• It provides shelter to mankind• Various components of building:

Slabs ,beams, columns etc.

Classification of building

• Based on occupancy

• Based on fire resistance capacity

• Based on height of building

• Based on mode of load transfer

• Based on material.

Residential buildings in which sleeping accomodation is provided for normal

residential purposes,with or with out cooking. private dwellings, dormitories, apartments or flats, hotels etc.

Assembly buildings groups of people assemble or gather for amusement,

recreation, social, religious ,patriotic etc.eg Cinema halls, Restaurants

Business building Used for transaction of business Used for keeping accounts and records

Eg : Shops,Departmental stores etc.Office Buildings Administration, clerical work, computer operating

Educational buildings For educational purpose

used for schools, college . Institutional buildings

used for medical or other treatments,care of infants,aged persons etc

Eg: hospital, jail, orphanages Industrial buildings

Products or materials of all kinds are fabricated ,manufactured,assembled etc.

Eg:- mills, diaries, laboratories, pumping stations etc. Mercantile buildings

Used as shops, stores , market.

Storage buildings used for storage or sheltering of goods.

Hazardous buildings Used for storage, handling, manufacture or

processes of :Highly explosive materials.Products which are liable to burn with extreme

rapidity Products which may produce poisonous fumes or

explosions.

Type I construction:- four hour fire resistant

Type II construction:- three hour fire resistant

Type III construction:- two hour fire resistant

Type IV construction:- one hour fire resistant

High rise building : building > 15m. Low rise building : building < 15m.

Load bearing masonry building loads are transferred

through the masonry wall.

Walls transfer load to the foundation.

Framed buildingcolumns and beams carry load and transfer to the foundation.

Earthen building Thatched building

Masonry buildingWooden building

RCC buildingSteel building

It consist of two

parts:

Super structure:-

above ground level

Substructure or

foundation:- below

ground level.

Plinth portion of the building below the ground floor

level and above the level of the ground. Doors

openings provided in walls of a building to connect the internal rooms.

Windows openings are provided in the outer walls of

building for the entry of light and air into the room.

Provided below the door level. Ventilators

openings provided in the outer walls for the escape of foul gases from rooms.

Provided on the top of the walls Walls

vertical components to divide the space into various rooms

Column isolated vertical load bearing member.

Lintels reinforced cement concrete structures provided

over the opening such as doors, windows .

Sunshade slab projecting from the external wall just above

the doors, windows ,ventilators etc are called sunshades.

Stairs structures used to climb from one floor to another. Height of a step – 15cm to 17cm Width of step varies from 25cm to 30cm.

Parapet structures constructed over the roof slab or

sunshade for better appearance of building Safe usage of roof surface.

Floors horizontal surfaces which divide a

building in to different levels and over which the occupants of the building move about.

Floors provided on the top of the buildings are called first floor, second floor etc

Flooring material like marble, tile, mosaic etc

Basement floors floors of room below the ground level.

Roofs topmost part of the building, which

covers enclosed by the wall.

Not be undulating because it will increase the cost of levelling.

Near to road .

Civic services like water supply, electric line, telephone lines,

drainage sewers should be near to site.

Not be a waterlogged area.

Adequate space to accommodate all the essential accessories

required in the building.

Not be located near workshop and factories.

Provide sufficient light and air to the building

Possess good soil at reasonable depth for reducing the cost of

foundation.

Selection of site for industrial building

Raw materials should be available from the nearby areas

Enough space for future expansion of industry

Suitable waste disposal plant must be available at reasonable distance.

There may not be any problem for labour and labourers should be available from near by area