The 1920s:The 1920s:Prosperity & Prosperity & DepressionDepression

Chapters 20 & 21Chapters 20 & 21 NativismNativism IsolationismIsolationism CommunismCommunism Red ScareRed Scare AnarchistsAnarchists Sacco & VanzettiSacco & Vanzetti Installment PlanInstallment Plan ProhibitionProhibition SpeakeasiesSpeakeasies BootleggersBootleggers FundamentalismFundamentalism

Scopes trialScopes trial FlapperFlapper Charles LindberghCharles Lindbergh Sinclair LewisSinclair Lewis F. Scott FitzgeraldF. Scott Fitzgerald Ernest HemingwayErnest Hemingway James Weldon JohnsonJames Weldon Johnson Marcus GarveyMarcus Garvey Harlem RenaissanceHarlem Renaissance Zora Neale HurstonZora Neale Hurston Langston HughesLangston Hughes Louis ArmstrongLouis Armstrong Duke EllingtonDuke Ellington

Starter: Monday, November Starter: Monday, November 1313

Read “Harding Struggles for Peace” on Read “Harding Struggles for Peace” on pages 625-626 and answer the pages 625-626 and answer the questions below:questions below:

1.1. Why was Russia excluded from the Why was Russia excluded from the Washington Naval Conference?Washington Naval Conference?

2.2. What did the Kellogg-Briand Pact do?What did the Kellogg-Briand Pact do?

3.3. Why did American loan Germany $2.5 Why did American loan Germany $2.5 billion?billion?

Starter: Wednesday, November Starter: Wednesday, November 1515

Read “Scandal Hits Harding’s Read “Scandal Hits Harding’s Administration” on pages 626-627 and Administration” on pages 626-627 and answer the questions below:answer the questions below:

1.1. What do Harding’s appointments of the What do Harding’s appointments of the “Ohio gang” indicate about his “Ohio gang” indicate about his judgment?judgment?

2.2. What was the Teapot Dome scandal?What was the Teapot Dome scandal?

3.3. How did the scandals in Harding’s How did the scandals in Harding’s administration effect him?administration effect him?

Starter: Tuesday, November Starter: Tuesday, November 14 14 Read “Impact of the Automobile” on pages 629-Read “Impact of the Automobile” on pages 629-

630 and complete the diagram below:630 and complete the diagram below:

Impact of theAutomobile

Starter: Wednesday, November Starter: Wednesday, November 15 15

Read “Impact of the Automobile” on pages 629-Read “Impact of the Automobile” on pages 629-630 and complete the diagram below:630 and complete the diagram below:

New industries(car, gas)

Urban sprawl

Vacations,shopping, &

entertainment

Tunnels

Traffic signals

Shopping centers Tourist camps

Motels

Car repair shops

Gas stations

New architectural styles of homes

(garages, carports,driveways)

New towns dueto new

highways

Paved roads

Impact of theAutomobile

Starter: Thursday, November Starter: Thursday, November 1616

Read “Rural & Urban Read “Rural & Urban Difference” on page 640-641 Difference” on page 640-641

and complete the chart below and complete the chart below Urban LifeUrban Life Rural LifeRural Life

Urban LifeUrban Life Rural LifeRural Life

History of the 20History of the 20thth Century: Century: 1920-19291920-1929

1.1. Why was Harding chosen as the presidential Why was Harding chosen as the presidential candidate?candidate?

2.2. What problems did Prohibition cause society?What problems did Prohibition cause society?

3.3. What happened to the farmers after the war?What happened to the farmers after the war?

4.4. What things made a person “modern” in the What things made a person “modern” in the twenties?twenties?

5.5. List 5 things people did in their leisure time.List 5 things people did in their leisure time.

6.6. What kind of lifestyle did Coolidge enjoy?What kind of lifestyle did Coolidge enjoy?

7.7. Why was Charles Lindbergh called a hero?Why was Charles Lindbergh called a hero?

8.8. What did radio do for African American What did radio do for African American performers?performers?

9.9. What sort of things were captured on What sort of things were captured on film?film?

10.10. Why did we need more electricity?Why did we need more electricity?

11.11. What did the electric refrigerator do for What did the electric refrigerator do for the health of the American family?the health of the American family?

12.12. How did women’s styles change?How did women’s styles change?

13.13. What did scouting do for kids?What did scouting do for kids?

14.14. Overall, what was life like for most Overall, what was life like for most Americans during the 1920s?Americans during the 1920s?

15.15. Would you have enjoyed living during Would you have enjoyed living during this time? Why or why not?this time? Why or why not?

