190114 1710 Method Study
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Transcript of 190114 1710 Method Study
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The questioning technique is themeans by which the critical
examination is conducted, each
activity being subjected in turnto a systematic and progressive
series of questions.
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METHOD STUDY - EXAMINE
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PRIMARY QUESTIONS
the PURPOSE for which
the PLACE at which
the SEQUENCE in whichthe PERSON by whom
the MEANS by which
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METHOD STUDY - EXAMINE
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ELIMINIATING
COMBINING
REARRANGING
OR
SIMPLIFING
those activitiesWith a view to
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METHOD STUDY - EXAMINE
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SECONDARY QUESTIONSCovers second stage of questioningtechnique
- answers to the primary questions aresubjected to further query
- to determine whether possiblealternatives of place, sequence, persons
and means are practicable and- preferred as a means ofimprovement upon the existing method.
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METHOD STUDY - EXAMINE
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SEQUENCE: When is it done?
Why is it done?
When might it be done?
When should it be done?
PERSON: who does it?
Why does that person do it?
Who else might do it?
Who should do it?
MEANS: How is it done?
Why is it done that way?
How else might it be done?
How should it be done ?
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METHOD STUDY - EXAMINE
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RECORDING TECHNIQUES
1. Outline Process Charts
2. Flow Process Chart
3. Two Handed Process Chart
4. Multiple Activity Chart
5. Simo Chart
6. Flow Diagrams
7. String Diagrams
8. Cyclegraph
9. Chronocyclegraph
10. Travel Chart
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QUICK RECAP
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FLOW PROCESS CHART Graphic representation of the process
Incl info on Time reqd, Distance moved.
3 types Man, Material & Eqpt Type
Objectives
visualise complete sequence
Study events in a sys way to improve layout,
Improve mtrl handling,
reduce delay,
eliminate/combine/rearrange events Compare alt methods
Select ops for detailed study
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TWO HANDED PROCESS CHART STUDY TO ANALYSE MOTIONS OF WORKER
WORKERS MOVEMENTS ARE RECORDED IN RELATION TO ONE
ANOTHER. USED FOR REPETITIVE & SHORT OPS
OBJECTIVE INVESTIGATE TO ELIMINATE / REDUCE UNWANTED MOTIONS
REARRANGE IN BEST SEQUENCE
IDEAS FOR IMPROVEMENT APPLIED TO ASSY, MACHINING AND EVEN OFFICE JOBS
Ser Symbol Activity Description
1 OPERATION WHEN HAND GRASPS, RELEASES OR ASSEMBLES TOOL, MTRL/COMPONENT ETC
2 TRANSPORT WHEN HAND MOVE FROM ONE POSITION TO ANOTHER ATTHE WORK PLACE (TOWARDS / AWAY FROM WORK , TOOL &MTRL)
3 DELAY HAND IS IDLENOT PERFORMING ANY JOB
4 HOLD WHEN HAND HOLDS AN OBJECT SO THAT THE OTHER HAND
CAN DO SOMETHING ON THE OBJECT
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TWO
HANDEDPROCESS
CHART
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STENOS
OFFICEACTIVITY COS OFFICE
MOVE TO COs
OFF
TAKE DICTATION
MOVE TOSTENOs OFFICE
PREPCOMPUTER
TYPE LETTER
CHECK TYPEDLETTER
PRINT LETTER
FLOW PROCESS CHARTMAN TYPE
Details
Name FLOW PROCESS CHARTMAN TYPE
Task STENO WRITING ALETTER
Method PRESENT / PROPOSED
Chart
Begins
STENO IN OWN
OFFICEChart Ends LETTER IN OUT TRAY
Prep by
1
2
3
4
1
1
2
S OS C COS O CFLOW PROCESS
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STENOS
OFFICEACTIVITY COS OFFICE
CHECK PRINTOUT
PLACE IN FILECOVER
MOVE TO COs
OFFICE
WAIT FOR COs
SIGNATURE
MOVE BACK TO
OWN OFFICE
PLACE FILE INOUT TRAY
FLOW PROCESSCHART
MAN TYPE
Summary
No of ops 6No of insps 2
No of transports 4
No of Delays 1
Total Activities 13
Details
Name FLOW PROCESS CHARTMAN TYPE
Task STENO WRITING ALETTER
Method PRESENT / PROPOSED
Chart
Begins
STENO IN OWN
OFFICE
Chart Ends LETTER IN OUT TRAY
Prep by
6
3
4
1
5
2
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FLOW PROCESSCHART
COMPARISONMAN & MTRL TYPE
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18
RECORDING MOV OF WORKERS/ MTRLS
TOOLS USED ARE:
STRING DIAGRAM
FLOW DIAGRAM TRAVEL CHART
STRING DIAGRAM
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STRING DIAGRAM
STRING DIAGRAM
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Select
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STRING DIAGRAM
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FLOW DIAGRAMSVEH REPAIR / SERVICE FLOW DIAGRAM
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FLOW DIAGRAMSWASTE WATER TREATMENT PLANT
FLOW DIAGRAMS
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FLOW DIAGRAMSGEOTHERMAL HEAT & POWER PLANT
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TRAVEL CHART
Tabular record of data
Giving details of mov of workers /mtrls /eqpt.
