1960s
description
Transcript of 1960s
![Page 1: 1960s](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081507/568164cc550346895dd6eed3/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
1960SThanks for coming in…
![Page 2: 1960s](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081507/568164cc550346895dd6eed3/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
STORMY SIXTIES? Civil Rights revolution Beginnings of the feminist revolution Introduction of Youth Culture Introduction of the Drug Culture War not supported by the people Brink of World War 3 3 Assassinations in one year First man on the moon Sexual revolution Riots Blackouts Charles Manson murders
![Page 3: 1960s](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081507/568164cc550346895dd6eed3/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
BACKGROUND INFO Vietnam
Ho Chi Minh Leader of the nationalists Fighting against French colonization
since 1919 (Pres. Wilson) Divided at the 17th parallel
America supports France ‘54 1 billion a year 80% of the funding for the war Eisenhower did not want to intervene
despite S.o.S Dulles and VP Nixon’s requests
Ngo Ding Diem Western friendly leader Saigon
![Page 4: 1960s](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081507/568164cc550346895dd6eed3/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
CUBA
Fulgencio Batista Invested in American
capital “enemy of
Communism” Corrupt, ruthless,
inefficient
![Page 5: 1960s](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081507/568164cc550346895dd6eed3/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
CUBA Dr. Fidel Castro ‘59
Help from Ernesto “Che” Guevera
Overthrew Cuban government
Released Cuba from “imperialistic slavery” by cutting off sugar
Economic and military satellite to Soviet Union
90 miles off the coast
![Page 6: 1960s](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081507/568164cc550346895dd6eed3/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
TWO NEW STATES
1959 Alaska Hawaii
![Page 7: 1960s](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081507/568164cc550346895dd6eed3/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
1960 ELECTION
Richard Nixon Vice president Anti communist hero Huge experience with
Khruschev Ruthless
Kennedy US Senator 14 years Young, handsome, and rich Catholic 36
![Page 8: 1960s](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081507/568164cc550346895dd6eed3/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
CAMELOT JFK Inaugural Address
Personified the glamour and vitality of the new administration
Youngest President ever elected“Bobby” 35 year old attorney generalRobert McNamara – Defense
DepartmentPeace Corps
“ask not what your country can do for you, but what you can do for your country”
Robert Frost “Be more Irish than Harvard”
![Page 9: 1960s](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081507/568164cc550346895dd6eed3/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
“FLEXIBLE RESPONSE” Develop an array of military options that
could be precisely matched to the gravity of the crisis at hand.Green Berets in VietnamLowered level for diplomacy to give way to
warfareProvided a mechanism for progressive
(possibly endless) increase in force
![Page 10: 1960s](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081507/568164cc550346895dd6eed3/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
BAY OF PIGS
Alliance for Progress (Alianza para el Progreso) Close the gap between rich and poor Leaflets
Eisenhower leftovers CIA trained and armed invasion of Cuban exiles Supported by American air power
April 17, 1961 1200 exiles invade No direct American intervention Later ransomed for pharmaceutical/humanitarian
supplies “victory has a hundred fathers, and defeat is an orphan”
![Page 11: 1960s](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081507/568164cc550346895dd6eed3/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
CUBAN MISSILE CRISIS
![Page 12: 1960s](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081507/568164cc550346895dd6eed3/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
CUBAN MISSILE CRISIS October 22, 1962
Spy planes revealed missile sites
“nuclear chicken,” “staring contest”
Ordered a naval quarantine and demanded immediate removal
![Page 13: 1960s](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081507/568164cc550346895dd6eed3/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
CUBAN MISSILE CRISIS FALL OUT
October 28 Khrushchev blinks Agrees to remove missiles, if US missile sites in Turkey are removed
too Khrushchev was disgraced, and became an “unperson” in Russia Increase in nuclear expansion
Détente Moscow-Washington “hot-line” relaxation
![Page 14: 1960s](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081507/568164cc550346895dd6eed3/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
TOUGH TIMES IN TEXAS November 22, 1963
While riding in an open limousine in downtown Dallas, President Kennedy was shot in the brain by a concealed rifleman and died within seconds.
