1984 Preguntas Largas

7/29/2019 1984 Preguntas Largas

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1984 completo

Book One, Chapters 1-21. What bothers Winston?his varicose ulcer above his right ankle.2. What is wrong with his society?the Thought Police are always watching them

3. What are the three slogans of the Inner Party?War is Peace,Freedom is Slavery,Ignorance is Strength4. What are the four ministries?Ministries of Truth, Plenty, Love, and Peace.5. What items are written in italics?doublethink, the book, Thought crime and vaporized6. How does the Two Minute Hate work?its where the party gathers and listens to thetelescreen and Goldstein is talking and they talk about whats going on in the Party and things thathave changed.7. What happens to Winston during the chant?during the chant Winston joins in with thecrowd8. What happens between OBrien and Winston?during the two minute hate they makeeye contact and Winston feels like O'Brien is on the same level as him.9. During the film (p. 11), how did the audience react?the audience gives hisses and agirl gave a squeak of mingled fear and disgust.

10. What is "thought crime"?the essential crime that contained all others in itself11. What are the Thought Police?the police of Oceania and mainly the police of the Party12. Who are the Parsons and what do they represent?they are Winston's neighbors13. How do the Parsons children behave?the children behave like spies and they runaround Winston yelling criminal because they think he's a traitor and they're threatening him tovaporize him14. What is Winston's dream about OBrien?Winston dreams about walking through a pitchdark room and someone sitting to one side of him and said as he had passes:"We shall meet in theplace where there is no darkness." it was said very quietly, almost casually-a statement, not acommand. he had walked on without pausing.15. What is announced on the news? (p. 25) "Attention! Your attention, please! Anewsflash has this moment arrived from the Malabar front. Our forces in South India have won aglorious victory. i am authorized to say that the action we are now reporting may well bring the warwithin measurable distance of its end.-Here is the newsflash-"

Book One, Chapters 3-41. What is Winstons dream about his mother? How does he feel about himself in thatdream?his dream was about his mother sitting in some place deep down beneath him, with his littlesister in her arms, which he didn't remember at all. they were down in a some kind of subterraneanplace-in a sinking ship, looking up at him through the darkening water. there was still air in the saloon,they could still see him and he could see them, but they were still sinking and soon he wouldn't beable to see them. they were down there because he was up here. they had to die for him to stay alive.it struck Winston that his mothers death, nearly thirty years ago, had been tragic and sorrowful in away that was no longer possible.2. What is his dream about the "Golden Country"?he was standing on a springy turf, on a

summer evening when the rays of the sun gilded the ground. the landscape that he was looking atrecurred so often that his dreams that he was never fully certain whether or not he had seen it in thereal world. he called this the golden country. the dream was about him at this place and there was agirl with dark hair and every movement she took off her clothes and her body was white but he wasnot desired to it.what overwhelmed him was admiration for the gesture with which she had thrown herclothes off, with its grace and carelessness it seemed to destroy a whole culture, system of thought,as though Big Brother and the Party and the Though Police could all be swept to nothingness.3. What does he remember about the big events of the past? Bombs? Past Wars?heremembered the details of incidents without being able to recapture their atmosphere, and there werelong blank periods to which you could assign nothing.everything had been different then. he couldn'tremember a time when his country wasn't at war, but it was evident that there was a time of peaceduring his childhood, because 1 of his earliest memories was an air raid, perhaps it was the time whenthe atomic bomb had fallen on Colchester. he didn't remember it exactly but he remembered his dads

hand clutching his own as they went into a basement type structure. in there was an old man whokept saying to not have trusted the buggers, and Winston thought they took his granddaughter.


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4. Explain the Party slogan, "Who controls the past controls the future; who controls thepresent controls the past."Control of the past ensures control of the future, because the past can betreated essentially as a set of conditions that justify or encourage future goals: if the past was ideal,then people will act to re-create it; if the past was scary, then people will act to prevent such thingswhich it claims to have liberated the human race, thus compelling people to work toward the Partysgoals. The Party has complete political power in the present, enabling it to control the way in which its

subjects think about and interpret the past: every history book reflects Party ideology, and individualsare forbidden from keeping mementos of their own pasts, such as photographs and documents. As aresult, the citizens of Oceania have a very short, fuzzy memory, and are willing to believe anythingthat the Party tells them.5. What does he know about the legends concerning Big Brother?Big Brother was figuredas the leader and guardian of the Revolution since its very earliest days. his exploits had beengradually pushed backwards in time until already they extended into the fabulous world of the fortiesand thirties, when the capiltilista in their strange cylindrical hats still rode through the streets ofLondon in great gleaming motor cars or carriages with glass sides. there was no knowing how much ofthis legend was true and how much was invented.6. Describe Winstons job.in the walls of the cubicle there were 3 orifices. to the right ofthe speakwire, a small pneumatic tube for written messages; to the left, a larger one for newspapaers;and in the side wall, within easy reach, oblong slits protected by wire grating, for the disposal of waste

