -i&er optical Terminal @uipment

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1c Process Operation System

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