Lee Harvey Oswald Was shot to death in front of the television
cameras by Jack RubyChief Justice Earl Warren
Leads a commission in sorting through the circumstances
![Page 15: 1960s](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081507/568164cc550346895dd6eed3/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
CONSPIRACY How it happened Who would want him dead? Magic bullet?
![Page 16: 1960s](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081507/568164cc550346895dd6eed3/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
CIVIL RIGHTS
De facto segregation – by custom or practiceSegregation of schools todayExpectations of giving up your seat on the bus“White flight”
De jure segregation – by law Jim Crow laws
![Page 17: 1960s](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081507/568164cc550346895dd6eed3/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
![Page 18: 1960s](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081507/568164cc550346895dd6eed3/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
NEW LEADERS Malcom X
Nation of IslamHajj“Concerning nonviolence: it is criminal to
teach a man not to defend himself when he is the constant victim of brutal attacks. It is legal and lawful to own a shotgun or a rifle. We believe in obeying the law… the time has come for the American Negro to fight back in self-defense whenever and wherever he is being unjustly and unlawfully attacked”
![Page 19: 1960s](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081507/568164cc550346895dd6eed3/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
NEW LEADERS Black Panthers
Huey Newton & Bobby Seale
Self-sufficientCommunist
leaningsFree daycare,
medical centers, homeless aid, free student breakfasts
![Page 20: 1960s](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081507/568164cc550346895dd6eed3/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
CIVIL RIGHTS: KERNER REPORT Lyndon B. Johnson appointed the
commission on July 28, 1967, while rioting was still underway in Detroit, Michigan.
Los Angeles (Watts Riot of 1965), Chicago (Division Street Riots of 1966), Newark (1967 Newark riots).
Johnson asked for answers to three basic questions about the riots: "What happened? Why did it happen? What
can be done to prevent it from happening again and again?"
![Page 21: 1960s](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081507/568164cc550346895dd6eed3/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
CIVIL RIGHTS: KERNER COMMISSION Report of the National Advisory
Commission on Civil Disorders or Kerner Report was released on February 29, 1968 after seven months of investigation.
over two million Americans bought copies of the 426-page document. Its finding was that the riots resulted from black
frustration at lack of economic opportunity. Martin Luther King Jr., pronounced the report
a "physician's warning of approaching death, with a prescription for life."
![Page 22: 1960s](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081507/568164cc550346895dd6eed3/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
CIVIL RIGHTS: KERNER REPORT The report berated federal and state governments for failed
housing, education and social-service policies. The report also aimed some of its sharpest criticism at the mainstream media. "The press has too long basked in a white world looking out of it, if at
all, with white men's eyes and white perspective." "Our nation is moving toward two societies, one black, one
white—separate and unequal." Its results suggested that one main cause of urban violence
was white racism and suggested that white America bore much of the responsibility for black rioting and rebellion.
Called to create new jobs, construct new housing, and put a stop to de facto segregation in order to wipe out the destructive ghetto environment.
Government programs to provide needed services, to hire more diverse and sensitive police forces and, most notably, to invest billions in housing programs aimed at breaking up residential segregation.
![Page 23: 1960s](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081507/568164cc550346895dd6eed3/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
THE HISTORY OF VIETNAM 207 BCE: Earliest record political entity 212 BCE: China takes control until 938
CE 1853 CE: France takes over 1920: Ho Chi Minh fails at kicking France
out 1940s: Japan becomes involved and
France creates a separate southern government
1946-54: France vs. Vietminh France defeated
Geneva Accord: 17th parallel divides Republic of South Vietnam
![Page 24: 1960s](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081507/568164cc550346895dd6eed3/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
US INVOLVEMENT IN VIETNAM 1950s – Over 1 billion dollars annually
goes to France, supporting 2/3rds the cost of their war.
1956 – Eisenhower sends 300 advisors to replace the French to assist the South Vietnamese government. (Green Berets)
1959 – First two Americans killed in Vietnam
1961 – Kennedy sends “support troops.” 16k troops by the end of his presidency.
