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19 Wall and Ceiling Construction Chapter

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Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only. Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Objectives List the members of a typical frame wall. Explain methods of frame wall construction. Describe the applications, advantages, and disadvantages of steel framing in residential construction. Explain information shown on a ceiling joist span data chart. Describe types of masonry wall construction.

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Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only. Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Objectives Identify the basic processes used to produce a quality, three-coat stucco finish. Describe the proper application of exterior insulation finish systems. Identify the uses of structural insulated panels in residential construction. Describe the types of insulated concrete forms used in concrete wall construction.

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Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only. Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Residential Wall Construction Three types: Frame (wood and steel) Masonry Combination frame and masonry Wall panels may be constructed on site or prefabricated at another location

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Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only. Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Frame Wall Typical framing members: Sole plates Top plates Studs Headers Bracing

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Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only. Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Typical Frame

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Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only. Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Framing Lumber Must have good stiffness and nail-holding properties Must be free from warp and easy to work Lumber grade commonly used is No 2 Moisture content should be 15% to 19%

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Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only. Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Frame Wall Construction Wall is usually constructed on subfloor, which provides large, flat work surface Entire wall panel may be built as unit or built in sections

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Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only. Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Exterior Wall Placement

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Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only. Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Plates Sole plate Bottom horizontal member of wall on which studs rest Wall studs are cut to length and nailed to sole plate Plate is nailed to top of studs Second plate is added after wall is in place

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Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only. Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Headers Sustains weight above openings for doors and windows Two basic approaches Solid blocking Header-and-stud framing

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Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only. Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Solid Blocking Header size is increased to fill space from top of rough opening to top plate Trimmers (jack studs) are positioned inside opening Trimmers are nailed to king studs on either side of opening

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Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only. Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Solid Blocking

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Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only. Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Header-and-Stud Framing Cripple studs and trimmers are nailed to sole and top plates Length of header = width of rough opening plus thickness of two trimmers

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Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only. Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Header-and-Stud Framing

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Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only. Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Rough Openings in Frame Walls Rough openings for windows and doors are dimensioned to center of opening in frame wall Specific dimensions are provided by schedule Rough opening height of most doors is 6'-10"

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Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only. Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Exterior Corners and Bracing Corner must provide: Nailing edge for interior wall material Adequate support for the structure Corner bracing is required by most codes Two methods: Diagonal corner braces Sheet of plywood nailed to studs at each corner

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Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only. Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Exterior Corners and Bracing

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Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only. Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Interior Framed Walls Constructed in same way as exterior walls Sole plates, studs, and double top plates Interior walls are securely fastened to walls they intersect Nailing edge must be provided for drywall, paneling, etc.

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Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only. Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Interior Framed Walls

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Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only. Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Steel Framing Steel framing is gaining in popularity Quality wood is scarce and expensive Steel framing has performed well in commercial construction Steel framing is made from recyclable material Price of steel has been relatively stable

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Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only. Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Steel FramingAdvantages and Disadvantages Steel framing has many advantages Benefits to builders Benefits to homeowners Environmental benefits Some disadvantages Designers and builders need to develop greater familiarity with capabilities of steel framing systems

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Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only. Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Steel Framing Components Structural C (C-section) Standard dimensions are nearly identical to those of dimensional lumber Thickness ranges from 12 to 22 gauge Load-bearing applications use 16 to 20 gauge steel C-sections

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Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only. Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Steel Framing Components C-section is unpunched or prepunched Track or channel members are used for rim joists, top and bottom plates, and blocking Track is available in lengths up to 10' Hot-rolled channel is used for furring All members are fastened with screws

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Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only. Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Employability Creativity and brainstorming Thinking outside the box is an important skill Brainstorming aids creativity Practice helps you become a more creative thinker

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Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only. Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Steel Wall and Roof Systems Construction elements of a framed house include floors, walls, and roofs Two types of steel studs are used for walls Structural C for load-bearing walls Drywall studs for nonbearing partitions

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Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only. Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Ceiling Construction Ceiling joists may be put in place after exterior and interior walls are finished Joists are generally positioned in same direction as rafters Ceiling joist size will depend on load, span, wood species, joist spacing, etc. Check local code

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Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only. Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Ceiling Construction Ceiling construction differs from floor construction in two main ways Header is not required around perimeter Smaller size lumber is used Long spans may require support from a bearing wall partition or beam

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Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only. Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. General Framing Considerations Access hole must be provided in ceiling to allow entry into attic Framing around ceiling openings is same as for openings in floor Double headers are used for large holes

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Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only. Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Special Framing Special framing is required for: Openings for heating ducts Wall backing for various fixtures Extra support for bathtub Framing for bay window presents special problems

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Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only. Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Architecture Sustainable masonry Masonry life cycle is long and most masonry is recyclable Poor workmanship and inferior materials can reduce sustainability of masonry International Masonry Institute provides resources and certification program Green

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Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only. Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Finish Coat Final coat provides texture or design to surface Finish coat, about 1/8" thick, may be applied by hand or machine Color may be added to this finish or stucco can be painted later Stucco should cure for 28 days before painting

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Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only. Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Finish Coat

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Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only. Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Exterior Insulation Finish Systems Exterior insulation finish system (EIFS) Provides thermal insulation and durable external finish Synthetic stucco Exterior coating is polymer-based material Requirements are specified in International Residential Code

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Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only. Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. EIFS Advantages/Disadvantages Advantages Time reduction Improved thermal performance Disadvantage Cracking, sealant failure, and water damage if work is not performed correctly

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Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only. Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Structural Insulated Panels Replace three stages of framing, sheathing, and insulation Combine two outer skins and insulating foam core into single unit for framing Special tools are required to erect panels

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Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only. Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Concrete Wall Systems Insulated concrete forms (ICFs) Forms made of foam insulation remain in place after concrete is placed and become part of wall Common types Planks Blocks Panels

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Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only. Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Plank Forms 2" 8 " sections of rigid polystyrene foam insulation Planks are separated with plastic ties so space between panels can be filled with concrete Special form ties and corner ties are needed

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Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only. Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Block Forms Interlocking blocks of plastic foam insulation that are stackable Hollow cores are filled with concrete