19 t. univer eesti 2013
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Transcript of 19 t. univer eesti 2013
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EVALUATION OF SOME INTRODUCED APPLE CULTIVARS IN ESTONIAToivo UniverEstonian University of Life Sciences
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Polli: 58°7’ N 25°32’ E
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Climate of Estonia
Estonia lies in the transition zone betweenmaritime and continental climate.
The average annual temperature in Estonia is 5.2 °C. The average temperature in February is −5.7 °C and in July is 16.4 °C.
Low temperatures. Over the last five years the lowest recorded temperature was ‒35.5 °C.
Snow cover usually lasts from mid-December to late March.
The duration of apple tree vegetation period is 170‒175 days in South Estonia.
Precipitation during the vegetative growth cycles is 350‒400 mm.
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Main problems in apple production
are short vegetation period and frequenttemperature fluctuations during the winterperiod.
lack of winter hardy apple cultivars with highfruit quality.
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Objective
to evaluate newly bred apple cultivars from neighbouring countries and find out cultivars which are winter hardy, scab resistant and with high fruit quality.
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Material and methods
An orchard trial was established in spring 2008 at the Polli Horticultural Research Centre.
with 37 apple cultivars. Trees were grafted on B396 rootstock. Planting distance 4×2 m. One replication, and it consisted of ten trees. In the trial following characters was measured:
yield, fruit weight, trunk diameter.
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Apple cultivarsCultivar OriginKallika, Kanni, Kastar, Katiliina, Kikitriinu, Liivika, Tiina Estonia
Dace*, Edite*, Gita*, Roberts*, LatviaRubinola* Czech RepublicKonsta, Talvikki FinlandEgeria, Lodel, Odra*, Ligolina, Medea, Wars* PolandPriam* FranceLiberty* USAYubilyar*, Kandil Orlovsky, Orlovskoye Polesye*, Solnyshko*, Stroyevskoe*, Venyaminovskoye*
Russia
Alesya, Antey, Belorusskoye Sladkoye*, Imant*, Darunak*, Pamyat Kovalenko*, Pospehh*, Nadzeiny*
Belarus
Streifling Herbst Old Europeanlandrace
* Scab resistant apple cultivar
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Tree survival rate, % (2009-2012)
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
DarunakPriam
LibertyYubilyarRobertsMedeaLigolina
WarsGita
LodelNadzeiny
PospehhImantAnteiEdite
EgeriaOdra
RubinolaAlesya
DaceKandil Orlovsky
KastarKikitriinu
LiivikaOrlovskoye PolesyePamyat Kovalenko
SolnyshkoStroyevskoye
VenyaminovskoyeYelena
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Trunk diameter, cm (2009-2012)
0 0,5 1 1,5 2 2,5 3 3,5 4 4,5
GitaRoberts
AlesjaImantDaceLodel
KonstaPamyat Kovalenko
MedeaYelenaEgeria
Streifling HerbstEditeTiina
KastarLigolina
KanniPospehhYubilyar
LibertyLiivika
NadzeinyWars
KikitriinuAntei
KallikaOdra
TalvikkiVenyaminovskoye
StrojevskoyeKatiliinaRubinola
Kandil OrlovskySolnyshko
average
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Yield, kg per tree (2009-2012)
0 5 10 15 20 25
TalvikkiKanniEdite
KonstaLibertyMedea
DarunakPriam
EgeriaKallika
StroyevskoyeKatiliina
WarsLodelGita
ImantRobertsLigolina
VenyaminovskoyeStreifling Herbst
Orlovskoye PolesyeOdra
YelenaRubinola
NadzeinyKikitriinuPospehhJubilyar
TiinaDace
LiivikaSolnyshko
Kandil OrlvskyPamyat Kovalenko
AlesyaKastarAntey
2009
2010
2011
2012
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Average fruit size, g (2009-2012)Fruit size Cultivar
Very large(>200 g)
Talvikki, Robets, Antey
Large(151‐200 g)
Streifling Herbst, Yubilyar, Orlovski Polesye, Solnyshko, Kikitriinu, Kastar, Pospehh, Kallika, Tiina, Gita
Average(111‐150 g)
Nadzeiny, Pamyat Kovalenko, Imant, Alesya, Darunak, Stroyevskoye, Konsta, Edite, Liivika, Kanni, Kandil Orlovski, Egeria, Katiliina, Venyaminovskoye, Liberty, Priam, Wars, Rubinola
Small(<110 g)
Odra, Medea, Ligolina, Lodel, Yelena
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Conclusions
Regarding winter hardiness, yield efficiency and fruit quality ‘Antey’, ‘Alesya’, ‘Dace’ and ‘Liivika’trees were similar than those on ‘Tiina’ and ‘Streifling Herbst’.
‘Yelena’, ‘Pamyat Kovalenko’, ‘Kastar’, ‘Solnyshko’, ‘Kandil Orlovski’ and ‘Talvikki’ are winter hardy.
‘Nadzeiny’ and ‘Yelena’ are precocious cultivars.
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‘Dace’ (BM41497 × ’Eksotika’)
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‘Liivika’(L8 × L25)
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‘Pamyat Kovalenko’ (’Belorusskoye malinovoje’ × BM41497)
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‘Rubinola’(’Prima’ × ’Rubin’)
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Thank you for listening!