![Page 25: 1960s](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081507/568164cc550346895dd6eed3/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
GULF OF TONKIN RESOLUTION August, 1964: Gulf of Tonkin incident US Navy aiding South versus the North
Vietnamese in naval bombings and raids 2 Destroyers fired upon “For all I know, the Navy was shooting at
whales out there.” Blank Check
“like grandma’s nightshirt- it covered everything.”
![Page 26: 1960s](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081507/568164cc550346895dd6eed3/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
AMERICAN ESCALATION 1965: 27k US troops 1967: 525k US troops 1969: 543k US troops
![Page 27: 1960s](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081507/568164cc550346895dd6eed3/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
1968 TET OFFENSIVE Vietnamese new year Coordinated attack (80k troops
attacking 100 different cities) Viet Cong, Communist guerilla group
infiltrated in South Vietnam, and North Vietnamese Army attacked the South from Hue to Saigon.
US casualties were extremely heavy. War now being fought in democratic
South
Maybe things aren’t going as well as we thought.
![Page 28: 1960s](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081507/568164cc550346895dd6eed3/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
VIETNAMIZATION Announced by President Nixon; US troop
withdrawal and turning over the war to the South Vietnamese. ‘69 – starts ‘70 – withdrawal continues, but bombing in
Cambodia ‘70 – Kent State University incident kills 4 ‘72 – Nixon orders blockade of N. Vietnam
harbors ‘73 – US and North Vietnam sign armistice ‘75 – April: final Americans leave S. Vietnam by
helicopter as Communist complete the takeover of Saigon and rename the city, Ho Chi Minh City
![Page 29: 1960s](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081507/568164cc550346895dd6eed3/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
WAR POWERS ACT President is required to report to
Congress about US troop intervention on foreign soil.The act imposes a 60 day time limit to end
the intervention before a declaration of war is required.
![Page 30: 1960s](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081507/568164cc550346895dd6eed3/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
LBJ
Texas Backslapping, and arm twisting Crass Egotistical and Vain Civil Rights Acts of 1964
Banned discrimination in public buildings Equal opportunity commission Title VII
Executive Order to take “affirmative action” against discrimination
War on Poverty (Appalachia)
![Page 31: 1960s](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081507/568164cc550346895dd6eed3/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
GREAT SOCIETY QUESTIONS According to Johnson, what constitutes a Great Society?
How would you define a Great Society? What are the challenges that Johnson saw facing America
in the 1960s? In terms of cities? The countryside? Classrooms?
How do you see these challenges as being similar and/or different to those facing America today? When in your lives have you faced these challenges?
Can the challenges that Johnson describes ever be truly fixed?
Should the government take an active role in addressing society’s ills? How much government intervention is too much?
Were you surprised that Johnson addressed environmental issues?
How does this speech act as a cornerstone for the civil and equal rights movement that followed? For the development of healthcare and the war on poverty
![Page 32: 1960s](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081507/568164cc550346895dd6eed3/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
LBJ The Great Society
War on Poverty: forty programs that were intended to eliminate poverty by improving living conditions and enabling people to lift themselves out of the cycle of poverty.
Education: sixty separate bills that provided for new and better-equipped classrooms, minority scholarships, and low-interest student loans.
Medicare & Medicaid: guaranteed health care to every American over sixty-five and to low-income families.
The Environment: introduced measures to protect clean air and water.
National Endowment for the Arts and the Humanities: government funding for artists, writers and performers.
Head Start: program for four- and five-year-old children from low-income families.
![Page 33: 1960s](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081507/568164cc550346895dd6eed3/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
ELECTION OF 1964 Barry Goldwater
ArizonaHardcore conservativeAttacked Great Society programs
“In your heart you know he’s right” “In your guts you know he’s nuts”
“Extremism in the defense of liberty is no vice”
“Moderation in the pursuit of justice is not virtue”
American field commanders be given discretionary authority to use tactical nuclear weapons
![Page 34: 1960s](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081507/568164cc550346895dd6eed3/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)