1990s hypothesis Computer networks can improve the quality of life in developing nations at a...
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![Page 1: 1990s hypothesis Computer networks can improve the quality of life in developing nations at a relatively low cost Marginal impact increased by a lack of.](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042821/56649d385503460f94a1212c/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
1990s hypothesis
• Computer networks can improve the quality of life in developing nations at a relatively low cost
• Marginal impact increased by a lack of alternative ICT and transportation
• Raising the quality of rural life will reduce pressure for urban migration
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We have done
• Training
• ICT readiness assessments
• Pilot projects
• Conferences and workshops
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Training
• Internet Society/World Bank Developing Nations Workshops
• trained over 2,500 networking pioneers from every developing nation but North Korea.
• Cisco Networking Academy: over 10,000 academies in 155 countries
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E-readiness assessments
• 10 statistical/questionnaire methodologies• 8 case study methodologies• 137 nations have been assessed at least
once• 55 nations have been assessed at least 5
times• 10 nations have been assessed at least 10
times
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Mosaic dimensions
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Successful Applications
• Education
• Health care
• E-commerce
• Democracy and human rights
• E-government
• News and entertainment
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Many successful pilots
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E-government
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Entertainment and connection to the outside world
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N-Logue rural Kiosk
• Remote medicine• Remote veterinary• Remote agricultural
advice• E-government• E-mail• digital photography• desktop publishing• Telephony• Break even at
$75/mo.
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E-choupal home page
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E-choupal services
• Login• Weather• Crop best practices• Market related information• Agricultural queries• Suggestion box• Farmer profile• Government schemes• News
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Cuban Youth Computer Clubs
• 350 YCCs• Geographically
dispersed• Education• Games• Email• News
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YCC mobile unit
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YCC mobile unit
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Where are we?
• Many applications have been demonstrated.
• The Internet is on the “radar screen”
• But the digital divide persists
• Capital is not available
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The “digital divide” persists
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Internet subscribers, 2005
Income Population Subscribers Per 100
Low 2,338 37,408 1.6
Lower middle
2,430 150,660 6.2
Upper middle
576 120,384 20.9
High 1,001 366,366 36.6
World 6,345 951,750 15
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Cannot attract private capital• Cost of 20 hours access as percent of
average monthly GNI per capita (2003)
Low income nations 258.3
Lower middle income 32.2
Upper middle income 13.3
High income 1.7
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VSAT– the only way to connect most rural areas
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A grand challenge
Connecting the approximately three billion people residing in three million rural villages of the developing nations within ten years.
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Grand challenges
• I believe that this nation should commit itself to achieving the goal, before this decade is out, of landing a man on the moon and returning him safely to Earth.
John F. Kennedy, 1961 • That's one small step for a man, one giant
leap for mankind. Neil Armstrong, 1969
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An unconnected nation
• No national backbone network • No residential connectivity• No commercial application• Character-oriented email and news primary
applications• Connectivity only in a few universities
• The US in 1989
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Fiber Backbone, Mesh, POPs
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FiberAfrica
• 70,000 Km fiber core• 30,000 Km fiber spurs• Wireless to fiber• Reach 400 million• Walking/bicycling distance• 1 billion dollars
Daunting, but with precedents
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Cost context, $billion
• Manhattan project: 1.889• US Interstate Highway system: 128.9• Apollo program: 25.4• GPS: 8.3 through 1995, 21.8 to complete• Baseball stadium: .581• B2 bomber: 2.2• US pet food: 10 per year• G8 African pledge: 25 per year (new)