Starter 11/4Starter 11/4

Read the flapper handout and Read the flapper handout and answer the three questions at the answer the three questions at the bottombottom

Starter 11/5Starter 11/5

Read page 562Read page 562 Who are the two artists in the Who are the two artists in the

section?section? What did their works focus on?What did their works focus on? What influenced them?What influenced them? What did their works say about What did their works say about

American culture of the time?American culture of the time?

Primary Sources-AnalysisPrimary Sources-Analysis

LyricLyric What it What it means/refers means/refers toto

What we can What we can learn from it learn from it about the about the periodperiod

IsolationismIsolationism There was a desire for There was a desire for “normalcy”“normalcy”

after the Warafter the War In addition, In addition, nativismnativism (prejudice against (prejudice against

foreign-born people) thrivedforeign-born people) thrived Fear of Fear of communismcommunism led to a led to a “Red “Red

Scare,”Scare,” which led to the which led to the Palmer raidsPalmer raids.. The Palmer raids invaded private homes The Palmer raids invaded private homes

& offices and jailed communist suspects& offices and jailed communist suspects

Sacco & VanzettiSacco & Vanzetti Two Italian immigrants (Nicola Sacco & Two Italian immigrants (Nicola Sacco &

Bartolomeo Vanzetti) were accused & Bartolomeo Vanzetti) were accused & found guilty of murder in found guilty of murder in Massachusetts.Massachusetts.

They were also believed to be They were also believed to be anarchists anarchists (those that believe in (those that believe in anarchy, having a society without anarchy, having a society without government or laws) government or laws)

Although the evidence was disputable, Although the evidence was disputable, they were executed in 1927.they were executed in 1927.

The Rebirth of the The Rebirth of the KKKKKKFear of communism and Fear of communism and

immigrants led to the rise of the immigrants led to the rise of the Ku Klux KlanKu Klux Klan

Jews, Catholics, and immigrants Jews, Catholics, and immigrants were targetedwere targeted

They used intimidation and fear to They used intimidation and fear to pressure employers to fire pressure employers to fire immigrants & Black workersimmigrants & Black workers

Electrical Electrical ConveniencesConveniences

New technologies led to electrical New technologies led to electrical conveniences during the 1920sconveniences during the 1920s

Cars, airplanes, radios, telephones Cars, airplanes, radios, telephones were all innovative technologies of were all innovative technologies of the timethe time

Women used new electric household Women used new electric household appliances like refrigerators, appliances like refrigerators, vacuum cleaners & electric stovesvacuum cleaners & electric stoves

The Advertising The Advertising IndustryIndustry

The growth of business produced the The growth of business produced the advertising industryadvertising industry

Businesses offered the Businesses offered the installment installment planplan, which allowed consumers to use , which allowed consumers to use credit credit to purchase expensive items a to purchase expensive items a little at a timelittle at a time

America became a America became a consumer societyconsumer society for the first time (status was measure by for the first time (status was measure by how many “things” you ownedhow many “things” you owned

However, people were going into debt However, people were going into debt and saving less moneyand saving less money

ProhibitionProhibition In 1919, Congress passed the In 1919, Congress passed the 1818thth

AmendmentAmendment and the and the Volstead ActVolstead Act, , establishing Prohibition in Americaestablishing Prohibition in America

ProhibitionProhibition was the banning of was the banning of purchase, manufacturing, and purchase, manufacturing, and transporting alcohol transporting alcohol

BootleggersBootleggers (criminals who sold (criminals who sold alcohol) supplied people with alcohol, alcohol) supplied people with alcohol, despite the lawdespite the law

SpeakeasiesSpeakeasies (illegal bars) were (illegal bars) were popularpopular

Al Capone was a

Chicago gangster

who was a bootlegger

& ran speakeasie

s

FundamentalismFundamentalism Fundamentalism Fundamentalism is the belief that is the belief that

the Bible is literally true, because it the Bible is literally true, because it was written by God and cannot was written by God and cannot contain contradictions or errorscontain contradictions or errors

The rise of fundamentalism in the The rise of fundamentalism in the 1920s was caused by the belief that 1920s was caused by the belief that traditional life was under attacktraditional life was under attack

Fundamentalists attacked women’s Fundamentalists attacked women’s suffrage, education, and sciencesuffrage, education, and science

Women’s suffrage was attacked by Women’s suffrage was attacked by fundamentalists who believed that it fundamentalists who believed that it upset traditional gender rolesupset traditional gender roles

Evangelical ministers spread the Evangelical ministers spread the word of the fundamentalists at word of the fundamentalists at revivals & over the radiorevivals & over the radio

