1986 to 1995
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Transcript of 1986 to 1995
1986 to 1995In Canadian History
The Post War Decades
JUNE 2014
SHARON SAVANNAH FELIX CHRIS MERLYNCHC2DG MR. MACKINLAY
1985INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS
THE SHAMROCK SUMMIT- Prime Minister Brain Mulroney and President Ronald Reagan
- Relations between the two governments
- Free trade
- Military Defence Programs
- “When Irish Eyes Are Smiling”
1986
TRIVIA- May 2nd: Expo ‘86 Vancouver- The Canadian dollar hit an all-time low of 70.2¢ U.S. on
international money markets, January 31- October 6th: United Nations award for sheltering world refugees - Canadian John Polanyi shared the Nobel Prize for Chemistry
INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS
CHALLENGING THE APARTHEID- Total sanctions against South Africa due to the apartheid
(previous warnings in September 1985)- Brian Mulroney seen as a world leader - By the end of the 1980s the US and Great Britain had agreed
to the sanctions
1986
INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS
caribcan- Canadian government programme- Promote trade, investment, and provide industrial
cooperation
INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS
Going against reagan- Canada accepts refugees from Nicaragua, El Salvador,
and Guatemala - Reagan Doctrine, conflicts risen from the Cold War
1987INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS
Going against reaganBrian mulroneyPOLITICIANS
Highlights as Prime Minister- Canada-U.S. Free Trade Agreement (1988)- North American Free Trade Agreement (1992)- Canada Multiculturalism Act (1988)- Canadian participation in Gulf War (1991)- Goods and Service Tax (1991)- Nunavut Settlement Agreement (1993)
- Elected Leader of the Progressive Conservative Party in 1983- First Conservative leader from Québec - Meech Lake Accord (1987), Charlottetown Accord (1992) were defeated- 1993: resigned and returned to Montreal to practice law
1987Going against reaganMEECH LAKE ACCORD
INTERNAL POLITICS
- Bring Quebec into the Constitution- All Premiers agreed, but Accord had to be passed in Legislature within 3 years- Newfoundland change of premiers, didn’t support- Manitoba Elijah Harper delayed past expiry date- Mixed reviews
ELIJAH HARPERMINORITY AND NATIVE CANADIAN LEADERS
- First Aboriginal Member of Legislative Assembly in Manitoba- Served as Minister of Northern Affairs- Refused to accept the constitutional amendment of Meech Lake- Harper also opposed Charlottetown Accord in 1992
1987Going against reagan
INTERNAL POLITICS
GEORGES ERASMUSMINORITY AND NATIVE CANADIAN LEADERS
Reform party INTERNAL POLITICS
BREAKTHROUGHS, DISCOVERIES, INVENTIONS
NEWTSUIT
- National Chief of the Assembly of First Nations- Appointed to the Order of Canada as a member in 1987- President of the Dene Nation- Was National Chief of AFN during the Oka Crisis
- atmospheric diving suit designed and originally built by Phil Nuytten- ocean drilling rigs, pipelines, salvage jobs, photographic surveys
- Reform Party in the west, Slogan was “the West wants in”, believed Ottawa ignored needs of Western Provinces
1988TRIVIA
- The Winter Olympics in Calgary opened on February 13
ECONOMIC CONDITIONS AND AGREEMENTS
CUFTA- Canada and Free trade agreement - Eliminate tariffs- Solution to settle disputes- Investment and Energy- Agriculture- Liberal, NDP and Labour unions against it
1988
TRIVIA
ECONOMIC CONDITIONS AND AGREEMENTS
ARCTIC COOPERATION
SPORTS FIGURESBEN JOHNSON- 1984: two time medalist for sprinting- World record of 9.79 seconds for 100m- Tested positive for drug use- Questioned drug use in sports
- Agreement allowing Icebreakers into Canadian Arctic- ‘Undertaken with the consent of the Government ofCanada’
1989- Develops anti-virus medication- Important component in HIV/AIDS treatment
BREAKTHROUGHS, DISCOVERIES, INVENTIONS
LAMIVUDINE
- Worked on child welfare and aboriginal Self-governance projects- First representative of Yukon in House of Commons- Voted against Meech Lake Accord- First female leader of Federal Political Party
PROMINENT WOMEN
AUDREY MCLAUGHLIN
1989
ECONOMIC CONDITIONS AND AGREEMENTS
APEC
INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS
THE TIANAMEN SQUARE MASSACRE - Student protest for pro-democracy government- Chinese government dispatches military, results in thousands of deaths - Mulroney canceled minor trade agreements- Relationship with China remains the same
- Canada becomes founding member of APEC- Focuses on business in Asia-Pacific region- Working to raise living standards
1989
BREAKTHROUGHS, DISCOVERIES, INVENTIONS
ACTAR 911
MONTREAL MASSACREPUBLIC POLICIES
- Legally armed student shoots 28 people- Raises awareness of violence against women and child welfare- Cause attributed to violence in media, poverty, abuse- Gun laws become stricter