paper, called memory holes. if it needed to be destructed you had to slip it into the memory hole.7. How is the past controlled?the past is controlled by the workers, they dialed "backnumbers" on the telescreen and called for the appropiate issues of the times, which slid out of thetube and then the workers had to alter them.then when finished, put the article in the tube and sent itback then put the original message and any notes into the memory holes.8. What special literature, music, and entertainment is produced for the proletariat(proles)?produced was rubbishy newspapers, containing almost nothing except sport, crime, andastrology, sensational 5 cent noveltees, films oozing with sex, and sentimental songs which werecomposed entirely by mechanical means on a special kind of kaleidoscope known as a versicator.9. How does Winston feel about his work? What sort of "creativity" is involved?Winston'sgreatest pleasure in life was his work most of it was tedious routine, but included in it there were alsojobs so difficult and intricate that you could lose yourself in them as in the depths of a mathematicalproblem. he was good at this kind of thing.10. What is the significance of Comrade Ogilvy?he had recently died in battle and therewere occasions when big brother devoted his order for the day to commemorating some humble, rankand file Party member whose life and death he held up as an example worthy to be followed. today heshould commemorate Comrade Ogilvy. it was true that there was no such person as he, but a fewlines of print and a couple of faked photographs would soon bring him into existence.

Book One, Chapters 5-71. What is the problem with obtaining razor blades?there had been a famine of them formonths past. at any given moment there was some necessary article which the Party shops wereunable to supply.2. What is revealed about Inner Party philosophy in the discussion between Winston andSyme?whats revealed is that Syme tells Winston about how the dictionary is decreasing year by year

and Newspeak is the future language of the world.3. Why does Winston feel that Syme will be vaporized?he will be vaporized because he istoo intelligent and he sees too clearly and speaks to plainly. the party does not like such people. oneday he will disappear, its in his face.4. Parsons brags about his children for doing what?he brags about his little girl how shewas on a hike with her troop and followed a man with two other girls and kept on his tail for 2 hoursand handed him over to the patrols. she spotted him wearing unusual clothes and he brags about herbeing smart for a nipper.

5. What is the significance of the telescreen announcement? (p. 51)6. What are Winstons feelings about the present time after he hears the cheerfulannouncement on the telescreen?has it always been like this? had food always tasted like this? helooked around the canteen. described its nasty features and says how in your stomach there was aprotest, a feeling that you have been cheated out of that you ad the right to. tis true, he had no

memories of anything different. and it was like one's heart sickened at the discomfort and dirt andscarcity, the interminable winters, the stickiness of ones socks, the lifts that never worked, the cold


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water, the gritty soap, the cigarettes that came to pieces, the food with its strange evil tastes? whyshould one feel it to be intolerable unless one had some kind of ancestral memory that things hadonce been different?7. Winston predicts that certain people will be vaporized and that certain people willnever be vaporized. Who? Why?Mrs. parsons would be vaporized because of her wispy hair and dust inthe creases of her face. Syme would be vaporized. Winston would be vaporized. O'Brien would be

vaporized. Parsons would never be vaporized. the eyeless creature with the quacking voice wouldnever be vaporized. the little beetle like men who scuttled so nimbly through the labyrinthine corridorsof ministries-they too wouldn't e vaporized. and the girl with the dark hair, would never be vaporizedeither.8. What is the purpose of marriage in the state?the purpose of marriage was to begetchildren for the service of the Party. Sexually intercourse was to be looked on as a slightly disgustingminor operation, like having enema. this again was never put into plain words, but in an indirect was itwas rubbed into every Party member from childhood onwards. the party was trying to kill the sexinstinct.9. What do Winstons memories about visiting a prostitute reveal about his attitudestowards sex in Oceania?and what he wanted more even to be loved, was to break down that wall ofvirtue, even if it were only once in his whole life. the sexual act, successfully performed, wasrebellion.

10. How does Winston view the proles?says that if they could somehow become consciousof their own strength,would have no need to conspire. they needed to rise up and shake themselveslike a horse shaking off flies. if they chose they could blow the Party to pieces tomorrow morning.surely sooner or later it must occur to them to do it.11. How are the proles controlled (prole control)?to keep the proles in control was notdifficult. so long as they continued to work and breed, their other activities were without importance.left to themselves, like cattle turned loose upon the plains of Argentina, they had reverted to a style oflife that appeared to be natural to them, a sort of ancestral pattern.they were born, grew up in thegutters, went to work at twelve, passed through a brief period of beauty and sexual desire, married attwenty, middle aged at thirty, died at sixty. police moved among them occasionally and removedindividuals who were capable of being dangerous.12. What lies/half-truths does the Party teach about history?it might be true that theaverage human was better off now than before the revolution. the only evidence to the contrary wasyour own instinctive feeling. the telescreens would say that life now was better than before and wehave more than we ever had but for all we know it could be the total opposite but we will never knowbecause the past was erased.13. Winston suspects that the Party lies about progress made since the war. What Partyclaims does he doubt?for all he knew there might never have been any such law as the jus primaenoctis, or any such creature as a capitalist, or any such garment as a top hat. everything faded. thepast was erased, the erasure was forgotten, the life became truth.14. What is the story of Aaronson, Jones and Rutherford?these three men were the amongthe last survivors who were arrested in 1965. they vanished for a year or more. then they came backand confessed to many crimes and all had written long articles in the times telling the reasons fortheir defections and promising to make amends.15. Why is this story so meaningful for Winston?it is so meaningful to Winston because the