Billy Sunday, Evangelical Preacher

The Scopes TrialThe Scopes Trial New ideas & fundamentalism New ideas & fundamentalism

clashed during the Scopes Trialclashed during the Scopes Trial A Tennessee teacher, A Tennessee teacher, John ScopesJohn Scopes, ,

was arrested and tried for teaching was arrested and tried for teaching Darwin’s Theory of Evolution instead Darwin’s Theory of Evolution instead of the Bible’s account of Creationof the Bible’s account of Creation

He was found guilty and the law He was found guilty and the law banning the teaching of evolution banning the teaching of evolution remained in Tennesseeremained in Tennessee

Scene from the Scopes TrialScene from the Scopes Trial(Prosecutor William Jennings (Prosecutor William Jennings Bryan & Defense Attorney Bryan & Defense Attorney

Clarence Darrow)Clarence Darrow)

John Scopes, a John Scopes, a football coach and football coach and substitute biology substitute biology

teacher, agreed to be teacher, agreed to be arrested and put on arrested and put on trial to challenge a trial to challenge a

new law againstnew law against

teaching evolution.teaching evolution.

““The Lost The Lost Generation”Generation”

““The Lost Generation”The Lost Generation” was was the term for a group of writers, the term for a group of writers, who wrote about the greed and who wrote about the greed and moral corruption of the 1920smoral corruption of the 1920s

Included authors such as Sinclair Included authors such as Sinclair Lewis, Ernest Hemingway, and F. Lewis, Ernest Hemingway, and F. Scott FitzgeraldScott Fitzgerald

Sinclair LewisSinclair Lewis

First American to win First American to win the Nobel Prize for the Nobel Prize for

literatureliterature

Ernest HemingwayErnest Hemingway

A World War I veteranA World War I veteran

F. Scott FitzgeraldF. Scott Fitzgerald

Wrote Wrote The Great The Great GatsbyGatsby

Women in the Women in the 1920s1920s

More women were in the workforce More women were in the workforce than ever beforethan ever before

Women were still rarely given the Women were still rarely given the opportunity for leadership positions in opportunity for leadership positions in the workforcethe workforce

Women were seeking a more Women were seeking a more manageable & comfortable manageable & comfortable appearance, ushering in the appearance, ushering in the ““flapperflapper””

Characteristics of the “Flapper”:• Short hair (ear bob)

• Legs showing with

shorter skirts

• Single women

entertained male friends

at home without a

chaperone

• Smoking

• Dancing

• “Party girls”

• Rebellious

• Fun-loving

• Modern

• Liberated (FREE!)

Margaret SangerMargaret Sanger Sanger was a nurse who spread Sanger was a nurse who spread

information about information about birth controlbirth control as a as a way to fight povertyway to fight poverty

She established birth control clinics in She established birth control clinics in areas of high minority populations areas of high minority populations because she considered minority because she considered minority people to be the source of the nation’s people to be the source of the nation’s povertypoverty

She established the American Birth She established the American Birth Control League, later known as Planned Control League, later known as Planned ParenthoodParenthood

                                                         "When motherhood becomes the

fruit of a deep yearning, not the result of ignorance or accident,

its children will become the foundation of a new race.“

- Margaret Sanger

HeroesHeroes Interest in spectator sports grew in the Interest in spectator sports grew in the

1920s1920s Boxer Boxer Jack DempseyJack Dempsey was the heavy- was the heavy-

weight champion of the worldweight champion of the world Baseball player Baseball player Babe RuthBabe Ruth was the was the

greatest sports icon of the timegreatest sports icon of the time Charles LindberghCharles Lindbergh became the most became the most

famous hero of the time, when he flew famous hero of the time, when he flew non-stop from the U.S. to Paris (1non-stop from the U.S. to Paris (1stst person to fly solo across the Atlantic person to fly solo across the Atlantic Ocean)Ocean)

Boxer Boxer Jack DempseyJack Dempsey

Babe RuthBabe Ruth

Charles LindberghCharles Lindbergh

EntertainmentEntertainmentThe first movie with sound The first movie with sound

((talkietalkie), ), The Jazz SingerThe Jazz Singer, was , was released in 1927released in 1927

JazzJazz (started in southern cities in (started in southern cities in Mississippi & in New Orleans) Mississippi & in New Orleans) became very popular, as African became very popular, as African Americans moved to northern Americans moved to northern citiescities

Harlem RenaissanceHarlem Renaissance In the 1920s, African Americans found In the 1920s, African Americans found

their intellectual voicetheir intellectual voice The center of this artistic movement was The center of this artistic movement was

in Harlem, NY, thus the in Harlem, NY, thus the Harlem Harlem RenaissanceRenaissance

An increase in racial pride & awareness An increase in racial pride & awareness led many African Americans to portray led many African Americans to portray these feeling in art, literature, dance, these feeling in art, literature, dance, acting and musicacting and music

These artists gained the attention of These artists gained the attention of blacks and whitesblacks and whites

Before the quiz, we will watch this video Before the quiz, we will watch this video about Zora Neale Hurston & the Harlem about Zora Neale Hurston & the Harlem

Renaissance. Complete these questions in Renaissance. Complete these questions in your starter notebook. your starter notebook.