Each small square represents a station.
Along the x-axis, squares from left to right
represent the stations FROM where mov or traveloccurs.
Along the y-axis, the squares represent the stations
TO which the movement is made.
TRAVEL CHART MOVEMENT FROM
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TRAVEL CHART MOVEMENT FROM
MO
VEMENT
TO
From To
5 7
7 3
3 4
4 7
7 6
6 1
TRAVEL
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TRAVELCHART MOVEMENT FROM
MO
VEMENT
TO
1
8
7 6 5
43 2
9
10STEP 1 : FIND BUSIEST STNs WITH MAX MOV INTO (STN2:10, 9-7, 6-5)STEP 2 : FROM WHERE THE MAX MOV TO THESE STNS HAVE OCCURRED (STN2-9:6, 5-2:5,6-2:2)
STEP 3: IDENTIFY BUSIEST ROUTE 5-2-9STEP 4: LOCATE THE STNs TOGETHER.
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PRINCIPLES OF MOTION ECONOMY
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TYPES OF STUDIES
MACRO-MOTION STUDIES
o
Studies of overall flow of process.o Does not go into details of human body part mov.
o Carried out for lengthy ops involving multiple stages
MICRO-MOTION STUDIESo Suited for repetitive ops involving short cycle time.
o Goes into greater details to save mov & effort.
o Aims to develop best possible pattern of mov.
o Minimise ops to reduce effort and fatigue.
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METHODS & MOV AT THE WORKPLACE
PRINCIPLES OF MOTION ECONOMY
Principles help in
Work design,
Reducing the human fatigue and
Improving the work efficiency.
Principles of Motion Economy is presented underthree subgroups related to:-
Use of human body Arrangement of the workplace
Design of tools & equipment
[A] PRINCIPLES OF MOTION ECONOMY
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[A] PRINCIPLES OF MOTION ECONOMY
AS RELATED TO THE USE OF HUMAN BODY
1.The two hands should begin and completetheir
movements at the same time.
2. The two hands should not be idle at the sametime.
3.Motions of the arms should be symmetrical andin opposite directionand should be made
simultaneously.
[A] PRINCIPLES OF MOTION ECONOMY
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4.Hand and body motions should be made at thelowest classification at which it is possible to do
the work satisfactorily.
CLASSIFICATION OF HAND MOTIONCLASS PIVOT BODY MEMBERS MOVED
1 Knuckle Finger (F)
2 Wrist Hand (H) + F3 Elbow Fore Arm (FA) + H + F
4 Shoulder Upper Arm (UA) +FA+H+F
5 Trunk Torso + UA + FA + H + F
[A] PRINCIPLES OF MOTION ECONOMY
AS RELATED TO THE USE OF HUMAN BODY
[A] PRINCIPLES OF MOTION ECONOMY
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5. Momentum be employed to help the worker.
6.Continuous curved motions are to be preferred
to straight line motion involving sudden and sharp
changes in direction.
7. Ballistic (free-swinging) motions are faster,
easier, and more accurate than restricted orcontrolled motions.
[A] PRINCIPLES OF MOTION ECONOMY
AS RELATED TO THE USE OF HUMAN BODY
[A] PRINCIPLES OF MOTION ECONOMY
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8. Rhythm is essential to the smooth and
automatic performance of a repetitive operation.