point was that at both trials all three men had confessed that on that date they had been on Eurasiansoil. how could they be at two places at once. the date had stuck in Winston's memory because itchanced to be midsummer day. but the whole story must be on record in countless other places aswell. there was only one possible conclusion:the confessions were lies.16. What is Winstons unanswered question?i understand HOW: i do not understand WHY.

Book One, Chapter 81. Why does Winston go off on his own? What activities is he missing out on?he came outof the ministry because the balminess of the April air had tempted hi. the sky was a warmer blue thanhe had seen in that year, and he was missing out on the long noise evening at the center, the boring,exhausting games, the lectures, creaking camaraderie oiled by gin which was intolerable.2. What is life like in the proles end of London? in the proles they have cobbled streets oflittle 2 story houses with battered doorways which gave straight on the pavement and which were

somehow curiously suggestive of rat holes. puddles of filthy water here and there. in and out of thedark doorways, and down narrow alleyways that branched off on either side, people swarmed in


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astonishing numbers-girls in full bloom, with lipstick and youths who chased the girls and swollenwaddling women who showed what the girls would look like in ten years.ragged barefoot children whoplayed in the filthy puddles which scattered at the yells of their mothers. lot of windows in the streetwere broken and boarded up.3. What does Winston think about after his conversation with the old man in the pub?"was life better before the revolution than it is now?" would have ceased once and for all to be

answerable. but it effect it was unanswerable even now, since the few scatted survivors from theancient world were incapable of comparing one age with another. that remembered a million uselessthings, a quarrel with a workmate, a hunt for a lost bicycle pump, the expression on the long-deadsisters face, the swirls of dust on a windy morning seventy years ago; but all the relevant facts wereoutside the range of their vision. they were like the ant, which could see small objects but not largeones. and when their memory's failed and written documents were falsified-the claim of the party tohave improved the conditions of human life had got to be accepted, because there did not exist, andnever again could exist, any standard again being tested.4. What does Winston discover at Mr. Charringtons shop?a round, smooth thing thatgleamed softly in the lamplight, and he picked it up. it was a heavy lump of glass, curved on one side,flat on the other, making almost a hemisphere. there was a peculiar softness, as of rainwater, in boththe color and the texture of the glass. at the heart of it, magnified by the curved surface, there was astrange, pink, convoluted object that recalled a rose or a sea anemone(coral).

5. What is Mr. Charrington like?he was a man of perhaps 60, frail, bowed, with a long,benevolent nose, and mild eyes distorted by thick spectacles. his hair was almost white but hiseyebrows were bushy and still black. his spectacles, his gentle, fussy movements, and the fact that hewas wearing an aged jacket of black velvet, gave him a vague air of intellectuality, as thought he hadbeen some kind of literary man, or perhaps a musician. his voice was soft, as though faded, and hisaccent less debased than that of the majority of proles.6. What does Winston think when he sees the dark-haired girl outside Mr. Charringtonsshop?for an instance he was too paralyzed to move. then he turned to the right and walked heavilyaway, not noticing for the moment that he was going in the wrong direction. at any rate, one questionwas settled. there was no doubting that she was spying on him. she followed him here and probablywas at the pub.7. How does ones own body betray a person?8. Why does Winston wonder about church bells ringing in London? it was curious butwhen you said it to yourself you had the illusion of actually hearing bells, the bells of a lost Londonthat still existed somewhere or other, disguised and forgotten. From one ghostly steeple after anotherhe seemed to hear them pealing forth. yet so far as he could remember he had never in real life heardchurch bells ringing.

Book Two, Chapter 11. How does Winston react to the note from Julia before he reads it?he thought it musthave been some kind of political meaning. there were two possibilities. one of them was that she wasan agent of the thought police and the paper could've been a threat, a summons, an order to commitsuicide, a trap of some description. and the other was that she was from an underground organization.perhaps of the brotherhood. but he still thought it meant death.2. How does Winston react to the note after he reads it?for seconds after reading it he

was stunned and couldn't even throw it away. he had to read it again to make sure the word werereally there. the the sight of those words, the desire to stay alive had welled up in him, and the takingof minor risks suddenly seemed stupid. it was not till twenty three hours when he was in bed in thedark, safe from the telescreen and he was able to think continuously.3. How do they manage to meet?they manage to meet in the canteen and then arrangedto meet in Victory Square4. Describe the "parade" in Victory Square. Why does the Inner Party provide thespectacle for the proles? For the Outer Party members?everyone was running across the square andthey were headed because Eurasian prisoners was passing. a long line of trucks, with wooden facesguards armed with submachine guns standing upright in each corner, was passing slowly down thestreet. in the trucks little yellow men in shabby greenish uniforms were squatting, jammed closetogether. at the start there had been a few boos and hisses, but it came only from the party membersamong the crowd, and had soon stopped.