- First Actar 911, CPR Mannequin- Helps teach basics of CPR- Dianne Croteau: Studio Innova
trivia- Canadian one-dollar bills were replaced with the new one-dollar coin, popularly named the 'Loonie' because of the engraving of a loon on the 'tail' side
1990SPORTS FIGURESKURT BROWNING
MILITARY OPERATIONS AND AGREEMENTS
THE OKA CRISIS
ROYAL COMMISSION ON ABORIGINAL PEOPLES PUBLIC POLICIES
- Season 1990-1991 wins 1st place medal at Figure Skating Worlds Championships for the third time in a row- Four-time Canadian National Champion
- Dispute between First Nations and Canadian Government- Golf course built on a burial ground- Aboriginals protest expansion of course- Contributes to Royal Commision on Aboriginal Peoples
- Commission established with Aboriginal input- Focuses on Aboriginal Self-Government- Compensation for poor treatment
1990
MILITARY OPERATIONS AND AGREEMENTS
THE GULF WAR
PC PARTYINTERNAL POLITICS
- PC broke into three parts, due to regional disputes
- Saddam Hussein invades Kuwait- UN action authorizes force- Multinational force formed- Canada mainly patrolled
trivia- Bob Rae upset David Peterson with a surprising majority and became Ontario's
first NDP (New Democratic Party) Premier in September- The government finally and officially announced that Canada was in recession
1991BLOC QUEBECOIS
INTERNAL POLITICS
JAMES GOSLINGINVENTORS
- Bloc Quebecois Party formed - Bloc Quebecois formed by Lucien Bouchard, became dissatisfied with Conservative government, resigned and with other Quebec MPs form Bloc Quebecois- Same aim as provincial Parti Quebecois, sovereignty of Quebec as a nation separate from Canada
- JAVA
1991GST PUBLIC POLICIES
trivia
- Originally had Manufacturer sales tax- Various problems- Introduced GST- Poor reception from the public
- David Schindler, of the University of Alberta, won the first international Stockholm Water Prize for environmental research- First Native allowed to swear native oath, instead of Bible
1992
MIKE LAZARIDISINVENTORS
BREAKTHROUGHS, DISCOVERIES, INVENTIONS
OTTAWA ANKLE RULES
SPORTING VICTORIES
TORONTO BLUE JAYS- Toronto Blue Jays won the World Series- Won again in 1993- Milestone for Canadian baseball
- Develops Research in Motion- Revolutionizes communication- Developed Blackberry
- Ian Stiell creates guidelines to determine a broken foot or ankle- Reduces use of X-rays, saves money and time
1992TORONTO BLUE JAYSCharlottetown accord
INTERNAL POLITICS
INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS
Genocide in yugoslavia
trivia
- Same objectives as Meech Lake - Additions to Constitutions- Like the first, it fails
- First NATO-led, UN-Organized peacekeeping mission- Between Serbians and Bosnians/Croats- 16,000 Canadian peacekeepers- Could be considered a failure
- Roberta Bondar became Canada's first female astronaut in space- Ontario lawyers voted in January to no-longer be required to swear an oath to the Queen
1993TORONTO BLUE JAYS
trivia
POLITAL CHANGE INTERNAL POLITICS
Kim CampbellPOLITICIANS
PROMINENT WOMENKim campbell
- Mulroney resigns after failure in Charlottetown Accord- Campbell succeeded by Liberal, Jean Chretien- Bloc Quebecois is Official Opposition
- First female prime minister of Canada- Studied in Law School- Was Cabinet member under Brian Mulroney- First women to serve as Minister of Justice and Attorney General
1993SPORTING VICTORIES
MILITARY OPERATIONS AND AGREEMENTS
THE SOMALIA AFFAIR
FIGURE SKATING RECORD
trivia
- Best Olympic Skating world championships since 1962- Kurt Browning (Gold Medalist)- Elvis Stojko (Silver Medalist)- Isabelle Brasseur/Lloyd Eisler (Gold Medalists)
- Military Scandal dubbed, “Canada’s Military Shame”- Acts of the Canadian Airborne Regiment, CAR disbanded- Damaged Canadian soldiers morales
- The Nunavut Settlement Agreement with the Inuit set into motion the plans to divide the Northwest Territories to form a third territory, Nunavut
1994SPORTING VICTORIES
TORONTO BLUE JAYSSPORTING VICTORIES
FIGURE SKATING RECORDECONOMIC CONDITIONS AND AGREEMENTS
nafta- Agreement between Mexico, United States and Canada- Aimed to eliminate tariffs- Canada did not want to lose the US to Mexico- Created a trading bloc of 390 Million North Americans
1995Québec referendum
INTERNAL POLITICS
BREAKTHROUGHS, DISCOVERIES, INVENTIONS
Canadarm redesigned
trivia
- Separatism in French Canadians grew after failure in Accords- Parti Quebecois holds referendum on Quebec’s Independence- Parizeau resigns day after
- Robotic Arms used on Space Shuttle- Original Canadarm capable of deploying or retrieving 733 lb in space- Redesigned in 1995 allowing up to 7,260 lb movement
- The Québec Cree and Inuit peoples held their own referendum and rejected separation from Canada