“1994 was the first year without Lenin. The Communist Party and the Soviet people continued their...

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“1994 was the first year without Lenin. The Communist Party and the Soviet people continued their creative work of building socialism under Comrade Stalin’s leadership. Comrade Stalin rallied the Party around its Central Committee and mobilised for the struggle to build socialism in the USSR” Stalin 1947 Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3 Ruling alliance Opposition faction Key issues Industrialisatio n debate Future of the revolution Industrialisation debate Future of the revolution Industrialisation debate Future of the revolution Left opposition (Trotsky) Right opposition (Bukharin, Rykov & Tomsky) United opposition (Trotsky, Zinoviev & Kamenev) New Opposition (Zinoviev & Kamenev) Stalin Duumvirate (Bukharin & Stalin) Triumvirate (Zinoviev, Kamenev & Stalin)

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Transcript of “1994 was the first year without Lenin. The Communist Party and the Soviet people continued their...

Page 1: “1994 was the first year without Lenin. The Communist Party and the Soviet people continued their creative work of building socialism under Comrade Stalin’s.

“1994 was the first year without Lenin. The Communist Party and the Soviet people continued their creative work of building socialism under Comrade Stalin’s leadership. Comrade Stalin rallied the Party around its Central Committee and mobilised for the struggle to build socialism in

the USSR” Stalin 1947

Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3

Ruling alliance

Opposition faction

Key issues Industrialisation debateFuture of the revolution

Industrialisation debate

Future of the revolution

Industrialisation debate

Future of the revolution

Left opposition (Trotsky)

Right opposition (Bukharin, Rykov & Tomsky)

United opposition (Trotsky, Zinoviev & Kamenev)

New Opposition (Zinoviev & Kamenev)

Stalin Duumvirate (Bukharin & Stalin)

Triumvirate (Zinoviev, Kamenev & Stalin)

Page 2: “1994 was the first year without Lenin. The Communist Party and the Soviet people continued their creative work of building socialism under Comrade Stalin’s.

Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3

Ruling alliance Triumvirate (Zinoviev, Kamenev & Stalin)

Duumvirate (Bukharin & Stalin)

Stalin

Opposition faction Left opposition (Trotsky) New Opposition (Zinoviev & Kamenev)

United opposition (Trotsky, Zinoviev & Kamenev)

Right opposition (Bukharin, Rykov & Tomsky)

Key issues Industrialisation debate

Future of the revolution

Industrialisation debate

Future of the revolution

Industrialisation debate

Future of the revolution

Page 3: “1994 was the first year without Lenin. The Communist Party and the Soviet people continued their creative work of building socialism under Comrade Stalin’s.

Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3

Ruling alliance Triumvirate (Zinoviev, Kamenev & Stalin)

Duumvirate (Bukharin & Stalin)

Stalin

Opposition faction Left opposition (Trotsky) New Opposition (Zinoviev & Kamenev)

United opposition (Trotsky, Zinoviev & Kamenev)

Right opposition (Bukharin, Rykov & Tomsky)

Key issues Industrialisation debate

Future of the revolution

Industrialisation debate

Future of the revolution

Industrialisation debate

Future of the revolution

To what extent did Stalin use the same methods to destroy all his opponents? E.g. Ideological methods, manipulation of the party machine, devious tactics. How far do you agree that Stalin’s ability to manipulate the Party machine was the key to his success in the leadership struggle?

Page 4: “1994 was the first year without Lenin. The Communist Party and the Soviet people continued their creative work of building socialism under Comrade Stalin’s.

Stalin in power

The Revolution from above1928 - 41

What do you know about Stalin and the USSR during his time in power?

Page 5: “1994 was the first year without Lenin. The Communist Party and the Soviet people continued their creative work of building socialism under Comrade Stalin’s.

Stalin’s aims 1928 -1953: What did he want to achieve? What drove him? Was he successful?

• Modernise Soviet society & economy - creating a truly Communist and prosperous society

• Ensure the national security of the USSR (After the death of Lenin Stalin had called for ‘Socialism in One Country’ )

• Maintain his position as leader

Page 6: “1994 was the first year without Lenin. The Communist Party and the Soviet people continued their creative work of building socialism under Comrade Stalin’s.

What were Stalin’s main policies 1928 - 53?

• Collectivisation• The Five Year Plans• The Cultural Revolution (inc. the cult of personality

& policies towards women, religion, education & young people)

• The Purges• Leading USSR during ‘The Great Patriotic War’

(1941-45)

Page 7: “1994 was the first year without Lenin. The Communist Party and the Soviet people continued their creative work of building socialism under Comrade Stalin’s.

“Building socialism in the countryside.”

What economic problems were created by the NEP in the late 1920s?

Why did Stalin launch his collectivisation policy?

How far did collectivisation change over time?

How far did collectivisation meets its aims?

Page 8: “1994 was the first year without Lenin. The Communist Party and the Soviet people continued their creative work of building socialism under Comrade Stalin’s.

What economic problems were created by the NEP in the late 1920s?

• Using the source handout answer the question above.

Page 9: “1994 was the first year without Lenin. The Communist Party and the Soviet people continued their creative work of building socialism under Comrade Stalin’s.

Why did Stalin launch his collectivisation policy?Economic Aims

Ideological aims

Political aims

Grain procurement crisis 1927-9

Page 10: “1994 was the first year without Lenin. The Communist Party and the Soviet people continued their creative work of building socialism under Comrade Stalin’s.

What form did collectivisation take?How far did collectivisation change over time?