Book Two, Chapter 2


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1. Why is Winston ill at ease once he is alone with Julia?his was first relieved , but hewatched the strong slender body moving in front of him, with the scarlet sash that was just tightenough to bring out the curve of her hips, the sense of his own inferiority was heavy upon him.2. What does Julia bring with her that she has obtained on the black market?a slab of chocolate, dark and shiny, and wrapped in silver paper.3. What is Julias philosophy? (More about his in chapter 3)I'm good at games. i was a

troop leader in the Spies. i do voluntary work three evenings a week for the junior anti sex league.hours and hours I've spent pasting their bloody rot all over London. i always carry one end of a bannerin the processions. i always look cheerful and i never shirk anything. always yell with the crowd, thatswhat i say. its the only way to be safe.4. What familiar sign does Winston find?the place that their at is exactly like his dream ofthe "Golden Country"5. What is the significance of the thrush music?but by the degrees of the flood of musicdrove all speculations out of his mind. it was as though it were a kind of liquid stuff that poured allover him and got mixed up with the sunlight that filtered through the leaves. he stopped thinking andmerely felt. their mouths clung together; it was quited different from the hard kisses from earlier.when they moved their faces apart again both of them sighed deeply.6. What does Winston mean when he says that he loves Julia all the more because shehas had scores of sexual encounters?he means he loves it more because that means that more Party

members are committing crimes.7. Compare/contrast this to the situation in a related novel, Brave New World by AldousHuxley.

Book Two, Chapter 31. How and where do Julia and Winston meet?the belfry of a ruined church in an almost-deserted stretch of country where an atomic bomb had fallen 30 years earlier. it was a good hidingplace when you got there, but getting there was dangerous.2. What is Julias job?she worked on the novel writing machines in the fiction department.she enjoyed her work, which consisted chiefly in running and servicing a powerful but tricky electricmotor. she was "not clever", but was fond of using her hands and felt at home with machinery.3. What is her background?she had a grandfather who she remember always talkedabout the days before the revolution and he disappeared when she was 8. she was captain of thehockey team at school, and won gymnastics 2 years running. she was a troop leader in the Spies andhad a branch secretary in the youth league before joining the jr anti sex league. she had always bornean excellent character. she had even been picked to work in Pornosec, the sub-section of the fictiondepartment.she had her first love affair at age 16with a party member who committed suicide toavoid arrest.4. What is her attitude toward the Inner Party?she seemed to think that the inner partywanted to rob you of your pleasures as that you should wasn't to avoid being caught. she hated theparty, and said so in the crudest words, but she made no general criticism of it. except where ittouched upon her own life. she never heard of the brotherhood and refused to believe in its existence.any kind of organized revolt against the Party, which was bound to be a failure, struck her as stupid.5. Describe Winstons marriage.Winston's marriage was weird. his wifes body wouldstiffen as soon as he touched her, the way in which she still seemed to be pushing him from her with

all her strength, even when her arms were clasped tightly round him. he hated how she called makinglove "our duty to the party".6. What do Winston and Julia disagree about? when you make love you're using upenergy; and afterwards you feel happy and don't give a damn for anything. they cant bear you to feellike that. they want you to be bursting with energy all the time. all this marching up and won andcheering and waving flags is simply sex gone sour. if you're happy inside yourself, why should you getexcited about big brother and three year plans and the two minute hates and all the rest of the bloodyrot.

Book Two, Chapter 41. How does Winston react to the singing prole woman?he had said that the woman sangso tunefully as to turn the dreadful rubbish into an almost pleasant sound.2. What pleasures of the senses are mentioned in this chapter? What is Orwells point in

mentioning them? (Also, notice the difference between the dystopian society in Brave New World andthat in 1984 regarding gratification of the senses.)touch;hands meeting, hear; woman singing,


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smell;the aroma of the coffee and goodies, taste; the milk and coffee, sight; beauty of London andJulia. he mentioned this because he wanted us to imagine it.3. What is Winstons reaction to rats? Julias reaction?Winston hates them and Julia ismore calm about them.4. Winston is interested in the church bells that once played in the city even though he isnot religious. What do church bells mean to him? he thinks that they speak in their rhythm.

5. Winston sees the coral paper weight as a symbol of what?the paperweight was in theroom he was in, and the coral was Julia's life and his own, fixed i a sort of eternity at the heart of thecrystal.

Book Two, Chapter 5-61. Who has vanished?Syme2. Describe the preparations for Hate Week. In what ways does the Inner Party excel inbuilding spirit?the staffs for all the ministries were working overtime. processions, meetings, militaryparades, lectures, waxwork displays, film shows, telescreen programs all had to be organized; standshad to be erected, effigies built, slogans coined, songs written, rumors circulated, photographs faked.Julia's job had to rush out a series of pamphlets. altering and embellishing news items which were tobe quoted in speeches. the new tune "hate song" had already been composed and plugged on thetelescreens.

