1910.269: Electric Power

Generation, Transmission, and

Distribution

Region IV - OSHA

Scope

� This standard covers the

operation and maintenance of

electric power generation,

control, transformation

transmission, an distribution

lines and equipment.

Construction VS Maintenance

� Construction:

�The erection of new electric

lines and equipment.

�The alteration, conversion, and

improvement of existing lines

and equipment.

1910.269(a)(2):

Training

� All employees:

� Safety practices of 1910.269

� Emergency procedures

� Other necessary safety

practices

Training in Emergency Procedures

1910.269(a)(2):

Training

� Qualified employees:

� Ability to distinguish live parts

� Ability to determine voltage

� Knowledge of minimum approach distances

� Ability to use protective equipment

1910.269(a)(2):

Training

� Regular supervision and annual

inspection to determine compliance

� Follow-up training and retraining:

� New work procedures

� Tasks performed infrequently

� Certification

1910.269(b)(1):

CPR & First Aid Training

� Performing work on or associated

with:

� Exposed lines, or

� Equipment energized at 50 volts

or more

1910.269(b)(1):

CPR & First Aid Training

� Field work - crews of two or more

employees:

� Two trained persons, or

� All new hires trained within 3 months

� Fixed work locations:

� Trained person available within 4

minutes, or

� All employees are trained

1910.269(b)(2):

First Aid Supplies

�First aid

supplies in a

weatherproof

container on a

service truck.

1910.269(c):

Job Briefing

�Subjects:

� Hazards and personal protective

equipment

� Work procedures and special

precautions

� Energy source control

Job Briefing

1910.269(c):

Job Briefing

� Number of briefings:

�Before start of each day or shift

�Additional job briefings if significant changes occur

� Based on nature and complexity of work

� Job planning for one-person crews

1910.269(d): Hazardous

Energy Control Procedures

� Deenergize and lock or tag

� Additional protective

measures for tags

� Protection equivalent to locks

1910.269(d)(2)(ii)(B):

Use of Tagout System Only

� Demonstrate full employee

protection

� Safety equivalent to lockout

Application of Lockout

�Tags rather than

locks are

commonly used in

electric utilities

1910.269(d)(2)(ii)(B):

Use of Tagout System Only

� Examples of demonstration of employee protection:

� Removal of a fuse

� Removal of an isolating circuit element

� Blocking mechanism on switch

� Opening of additional switches on main circuit, on control circuit

1910.269(e):

Enclosed Spaces

� Entered under normal operating

conditions:

�Manholes, Vaults

� Applies to routine entry in lieu of

1910.146(d) to (k)

� 1910.269(e) & (t) apply to entry only

1910.269(e):

Enclosed Spaces

� 1910.146(c) still applies:

� Identify permit spaces

� Keep unqualified persons out

� Coordinate with contractors

� If hazardous conditions develop, use

1910.146

1910.269(e):

Enclosed Spaces

� Enclosed Spaces (Specific)

� Training:

� Entrants, attendants

� Rescue equipment provided

� Evaluate hazards:

� Use of attendants

� Test, ventilate, monitor

Manhole� Atmospheric Testing prior to Entry

Manhole� Vault with Protective Barrier

Vault Entry� Rescue training

Vault Entry� Rescue Equipment

Testing Equipment

1910.269(g):

Personal Protective Equipment

� Follow Part 1910, Subpart I:

� Eye and face

� Respiratory

� Head, foot

� Electrical protective devices

Lineman with Protective Gear

Supplied Air Respirator

Air-Purifying Respirator

� Negative-pressure fit check

Air-Purifying Respirator

� Positive-pressure fit check

1910.269(g)(2):

Fall Protection

�When required:

� Heights greater than 4 feet

� Poles, towers, and similar

structures

Pole Climbing

Body Belt

Pole Climbing Strap

Tower Climbing

Tower Climbing with proper person protective

equipment

Tower Climbing

Tower Climbing with proper person protective

equipment

1910.269(g)(2):

Fall Protection

� Not required by qualified employee:

� Climbing

� Changing location

� Must be free from unsafe conditions:

� Ice, high winds, contamination on structure

� Must have hands free for climbing

1910.269(g)(2):

Fall Protection

� Does not address working on:

� Portions of buildings

� Electric equipment

(transformers, capacitors)

� Aerial lifts

1910.269(h): Ladders, Platforms,

Step Bolts, & Manhole Steps

� Part 1910, Subpart D applies

� Special ladders and platforms:

� Exempt from pitch & footing

requirements

�Must be secured in position

�May not be overloaded

Special Ladder� Special ladder secured in position

1910.269(h): Ladders, Platforms,

Step Bolts, & Manhole Steps

� Special ladders and platforms

Cont’d:

�Must be designed for use

�Must have a safety factor of at

least 2.5 times the maximum

� Intended load

1910.269(i):

Hand and Portable Power Tools

� Cord - and plug connected equipment:

� Part 1910, Subpart S applies

� Grounded, double - insulated, or connected through an isolated transformer with an ungrounded secondary

� Portable and vehicle - mounted generators

� Hydraulic and pneumatic tools

1910.269(j):

Live - Line Tools�Design:

� 100 kv/ft for fiberglass reinforced plastic (FRP)

� 75 kv/ft for wood

�Condition of tools:

� Daily inspection before use; inspection every two years

� Tests after repair and after inspection for hollow FRP and wood tools

Live Line Tools

Live Line Tools

1910.269(k):

Materials Handling and Storage

� Part 1910, Subpart N applies

� Storage in areas restricted to qualified persons:

� Materials must be outside working space

� See 1910.269(u)(1) and (v)(3)

� Storage in unrestricted areas:

