19.3 Social Impact of the Industrial Revolution

A Tale of Two Classes

• Entrepreneurs=Rich• Factory Workers=Poor and horrible

living conditions.• Change came but not immediately• Where are we Europe and America

People Move to Industrial Cities

• Urbanization: people moving and expanding cities.

• What industry(s) brought people to small towns?

• Mining: Coal and Iron.• Factories brought workers; caused towns to

grow.• Manchester (England) illustrates this growth.

• 17,000 in the 1750s by 1801 70,000• What was the result of this rapid urbanization?• Noise, air, and water pollution.• Distribution of labor and people.

New Social Classes Emerge

• What classes were created but the IR?• Middle Class: Owned/operated mines, factories

etc. Good lives• Working Class: Displaced farming families=lost

and unsure. Worked for the middle class. Formed a community.

The Industrial Middle Class

• Who was the new bourgeoisie, or middle class?• Entrepreneurs invest in factories, inventors

who created new technology, merchants.• Many rags to riches=admiration. • What was middle class life like?• Nice homes, quality furniture, running water,

fancy clothes. Did not feel bad for the poor=if I can do it so can you.

• What about women?• Focused on staying home to raise kids.

Wealthy had servants raise theirs. Working Class, their kids worked.

The Industrial Working Class

• What was life like for the working class?• Lived in foul smelling slums.• Tenements= multi-story buildings, apartments,

very small rooms and lots of people.• No running water, no sewage/garbage=rotting

in the street.• What did they do with the sewage and

garbage?• Dumped in river. Polluted water caused

disease.

Workers Stage Futile Protests

• What is a labor union?• Workers organization=united, fight for workers

rights.• Why do you think labor unions were illegal?• Owners wanted to make the MOST money.• What is a luddite?• People who rejected new machines because

they put people out of work. Term used today.• There were some protests and much support

for secret unions. They had no political power. No money, no power.

Workers find Comfort in Religion

• Who founded the Methodist movement and what did it emphasize?

• John Wesley, sober and moral ways.• How did Methodist meetings try to help the

working class?• Set up Sunday schools that studied the Bible

and taught people to read and write.• Helped people turn from anger to reform.

Life in the Factories and Mines

Factory Workers Face Harsh Conditions:• How was working on a farm different than a

factory?• Both were hard work but at the factory they

had a scheduled pace as opposed to working at their own pace.

• What was factory life like?• 12-16 hour shifts, no breaks (permission),

Exhaustion causes accidents.• Machines had no safety devices, loss of limb

and life, packed factories with poor air quality caused damaged lungs and illness.

Factory Workers Face Harsh Conditions

• Why were women targeted for factory work in the early days of the IR?

• Adapt better to the machines, easier to manage, only paid them half of what men made.

• Why was working a double burden for women?• Work 12+ hours then come home to feed,

clean, and care for their family.

Miners Face Worse Conditions

• What were working conditions like for miners?• Darkness, coal dust destroys lungs.• Explosions, collapses, flooding killed them.• Women and children had to crawl on all fours

through low passages to haul out coal.

Children have Dangerous Jobs?

• How old were kids when the started working?• 7 or 8, sometimes 5.• What jobs did they have in factories?• Fixing under machines, changing spools of thread.• What jobs did they have in the mines?• Opening and closing air vents, hauling out coal carts.• Why did parents let them work?• Families needed the money so they wouldn’t starve.

Farm work.• What were the “factory acts” supposed to do?• Limit children’s work day to 12 hours, no kids under

8 or 9

The Results of Industrialization

• The early industrial age brought terrible hardships on poor displaced people.

• Laws and reforms helped change the terrible conditions and led to workers unions that fought, and still fight for, workers’ rights.

Super Bowl Predictions

• On the back board write your score prediction with your initials next to it.

• Over the weekend: find your favorite advert.

• Identify your favorite Super Bowl food.

• Think about how the Super Bowl reflects American society.