3. Julia and Winston have some differences. Explain them.Winston could rememberthings of his childhood and Julia didn't. he told her the magnificent story of the Jones, Aaronson, andRutherford and she seemed to have no interest.she wasn't interested in the next generation all shewas interested in was him and her. she had no interest in the party doctrine as Winston did. if shedidn't like what he was talking about, she just fell asleep.4. What finally convinces Winston that OBrien is a member of the Brotherhood?therewas only one meaning that the episode could possibly ave. it had been contrived as a way of lettingWinston know O'Brien's address. but at any rate, one thing was certain. the conspiracy that he haddreamed of did exist, and he had reached the outer edges of it.

Book Two, Chapter 71. What does Winston remember about his family and his relationship with his mother?heremember that his father had disappeared and he had a mother and a little sister which he lived with.his mother would always take care of his sister and Winston was a little greedy boy who alwaysdemanded more food than his mother had given. she had always tried to give him enough, but to himthat wasn't enough. he always wanted more. very occasionally she would take him in her armswithout saying anything. he was aware in spite of his youthfulness and selfishness, that this wassomehow connected with the never mentioned thing that was about to happen.2. What does Winston realize about love and loyalty as a result of his dream?he hadrealized that his mother had possessed a kind of nobility, a kind of purity; simply because thestandards she obeyed were private ones. her feelings were her own, and could not be altered fromoutside. if you loved someone, you loved him, and when you had nothing else to give, you still gavehim love. when the last of the chocolate was gone the mother knew there was nothing else she cando.3. What is the difference between confession and betrayal?confession is not betrayal.

what you say or do doesn't matter; only feelings matter. of they could make me stop loving you-thatwould be the real betrayal.

Book Two, Chapter 89 (through p. 151)1. Contrast the living quarters and style of the Inner Party members with those of theOuter Party members and proles.the inner party had the power to turn off the telescreen; the richnessof the dark-blue carpet gave one the impression of trading velvet. they had nicer homes with betterfood and drinks. in the outer party it isn't clean and they don't have to power to turn off thetelescreens. also they didn't have nice food and drinks.2. How does OBrien test Julia and Winston?he tests them by asking them a bunch of questions which are life and death just to be in the brotherhood and they accept to all except onewhich is to separate and Julia says no and then he said you did well to tell me. you need to tell useverything.

3. What information does OBrien give them about the Brotherhood?he tells them thatthey will fighting in the dark. they will receive orders and obey them, without knowing why. he will


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send them a book and they have to return in it 14 days. he couldn't tell them how many people thebrotherhood consisted of. when they are caught, they will have to confess, its unavoidable. you wontbe able to recognize anyone from the brotherhood and they cant recognize you. Goldstein couldn'teven give a list of members or any such that would lead to a list. no list exists. the brotherhood cannotbe wiped out because it is not an organization. nothing holds it together except an idea which isindestructible. you will work for a while, get caught, confess, and die. our only true life is in our future.

4. How will OBrien get The Book to Winston?in the future one of the messages amongyour mornings work will contain a misprinted word, and you will have to ask for a repeat. on thefollowing day you will go to work without your briefcase. at sometime during the day, in the street, aman will touch you on the arm and say " i think you have dropped your briefcase" the one he givesyou will contain the book. return it within fourteen days.5. What are the ways in which the Inner Party builds spirit during Hate Week?

Book Two, Chapter 9, The Book (p. 151-164)1. Why does Orwell include detailed passages from Goldsteins Book in 1984?so we canknow what was in the book was information that we had already known but that now we realize whatthe truth was.2. Notice that Orwell repeats the first paragraph of The Book on p. 152 and p. 166. Whywould Orwell repeat himself in that way? What is the purpose?because Julia had came in and he

wanted to show her what was in the book.3. What three classes of people have always existed? (p. 152)high(Inner), Middle(outer),and low(proles)4. In What ways have these three classes changed? (p. 152)they have borne countlessnames different names, and their relative numbers, as well as their attitude toward one another, havevaried from age to age.5. What is the purpose of war in the world of 1984?it was a warfare of limited aimsbetween combatants who are unable to destroy one another, have no material cause for fighting, andare not divided by any genuine ideological difference.6. What are the two aims of the Party?the two aims were double think and to use up theproducts of the machine without raising the general standard of living.7. What are the two problems with which the Party is concerned?the search for newweapons continues unceasingly and is one of the very few remaining activities in which the inventiveor speculative type of mind can find any outlet. also, science, in the old sense, seized to exist. theempirical method of thought, on which all the scientific achievements of the past were founded, isopposed to the most fundamental principles of Ingsoc.8. Why do all three superpowers forbit their citizens from associating with foreigners?ifthey were allowed contact with foreigners he would discover that they are creatures similar to himselfand that most of what he has been told about them is lies. the sealed world in which he lives would bebroken, and the fear, hatred, and self-righteousness on which his morale depends might evaporate.9. The governments of the three superpowers are alike in essence even though theirforms of government have different names. Identify these similarities and explain why they exist?inOceania the prevailing philosophy is called Ingsoc, in Eurasia it is called Neo-Bolshevism, and inEastasia it is called by a Chinese name usually translated as Death Worship, but perhaps betterrendered as Obliteration of the Self. Actually the 3 philosophies are barely distinguishable, and the