� Materials must be 10 ft away

� Add 4 inches for every kv over 50 kV

1910.269(l)(1):

Qualified employees only

� At least two persons for:

�Work with exposure at more than 600 V

�Work with equivalent hazards

� Two persons not required for:

� Live - line tool work

�Routine switching

�Emergency repairs

1910.269(l)(2):

Minimum Approach Distances

� Minimum approach distances (Tables R-6

through R-10)

� Exceptions:

� Insulate the employee

� Insulate the live part

� Employee is insulated from other

exposed conductive object,

� As during live-line bare-hand work

Safety Equipment Inspection

Installation of Rubber Blankets

1910.269(l)(6):

Apparel

� Conductive Clothing:

� Prohibited unless no increased hazard of electrical contact

� Flammable Clothing:

� Train employees in hazards

� Clothing may not increase extent of possible injury

100% Cotton Shirt

100% Cotton Shirt

Synthetic Shirt

Clothing Issue� What method are you using to protect

employees from electric arcs and

flames?

� Flame Retardant.

� Treated.

� 100% Cotton.

� Appropriate weight.

� Documentation.

Denim Jeans

100% Cotton Sock

Flame Resistant Shirt

1910.269(m): Deenergizing Lines and

Equipment for Employee Protection

Employee Protection

� Applies to transmission and distribution

� System operator controls switching - central control

� No central control - use employee in charge

� Request clearance of system from operator

Employee Protection

� Deenergize line:

� Open disconnecting means

� Tag disconnecting means

� Test for deenergized conditions

� Install protective grounds

Employee Protection

� Work on line

� Release clearance:

� Notify employees

� Clear employees

� Remove protective grounds

� Report to the system operator

Employee Protection

� Reenergize Line:

� Remove tags

� Close disconnecting

means

1910.269(n): Grounding for

the Protection of Employees

� Ground deenergized lines, unless

�No possibility of contact with

other source hazard of induced

voltage is not present

� Equipotential zone

� Test before applying grounds

Grounds

Grounds

Grounding of Lines

Checking Ground Wire

Ground Installation

� Proper order of connection and

removal:

� Install ground end first

� Remove line or equipment end

first

1910.269(o):

Testing and Test Facilities

� Applies to high-power and high-voltage testing rather than routine line work

� Establish safe practices

� Guard test areas

� Grounding to be established and implemented

� Safety checks required

1910.269(p):

Mechanical Equipment

� Mechanical considerations:

� Inspection

� Provisions for backing up

� Roll-over protective structures

� Outriggers

� Load ratings

Bucket Truck

Digger Derrick Truck

Bucket Truck

� Bucket truck

with outriggers

fully extended

1910.269(p):

Mechanical Equipment� Operations near energized lines

(equipment) Maintain minimum approach distance:

� Insulated portion of aerial lift is exempt

� Designated observer if necessary

Warning Label on Bucket Truck

Lineman in Bucket

1910.269(p):

Mechanical Equipment� Additional precautions:

� Insulate the lines, or

� Insulate the mechanical equipment, or

� Protect employees from hazardous differences in potential

Insulating Lines

Insulating Lines

Protecting Employee form

Differences in potential

Protecting Employee form

Differences in potential

1910.269(q):

Overhead Lines

� Poles, towers safe for climbing (Test

methods for poles in Appendix D)

� Installing and removing lines:

� Mechanical considerations

� Electrical considerations

� Live-line bare-hand work; training

required

� Tower and structure work

1910.269(r): Line - Clearance

Tree Trimming Operations

1910.269(r)(1):

Electrical� Not applicable to qualified

employees

� Always maintain minimum approach distance

� Work may not be performed in adverse weather conditions Special training required for work in the aftermath of a storm

Tree Limb Lodged Between Two

Energized Lines

Mechanical Equipment

Requirements for:� Brush chippers

� Sprayers

� Stump cutters

� Power saws

1910.269(r)(8):

Fall Protection� Each employee shall be tied in with

a climbing rope and safety saddle

when the employee is working aloft

in a tree.

1910.269(s):

Communication Facilities

� Microwave Transmission:

� See 1910.97

� Radiation protection guide

� Power Line Carrier

1910.269(t): Underground

Electrical Installations

� Access (ladder etc.) required for depth >4 ft.

� Attendants for manholes:

� First aid and CPR training.

� Employee on the surface may enter briefly to assist; other than emergency.

� No attendant for housekeeping, taking readings, etc.

Access ladder for Underground

Electrical Installation (Vault)

First Aid Training Inside a Vault

1910.269(t): Underground

Electrical Installations

� Defective cables:

� Deenergize, if possible

� Use shield to contain fault

1910.269(u):

Substations� Access and working space:

� NESC guidelines

� Guarding of live parts:

� NESC guidelines, or

� Subpart S (NEC) requirements

� Keep draw-out-type circuit breakers in open position when removing or inserting

� Grounding of conductive fences

Substation Overview

Detailed View of Transformers

Insulators & Connectors

1910.269(v):

Power Generation� Access and working space:

� NESC guidelines

� Guarding of live parts:

� NESC guidelines, or

� Subpart S (NEC) requirements

� Changing generator brushes:

� Check for ground condition

1910.269(v):

Power Generation� Chemical cleaning of boilers - restrict

access, post signs

� Chlorine systems

� Coal and ash handling:

� MSHA jurisdiction

� Railroad

� Conveyors

� Storage areas

1910.269(w):

Special Conditions� Capacitors

� Illumination to enable performing safe work

� Protection against drowning (U.S. Coast Guard approved floating devices)

� Employee protection in public work areas:

� Traffic control

� Barricades

Traffic Control

Warning Sign