The work should be arranged to permit an easy
and natural rhythm whenever it is possible.
9. Work should be arranged so that eye-
movements are confined to a comfortable area,
without the need for frequent changes of the
focus.
[A] PRINCIPLES OF MOTION ECONOMY
AS RELATED TO THE USE OF HUMAN BODY
[B] PRINCIPLES OF MOTION ECONOMY AS RELATED
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[B].PRINCIPLES OF MOTION ECONOMY AS RELATED
TO THE ARRANGEMENT OF THE WORKPLACE
1.Definite and fixed positions/stations should be providedfor all tools and materials to permit habit formation.
2.Tools and materials should be pre-positioned to reduce
searching.
3.Gravity-feed, bins and containers be used to deliver the
materials as close to the point of use as possible.
4.Tools, materials, and controls should be located withinthe maximum working areaand as near to the worker as
possible.
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FUNDAMENTAL HAND MOTIONS
Gilbreth observed that most work done by two hands
consists of a few fundamental motions.
He called EACH ONE of them as THERBLIG.
THERBLIG : G I L B R E T H
( read in reverse order)
Today we have 17 Therbligs
These are used in micro-motion studies (facts recorded
on films)
17 Th bli
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17 Therbligs
1. Transport empty (TE) reach for an object
2. Grasp (G) grasp an object
3. Transport loaded (TL) move an object with
hand and arm
4. Hold (H) hold an object
5. Release load (RL) release control of an object
6. Use (U) manipulate a tool
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17 Therbligs (continued)
12.Select (St) choose among several
objects in a group
13.Plan (Pn) decide on an action
14.Inspect (I) determine quality of object
15.Unavoidable delay (UD) waiting due to
factors beyond worker control
16.Avoidable delay (AD) worker waiting
17.Rest (R) resting to overcome fatigue
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Classification of Therbligs
Effective therbligs:Transport empty
Grasp
Transport loaded
Release load
Use
Assemble
DisassembleInspect
Rest
Ineffective therbligs:Hold
Pre-position
Position
SearchSelect
Plan
Unavoidable delay
Avoidable delay
STEPS INVOLVED IN
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Filming the job
Analysis of the film
Presenting DATA/FACTS graphically through
SIMO chart.
STEPS INVOLVED IN
MICRO MOTION ANALYSIS
FILM ANALYSIS
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FILM ANALYSIS
Film is run on projector
Details of the work-cycle are identified in terms of
THERBLIGS, for Left hand and Right hand
TIME ( in WINK) is noted from the Chronometer readings
of the film for each therblig.
[1 WINK = (1/2000) OF A MINUTE ]
ADVANTAGES OF MICROMOTION STUDIES
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Greater details are made available
More accurate
Easier in data collection
Better for record keeping
Help in work study personnel's devpt
ADVANTAGES OF MICROMOTION STUDIES
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SIMO CHART
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A graphic representation of the sequence of the
therbligs or group of therbligs performed by bodymembers of operator.
It is drawn on a common time scale.
In other words, it is a two-hand process chart
drawn in terms of therbligs and with a time scale.
SIMO CHART
SIMO CHART - EXAMPLE
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SIMO CHART - EXAMPLE
CYCLOGRAPH
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A small electric bulb is attached to the finger, hand, or any
other part of the body whose motion is to be recorded.
By using still Photography, the path of light of bulb (in otherwords, that of the body member) is photographed bykeeping the working area relatively less illuminated.
The resulting picture (cycle graph) shows a permanentrecord of the motion pattern employed in the form of aclosed loop of white continuous line with the working area
in the background.
CYCLOGRAPH
CHRONO CYCLOGRAPH
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Similar to the cycle graph, but the power supply to the bulbis interrupted regularly. The bulb is thus made to flash.
The resulting picture shows short dashes of line spaced inproportion to the speed of the body memberphotographed.
Wide spacing would represent fast moves while closespacing would represent slow moves.
The jumbling of dots at one point would indicate fumblingor hesitation of the body member.
A chrono cycle graph can thus be used to study the motionpattern.
CHRONO CYCLOGRAPH
CHRONO CYCLEGRAPH
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CHRONO CYCLEGRAPH
SERIES OF PEAR-SHAPED SPOTS instead ofcontinuous streak of light as shown below
PEAR-SHAPED SPOTS
MOTION DIRECTION
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