social systems which they support are not distinguishable at all.everywhere there is the samepyramidal structure, the same worship of a semi-divine leader, the same economy existing by and forcontinuous warfare. it follows that the three super states not only cannot conquer one another, butwould gain no advantage by doing so.10. What is the real "war" (p. 164) fought in each of the three governments? Your answerwill explain the party slogan, "War is Peace."the war is merely an imposture. it is like the battlesbetween certain ruminant animals whose horns are set at such an angle that they are incapable ofhurting one another. war is now a purely internal affair. in the past, the ruling groups of all countries,although they might recognize their common interest and therefore limit the destructiveness of war,did fight against one another, and the victor always plundered the vanquished.a peace that was trulypermanent would be the same as a permanent war.11. What are the aims of the three groups? (p. 166-167)the aims of the high is to remainwhere they are. the aim of the middle is to change places with the high. the aim of the low, when they

have an aim-for it is an abiding characteristic of the Low that they are too much crushed by drudgery


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to be more than intermittently conscious of anything outside there daily lives-is to abolish alldistinctions and create a society in which all men shall be equal.12. What changes in the pattern occurred in the nineteenth century?then there aroseschools of thinkers who interpreted history as a cyclical process and claimed to show that inequalitywas the unalterable law of the human life. this doctrine, of course, had always had its adherents, butin the manner in which it was now put forward there was a significant change.

13. How did socialism change in the twentieth century?the new movements whichappeared in the middle years of the century, Ingsoc in Oceania, Neo-Bolshevism in Eurasia, DeathWorship in Eastasia, had the conscious aim of perpetuating unfreedom and inequality. these newmovements, of course, grew out of the old ones and tended to keep their names and pay lip-service totheir ideology. but the purpose of all of them was to arrest progress and freeze history at a chosenmoment.14. Why are the rulers in the twentieth century better at maintaining power than earliertyrants?the tyrannies of the past were half hearted and inefficient. the ruling groups were alwaysinfected to some extent by liberal ideas, and were content to leave loose ends everywhere, to regardonly the overt act, and to be uninterested in what their subjects were thinking. part of the reason forthis was in the past no government had the power to keep citizens under surveillances now that theyhave print and film and the radio it carried the process further and private life came to an end. anyone who was worth watching could be kept hours a day under the eyes of the police . it now existed.

15. What are the four ways an elite group falls from power? (p. 170-171)there were onlyfur ways in which a ruling group can fall from power. either it is conquered from without, or it governsso efficiently that the masses are stirred to revolt, or it allows a strong and discontented Middle groupto come into being, or it loses its own self-confidence and willingness to govern.

16. How does the Inner Party make certain it will not fall from power? (p. 171-172)17. How is a persons class determined in the 1984 world?Admission to either branch ofthe Party is by examination, taken at the age of 16. nor is there any racial discrimination, or anymarked domination of one province by another.18. What is doublethink and what is its purpose to the ruling c lass?doublethink is acontinuous alteration of the past, made possible by the system of thought which really embraces allthe rest, and which is known in Newsspeak. it means the power of holding 2 contradictory beliefs inones mind simultaneously, and accepting both of them. the party intellectual knows in which direction

his memories must be altered; he therefore knows that he is playing tricks with reality; but by theexercise of doublethink he also satisfies himself that reality is not violated.19. Why is the mutability of the past important to the ruling class?the mutability of thepast is the central tenet of Ingsoc. Past events, it is argued, have no objective existence, but surviveonly in written records and in human memories. the past is whatever the records and the memoriesagree upon.20. Why will this ruling class live on while earlier tyrants fell?if one is to rule, and tocontinue ruling, one must be able to dislocate the sense of reality. for the secret of ruler ship is tocombine a belief in one's own infallibility with the power to learn from past mistakes21. What other significant points do you notice?even the names of the 4 ministries bywhich they are all governed exhibit a sort of impudence in their deliberate reversal of the facts. theministry of peace concerns itself with war, the ministry of truth with lies, the ministry of plenty withstarvation, and the ministry of love with torture. these contradictions are not accidental, nor do they

result from ordinary hypocrisy; they are deliberate exercises in doublethink.

