185. Nagasaki-A Collaborative Approach between Art History ... · As the system is compliant with...
Transcript of 185. Nagasaki-A Collaborative Approach between Art History ... · As the system is compliant with...
A Collaborative Approach between Art History and Literature via IIIF KiyonoriNagasakinagasaki@dhii.jpInternationalInstituteforDigitalHumanities,JapanTetsueiTsudatsuda@tobunken.go.jpTokyoResearchInstituteforCulturalProperties,[email protected],[email protected],[email protected],[email protected],Japan
Introduction Thispaperdescribesacollaborativeapproachofin-
formationexchangebetweenarthistoryandliteraturevia IIIF as conducted by two projects: the SATDaizokyoTextDatabaseCommittee (SAT)andapro-jecttoleverageanopendatasetoftheNationalInsti-tute of Japanese Literature. This approach is techni-callysimilartothatusedbypreviousprojectssuchasTILEandTEI.However,asithasnotbeeneasyforthemtofullytreatthebindingofimagesofabookbetweenWebservices, thisapproachadoptstheIIIF(Interna-tionalImageInteroperabilityFramework)sothatbothcanconnecteasilyandefficiently.Afterexplainingthedistinctiveaspectsofbothprojects,wewillintroduceacollaborativesolution.
InMay2016,SATreleasedtheSATTaishozoImageDB(SATiDB),whichincludesdigitalfacsimilesofase-ries of Buddhist images and their interpretations in
the Taisho Tripitaka consisting of 12 volumes origi-nallypublishedin1933.SATiDBprovidesannotationsforabout5,200Buddhisticons(busson)andsymbols(sanmayagyō andmandala) in thebooksandseveralsearch functions of the annotations with a simpletranslatorfromEnglishtotechnicaltermsinCJKchar-actersvia theDigitalDictionaryofBuddhism.As theannotationsuseavocabularyofattributesofBuddhisticons,suchashairstyle,sittingstyle,typeofchair,pos-sessions,etc.,whichwasdefinedbythisprojectduetotheabsenceof suchavocabulary in the sourcedata,userscanalsosearchtheobjectsbyclickingacheck-boxofoneormoreterminalistformofthevocabulary(Figure1).
Figure 1. A search result of “burning hair”
AsthesystemiscompliantwithIIIF,theimagesandannotations can be leveraged in various ways, evenfromotherwebsites.SATiDBhasafunctiontoexposeseveral objects in parallel by clicking checkboxes ofcroppedimagesbycoordinationofeachobjectinthesearchresultsontheIIIFviewer,Mirador(Figure2).
Figure 2. Checked images are displayed in parallel.
Theannotationswereembeddedbyforty-threere-searchersinthefieldofJapanesearthistoryonawebcollaborationsystem in2015.Wedeveloped thesys-temutilizingRedHatLinux,Apache,PostgreSQL,PHP,jQuery,andAnnotorious,whichenabledtheeasyan-notation of images. The annotations were stored inPostgreSQL includingattributes suchasdateandre-sponsibility.Afterinput,thedatawereconvertedintoIIIFPresentationAPI anddistributedwithhi-resolu-tion images converted from 60M-pixel images deliv-ered with IIIF Image API. This system provides re-searchers of Japanese art history with a brand newfunctiontoseeandcompareBuddhisticonsandsym-bols. Many positive comments have been receivedfromthe researchersof Japanesearthistoryand thenumberofvisitorsofthesitewasover12,000inthefirstmonth,butnopapershaveyetbeenproducedex-plicitlyusingthissystem.
TheotherprojectalsodevelopedaWebcollabora-tionsystemtoembedtranscriptionof Japanesetexts(theissuesofsuchtranscriptionhavebeendescribedbyNagasakietal,2016)line-by-lineinthestyleofIIIFannotation which enables to search images as-they-are via Smart-GS. (Hashimoto et al, 2014) It adoptsOpenSeaDragon and its plugins to annotate imageswithzoomingandhasafunctiontoconvertthemintothe format of IIIF Presentation API. So far, two pre-modern woodcut printing books written in cursiveJapanese script were completely done by two re-searchers and available via customized Mirador forright-to-leftviewing-directionandverticaltexts(Fig-ure3).
Figure 3. Customized Mirador for right-to-left viewing-direc-tion and vertical texts
Finally, we explain the approach of linking bothprojects.Asoneofthetwotranscribedwoodcutprint-ingbooksincludesnamesofBuddhistsaints,weaddedtags on the names to trigger an event to search thenameandprepareafunctiontorequestqueriestotheSATiDB.Ontheotherhand,intheSATiDB,afunctiontodistributeonlyalistofsearchresultsincludingim-ages croppedby IIIF ImageAPIwas implemented topull search results fromotherWeb sites by use of aformofURLsuchas:http://dzkimgs.l.u-tokyo.ac.jp/SATi/key:_keyword_
Figure 4. Search result of SATiDB by clicking a red-colored
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Asaresult,readers–primarilyresearchers,butlaypersonsaswell–canseeimagesofrelatedBud-dhisticonsonSATiDBwhilereadingthebook.SeeFigure4tounderstandbackgroundofit.Thisisatyp-icalsolutionofIIIFandeasilyapplicableforanyenvi-ronmentinthedigitalhumanities.
Acknowledgment ThisworkwassupportedbyJSPSKAKENHIGrantNumbersJP15H05725,JP16H03422. Bibliography Hashimoto, Y., Aihara, K., Hayashi, S., Kukita, M.,
Ohura,M.,(2014)TheSMART-GSProject:AnApproachto Image-based Digital Humanities, Digital HumanitiesConference 2014, http://dharchive.org/pa-per/DH2014/Poster-48.xml.
Nagasaki, K., Tomabechi, T., Muller, A. C., Shimoda,
M.(2016) “Digital Humanities in Cultural Areas UsingTextsThatLackWordSpacing”,DigitalHumanities2016,http://dh2016.adho.org/abstracts/416