“Jump at the Sun”“Jump at the Sun”1.1. What effect did World War I have on What effect did World War I have on

the attitudes of African Americans?the attitudes of African Americans?

2.2. What effect might growing up in What effect might growing up in Eatonville, Fl have had on Zora Eatonville, Fl have had on Zora Neale Hurston?Neale Hurston?

3.3. How did Hurston connect the study How did Hurston connect the study of anthropology with the world of of anthropology with the world of her youth?her youth?

I, Too, Sing AmericaI, Too, Sing America by by Langston Hughes

I, too, sing America. I, too, sing America.

I am the darker brother. I am the darker brother. They send me to eat in the kitchen They send me to eat in the kitchen When company comes, When company comes, But I laugh, But I laugh, And eat well, And eat well, And grow strong. And grow strong.

Tomorrow, Tomorrow, I'll be at the table I'll be at the table When company comes. When company comes. Nobody'll dare Nobody'll dare Say to me, Say to me, "Eat in the kitchen," "Eat in the kitchen," Then. Then.

Besides, Besides, They'll see how beautiful I am They'll see how beautiful I am And be ashamed– And be ashamed–

I, too, am America.I, too, am America.

James Weldon Johnson

Author of “Lift Every Voice & Sing” (Negro National Anthem)

Louis Armstrong & Bessie Smith

“St. Louis Blues”

Duke Ellington

“Mood Indigo”

Marcus GarveyMarcus Garvey A Jamaican-born A Jamaican-born

activist who urged activist who urged African Americans to African Americans to build a separate build a separate societysociety

He founded the United He founded the United Negro Improvement Negro Improvement Association, which Association, which emphasized racial emphasized racial pride and the notion pride and the notion that “black is that “black is beautiful”beautiful”

Group WORK!Group WORK!

4th4th

1.1. J. Edgar Hoover (Stanley)J. Edgar Hoover (Stanley)

2.2. A. Mitchell Palmer A. Mitchell Palmer (Sharane)(Sharane)

3.3. KKK member (Yarelin)KKK member (Yarelin)

4.4. Henry Ford (Colin)Henry Ford (Colin)

5.5. Sinclair Lewis (shaila)Sinclair Lewis (shaila)

6.6. Bootlegger (Jonathan C)Bootlegger (Jonathan C)

7.7. Al Capone (Evander)Al Capone (Evander)

8.8. Gertrude Ederle (swimmer)Gertrude Ederle (swimmer)(Krissia)(Krissia)

9.9. Charles Lindbergh (Trey)Charles Lindbergh (Trey)

20.20. Jack Dempsey (boxer)(David)Jack Dempsey (boxer)(David)21.21.Babe Ruth (baseball) (Blanca)Babe Ruth (baseball) (Blanca)22.22.Andrew “Rube” Foster Andrew “Rube” Foster

(De’Trell)(De’Trell)23.23.Helen Willis (tennis) (Keyi-nu)Helen Willis (tennis) (Keyi-nu)24.24.George Gershwin (Chaquita)George Gershwin (Chaquita)25.25.Georgia O’Keefe (Isabel)Georgia O’Keefe (Isabel)26.26.F. Scott Fitzgerald (Cory)F. Scott Fitzgerald (Cory)27.27.Edna St. Vincent Millay Edna St. Vincent Millay

(Jessie)(Jessie)28.28.Marcus Garvey (Jasmine)Marcus Garvey (Jasmine)29.29.Langston Hughes (Donavan)Langston Hughes (Donavan)30.30.Louis Armstrong (Dylan)Louis Armstrong (Dylan)31.31.Duke Ellington (Jordan)Duke Ellington (Jordan)