Book Two, Chapter 101. What understanding does Winston gain about the common people?it was curious tothink that the sky was the same for everyone, everywhere allover the world the sky was the same.millions or hundreds of thousands of people just like this, people ignorant of one another's existence,held apart by walls of hatred and lies, and yet almost exactly the same-people who had never learnedto think but were storing up in their hearts and bellies and muscles the power that would one dayoverturn the world.2. What is the significance of the glass paperweight here?the fragment of coral, a tinycrinkle of pink like a sugar rosebud from a cake, rolled across the mat. how small, thought Winston,how small it always was. it meant that the little glass broke and so did their relationship.

Book Three, Chapter 1


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1. Where is Winston? How is he treated there and why?he was in a high ceilingedwindowless cell with walls of glittering white porcelain. concealed lamps flooded it with cold light, andthere was a low, steady humming sound which he supposed had something to do with the air supply.a bench, or shelf , just wide enough to sit on ran around the room except for where the doors were. alavatory with no wooden seat. 4 telescreens on each wall. they didn't feed him and if he madeunexpected movement they yelled at him from the telescreen.

2. Which of Winstons acquaintances is in the same place and why?there were 2. one wasAmpleforth who was in there for putting God in one of his poems and then there was Parsons whocommitted thought crime and was turned in by his daughter who caught him saying down with bigbrother during his sleep.3. What happens between the starving man and the chinless man? there was a chinlessman who looked at the room and caught his eyes on a starving man he couldn't resist, so he got upand offered the man a piece of breadcrumb. the starving guy didn't accept and then the telescreenyelled at the chinless man and he dropped the crumb. the guards came in and beat him and flung himto the opposite of the room.4. What effect to the words "Room 101" have on the skull-faced man?the skull faced manwas terrified he began to say "Comrade! Officer! you don't have to take me to that place. haven't itold you everything already? what else is it that you want to know? theres nothing i wouldn't confess,nothing ! just tell me what it is and I'll confess it straight off. write it down and ill sign it-anything! not

room 101!." the officer didn't listen to him and still directed him to the room the skull faced man hadthen started saying he was willing to be shot, hung, or sentenced. he even would switch places withothers then he began to tell them he would give him his family and let them kill them in front of him.anything but room 101. he then told him that they were taking to wrong man, that they should havetaken the chinless man but they still didn't listen and took him. he even tried to hang on to the leg ofthe bench and he was very strong but the officer kicked his hand and the skull faced man went withthem.5. Who truly is OBrien? What do he and Charrington have in common?O'Brien was one ofthe people of the ministry of love and he told Winston that he knew it all along. and Winston agreed.like Mr. Charrington, O'Brien too was someone else then he looked or appeared to be.

Book Three, Chapter 21. What sort of treatment does Winston receive on p. 198-200?Winston receives a bunchof pain. it was all a routine interrogation to which nearly all prisoners were subjected. the confessionwas formality and the torture was real. he was beaten many times that he had lost count. there werealways 5-6 men whom used different things to beat him. sometimes fists, other time truncheons, andthen there was steel rods and boots. they would kick him as he lay on the floor like an animal trying tododge them. they would kick him everywhere. he would confess any thing. imaginary and real crimes.sometimes he would refrain from confessing until it was too much pain. sometimes he was beaten tillhe fell. they sometimes let him recuperate but other times it was as soon as an half an hour.2. What is OBrien attempting to teach Winston? (p.201-207)he was trying to teachWinston that he failed in self discipline. that he preferred to be a lunatic. he was trying to tell himwhatever the party said was true WAS true and he had to believe it;. at first Winston didn't go on andthen he would be shocked by pain and then he would try to life but O'Brien knew when he was lying tostop the pain and then finally O'Brien had told him of what the party was trying to teach him and that

was that there was Big Brother and everything he read in the book was real.3. On p. 209211, OBrien explains how the Inner Party avoids the mistakes of pasttotalitarian governments. State in your own words what OBrien means.i think that O'Brien was tryingto explain to Winston that the German Nazis and the Russian Communists made mistakes and that theInner Party is avoiding making the same mistakes because of what happened before and that is notwhat the Party was trying to follow.4. What effect does the (painless) shock treatment have on Winston? (p. 212-213)therewas a man and he had put two soft pads on Winston's temples and then there was an explosion andafter that Winston felt something was missing in the part of his brain. and that part was his memory.5. What questions does Winston ask OBrien and what are the responses?Winston askedO'Brien what they have done with Julia and he replied that she had betrayed you immediately andunreservedly. that he wouldn't recognize her if he saw her. then he asked is Big Brother existed andO'Brien answered with yes, of course, and it is the embodiment of the party. he also asked is BB

existed in the same way as he existed and he answered in no because you do not exist. he asked if BBwill ever die and he said of course not. how could he die? and then next he asked if the brotherhood


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existed. and then he answered that he will never know. he lastly asked what was room 101 and thenO'Brien had said that he already knew what it was that everyone knew what it was.