Radical policy

Radical policy reversed

Radical policy reintroduced

Page 11: “1994 was the first year without Lenin. The Communist Party and the Soviet people continued their creative work of building socialism under Comrade Stalin’s.

Emergency measures

Twenty –five

thousanders

“dekulakisation” -

Liquidation of the Kulaks

Forced collectivis

ation

Impact of forced

collectivisation ---> The

Party retreats/

“Dizzy with Success” --->

Policy suspended.

Collectivisation

resumesFamine

Page 12: “1994 was the first year without Lenin. The Communist Party and the Soviet people continued their creative work of building socialism under Comrade Stalin’s.

The collectivisation campaign in the USSR, 1930s. The slogan reads: "We kolkhoz farmers, on the basis of complete collectivisation, will liquidate the kulaks as a class." (THINK: Who is likely to have organised such a demonstration?)

Page 13: “1994 was the first year without Lenin. The Communist Party and the Soviet people continued their creative work of building socialism under Comrade Stalin’s.
Page 14: “1994 was the first year without Lenin. The Communist Party and the Soviet people continued their creative work of building socialism under Comrade Stalin’s.
Page 15: “1994 was the first year without Lenin. The Communist Party and the Soviet people continued their creative work of building socialism under Comrade Stalin’s.

What impact did collectivisation have?Positive Negative

Rural areas

Industrialisation + urbanisation

Political consequences.

Page 16: “1994 was the first year without Lenin. The Communist Party and the Soviet people continued their creative work of building socialism under Comrade Stalin’s.

Year

Number ofcollective

farms

Percent of farmsteads

in collective farms

Percent of sown areain collective use

1927 14,800 0.8 –

1928 33,300 1.7 2.3

1929 57,000 3.9 4.9

1930 85,900 23.6 33.6

1931 211,100 52.7 67.8

1932 211,100 61.5 77.7

1933 224,500 65.6 83.1

1934 233,300 71.4 87.4

1935 249,400 83.2 94.1

1936 – 90.5 98.2

1937 243,700 93.0 99.1

1938 242,400 93.5 99.8

1939 235,300 95.6 –

1940 236,900 96.9 99.8

PRODUCTION:

Grain1928 = 73.3 million tons1934 = 67.6 million tons

Cattle1929 = 70.5 million 1934 = 42.4 million

Pigs1928 = 26 million

1934 = 22.6 million

Sheep and goats1928 = 146.7 million1934 = 51.9 million

Page 17: “1994 was the first year without Lenin. The Communist Party and the Soviet people continued their creative work of building socialism under Comrade Stalin’s.

How far did collectivisation meets its aims?Successes Failures

Economic Aims

Ideological aims

Political aims

Page 18: “1994 was the first year without Lenin. The Communist Party and the Soviet people continued their creative work of building socialism under Comrade Stalin’s.

HOW FAR IS IT ACCURATE TO DESCRIBE STALIN’S POLICY OF COLLECTIVISATION AS A FAILURE? (30 MARKS)

Page 19: “1994 was the first year without Lenin. The Communist Party and the Soviet people continued their creative work of building socialism under Comrade Stalin’s.

CONSEQUENCES?• 10,000,000 people exiled. • Those who remained endured hardship.

Unrealistic targets. Anger and resentment towards the government. This led to a DROP in productivity.

• The Kulaks were hard-working/successful, but had been exiled. Production fell.

• 1933 harvest was 9,000,000 tonnes less than that of 1926.

• Few farms acquired machinery. (too expensive).• BUT......by 1941 all farms were collective.

Page 20: “1994 was the first year without Lenin. The Communist Party and the Soviet people continued their creative work of building socialism under Comrade Stalin’s.

INDUSTRIALISATION?• Aim: to provide grain to export to raise funds

for industrialisation. • SUCCESS: more exported.• Standard of living fell for industrial workers. • FAILURE: urban workers no better off.• Unity between the peasants and workers?• FAILURE: urban workers (propaganda) anger at

peasants.• Growth of urban areas• SUCCESS: Urban population in cities grew.

Page 21: “1994 was the first year without Lenin. The Communist Party and the Soviet people continued their creative work of building socialism under Comrade Stalin’s.

POLITICAL CONSEQUENCES

• Surprisingly, the chaos united the Party behind their leader!

• Kulaks and peasants blamed for problems.• Many even supported the hard line against the

peasants.• Stalin achieved his personal ambition...Russia

was urbanised and grain procured was sold abroad.

• BUT collectivisation was ruthless.


Stalin’s economic policies

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Comrade Trustee Services Limited

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Working Papers of the Center for Global Politics · leader Stalin’s decision to place the corpse of Vladimir Lenin on public display after Lenin’s death in 1924 (Rutland, 2011:365),

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UNDER THE BANNER OF LENIN: THE IMAGE OF LENIN AS A ... · by the propaganda apparatus. A major theme of Stalinist propaganda was Stalin’s ideological lineage from Vladimir Lenin,

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Stalin and Russia Stalin’s rise to power The Purges Stalin’s Economic Policies.

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Troublesome Aspects of Unit 4: Russia Source: Comrade Lenin Sweeps the Globe Clean, 1920 Mikhail Cheremnykh and Victor Deni Adrian Jones, Danielle Vida.

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Terms 1. Lenin 2. Stalin 3. Trotsky 4. Five Year Plans 5. command economy What did Stalin’s Soviet Union look like? Terms 6. collective farms 7. Kulaks.

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HISTORY @ IB IB HISTORY. Higher and Standard Single Party States Lenin and Stalin’s Russia Tsarist Russia 1894 – 1917 Tsarist Russia 1894 – 1917 The Russian.

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