Paper Doll Project 2ndPaper Doll Project 2nd

1.1. KKK member (Andres)KKK member (Andres)

2.2. Calvin Coolidge (Guillermo)Calvin Coolidge (Guillermo)

3.3. Bootlegger (Vianna)Bootlegger (Vianna)4.4. Al Capone (Lupe)Al Capone (Lupe)

20.20. Jack Dempsey (boxer) Jack Dempsey (boxer) (James)(James)

21.21.Babe Ruth (baseball) (colby)Babe Ruth (baseball) (colby)22.22.Andrew “Rube” Foster Andrew “Rube” Foster

(baseball) (Jacob)(baseball) (Jacob)23.23.Helen Willis (tennis) (Taylor)Helen Willis (tennis) (Taylor)24.24.Ernest Hemingway (Eric)Ernest Hemingway (Eric)25.25.Zora Neale Hurston (Justice)Zora Neale Hurston (Justice)26.26. James Weldon Johnson James Weldon Johnson

(wesley)(wesley)

27.27.Paul Robeson (actor) Paul Robeson (actor) (demarco)(demarco)

Paper Doll Project 3rdPaper Doll Project 3rd1.1. J. Edgar Hoover (Whitley)J. Edgar Hoover (Whitley)2.2. A. Mitchell Palmer (Brandon)A. Mitchell Palmer (Brandon)3.3. KKK member (Julio)KKK member (Julio)4.4. John Lewis (labor unions) (Arielle)John Lewis (labor unions) (Arielle)5.5. Henry Ford (Brittany L)Henry Ford (Brittany L)6.6. Bootlegger (Jonathan)Bootlegger (Jonathan)7.7. Al Capone (Alex)Al Capone (Alex)

20.20. Jack Dempsey (boxer) Jack Dempsey (boxer) (Joseph)(Joseph)

21.21.Babe Ruth (baseball) Babe Ruth (baseball) (Brittany W)(Brittany W)

22.22.F. Scott Fitzgerald (Josh)F. Scott Fitzgerald (Josh)

20.20.Ernest Hemingway (Kelly)Ernest Hemingway (Kelly)21.21. James Weldon Johnson James Weldon Johnson

(James)(James)22.22.Marcus Garvey (Sylvia)Marcus Garvey (Sylvia)23.23.Langston Hughes (Jeneise)Langston Hughes (Jeneise)24.24.Louis Armstrong (Tyquan)Louis Armstrong (Tyquan)25.25.Duke Ellington (Tasha)Duke Ellington (Tasha)26.26.Bessie Smith (Devonta)Bessie Smith (Devonta)

Paper Doll Project 4thPaper Doll Project 4th1.1. Nicola Sacco or Bartolomeo VanzettiNicola Sacco or Bartolomeo Vanzetti2.2. J. Edgar HooverJ. Edgar Hoover3.3. A. Mitchell PalmerA. Mitchell Palmer4.4. KKK memberKKK member5.5. John Lewis (labor unions)John Lewis (labor unions)6.6. Warren G. HardingWarren G. Harding7.7. Calvin CoolidgeCalvin Coolidge8.8. Henry FordHenry Ford9.9. Charles LindberghCharles Lindbergh10.10.Billy SundayBilly Sunday11.11.Aimee Semple McPherson (evangelist)Aimee Semple McPherson (evangelist)12.12.FlapperFlapper13.13.BootleggerBootlegger14.14.Al CaponeAl Capone15.15.Clarence DarrowClarence Darrow16.16. John Scopes John Scopes 17.17.William Jennings Bryan William Jennings Bryan 18.18.Margaret Sanger Margaret Sanger 19.19.Gertrude Ederle (swimmer)Gertrude Ederle (swimmer)

20.20. Jack Dempsey (boxer)Jack Dempsey (boxer)21.21.Babe Ruth (baseball)Babe Ruth (baseball)22.22.Andrew “Rube” Foster (baseball)Andrew “Rube” Foster (baseball)23.23.Helen Willis (tennis)Helen Willis (tennis)24.24.George Gershwin (composer)George Gershwin (composer)25.25.Georgia O’Keefe (artist)Georgia O’Keefe (artist)26.26.Sinclair LewisSinclair Lewis27.27.F. Scott FitzgeraldF. Scott Fitzgerald28.28.Edna St. Vincent Millay (poet)Edna St. Vincent Millay (poet)29.29.Ernest HemingwayErnest Hemingway30.30.Zora Neale HurstonZora Neale Hurston31.31. James Weldon JohnsonJames Weldon Johnson32.32.Marcus GarveyMarcus Garvey33.33.Claude McKayClaude McKay34.34.Langston HughesLangston Hughes35.35.Paul Robeson (actor)Paul Robeson (actor)36.36.Louis ArmstrongLouis Armstrong37.37.Duke EllingtonDuke Ellington38.38.Bessie SmithBessie Smith