Book Three, Chapter 31. According to OBrien, what are the three stages in Winstons re-integration, and whichstage is he aobut to enter?the three stages in his reintegration are learning, understanding, and then

there is acceptance and he was entering the second stage.2. Who wrote Goldsteins book? Is what the book says true? (Notice the answer in itsentirety, p. 215-216)O'Brien wrote the book with others. as of it being true, yes, by description. theprogram it sets forth is nonsense.3. Why does the Inner Party seek power and how does this reason differ from the reasonsof the Soviet Communists under Stalin and the Nazis?the party seeks power for its own sake. they arenot interested in the good of others. only solely in power. not wealth or luxury or long life orhappiness; only is power, pure power. they are different from the reasons of the Soviet Communistsunder Stalin and the Nazis because they had pretended or even believed that they seized powerunwillingly and for a limited time and just round the corner there lay a paradise and humans would befree and equal. but the Inner party wasn't like that they know that no one ever seizes power with theintention of relinquishing it. power is not a means; it is an end. one does not establish a dictatorship inorder to safeguard a revolution;one makes a revolution in order to establish the dictatorship. the

object of persecution is persecution. the object of torture is torture. the object of power is power.4. Explain the slogan, "Freedon is Slavery." it is reversible. slavery is freedom. alone-free-the human being is always defeated. it must be so, because every human being is doomed to die,which is the greatest of all failures.5. How does one person assert their power over another?by making him suffer.obedience is not enough. unless he is suffering, how can you be sure that he is obeying your will andnot his own? Power is in inflicting pain and humiliation. power is in tearing human minds to pieces andputting them together again in new shapes of your own choosing.6. How will Oceania differ from all traditional utopias? (p. 220) it would be a world of fearand treachery and torment, a world of trampling and being trampled upon, a world which will grow notless but more merciless as if refines itself. progress in our world will be progress toward more pain.the old civilizations claimed that they were founded on love and justice. ours if founded on hatred. inour world there will be no emotions except fear, rage, triumph, and self abasement. everything elsewe shall destroy-everything.7. Why does Winston feel he is morally superior to OBrien and how does OBrien provethat Winston is wrong?Winston feels he is morally superior to O'Brien because he tells him he is a manand O'Brien tells him that he is the last man and Winston hears the recording of what he said thatnight they met at O'Brien's house and he heard himself promising to lie, steal, forge, to murder and tothrow vital on child's face. then Winston was wrong. he then stood naked in front of a mirror withwings on each side.8. How does Winstons physical appearance affect him?Winston's physical appearanceaffected him because he saw that he looked old and gray. he looked as that of a skeleton and his facewas protruded.9. What good thing can Winston say about himself at the end of this chapter?he did notbetray Julia

10. How does Winston feel about OBrien? Why?he said O'Brien was intelligent and neverdid he fail to understand what was said to him. anyone on earth would have answered that he didbetray Julia.11. What final question does Winston ask OBrien? (p. 225-226)"how soon will they shootme?"12. How is the Inner Partys philosophy different from the Controller Monds philosophy inBrave New World?

Book Three, Chapter 41. How has Winstons environment changed? What does he do with his time? How doeshe show his obedience to the Inner Party?he now has a nicer cell which was more comfortable thanthe others he had been in. it had a plank bed with a pillow and a mattress. and even a stool. they hadgiven him a bath and a tin to clean himself occasionally with warm water. they put ointment on his

ulcer.. and had given him dentures. they fed him. and now he had been growing stronger and he hadbeen trying to exercise.also he would dream on his spare time.


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2. How does Winston show that he is not entirely true to Big Brother?because he still hasthoughts about the past. he was in the wrong and O'Brien knew it and would understand. and theywould understand it.3. How does Winston feel about Big Brother?he hates big brother.

Book Three, Chapter 5

1. What happens in Room 101 and how does this "cure" Winston?In room 101 what theydo to you is they torture you with whatever is unendurable to YOU. they put the rats next to Winstonso that it will try and cure him and sure enough he tells them to take Julia instead of him and he trulymeant that. so thats how it cures him.

Book Three, Chapter 61. What is the setting?the setting of this chapter is in the Chestnut Tree where Winstonhas his own little table with chess in front of him.2. What is Winstons job? (Look up "sinecure" if you dont know it)Winston job has littlework which he also gets paid in.3. How did his meeting with Julia go?he had seen Julia and they sat and talked and bothhad exchanged to another that they really meant the other would go through the pain instead of themand then had also said that they had betrayed each other and then they said they had to meet again.

4. How is it evident that Winston really is a different person?Winston is really a differentperson because he finally realizes that everything he went through was really a cure and everythinghe had endured made him a different person.5. What is happening in the last two paragraphs of the book?in the last two paragraphs ofthe book Winston is sitting in his chair while his gin bottle if filled up and he went back to the Ministryof Love, with everything forgiven, his soul white as snow. he was confessing everything. he waswalking down the corridor, feeling as though walking in sunlight, and an armed guard at his back. thebullet had entered his brain which was long hoped for. it gazed up at the face of Big Brother and it hadtaken 40 years to see his smile hidden under his mustache and he cried and finally realized he hadwon the victory and he had love Big Brother.

1984 Preguntas Largas

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