18 th Conference on Gravitational Microlensing Microlensing Planetary and Binary Statistics from...

18th Conference on Gravitational Microlensing

Microlensing Planetary and Binary Statistics from 2011-2013

Generation-II OGLE-MOA-Wise

Yossi Shvartzvald Tel-Aviv University with Dan Maoz, Matan Friedmann (TAU)in collaboration with OGLE, MOA, µFUN


Microlensing statistics – snowline planet frequency

Gould et al. 2010 (6 planets):

~1/3 of stars have snowline-region giant planets

~1/6 of stars have solar-like planetary systems

Sumi et al. 2010 (10 planets):

Neptunes are at least 3 times more common than Jupiters

Cassan et al. 2012 (3 planets+Gould10+Sumi10):

~1/6 host Jupiters

~1/2 host Neptunes

~2/3 host super-Earths


Second generation survey

A different approach:

1. Controlled experiment:

Untargeted survey, specific field (high mag + low mag)

Continuous coverage

2. Forward modeling for planet abundance:

Simulate the experiment

Define planetary anomaly detection threshold (not necessarily perfectly modeled events)

Compare data to simulation


The generation-II network

OGLE, Chile, 1.3m MOA, NZ, 1.8m

Wise Obs., Israel, 1m


The generation-II network

Group

OGLE

MOA

WISE


Second generation microlensing survey

• 8 deg2 of bulge with highest lensing rate• covered quasi-continuously by all 3 telescopes• cadences 20-40 min


What to expect from Generation II?a simulation:

Monte-Carlo of many Solar-System-like planetary systems, host star properties matching those of bulge microlensing population, random inclinations.

Shvartzvald & Maoz 2012

Simulating the experiment



Ray trace through systems……

…search for planetary-type anomalies with same detection criteria as real data

…add real sampling sequences, photometry errors…



S

Simulation results:

can detect ~15-20% of planets around microlensed stars;



2011-2013 sample

Sample Criteria:

• u0<=1

• t0 within Wise season

• Data from all 3 groups


2011-2013 sample

Sample Criteria:

• u0<=1

• t0 within Wise season

• Data from all 3 groups

Events

245 Sample


Comparison to simulation - u0


Simulation 2011-2013 sample


Comparison to simulation - tE


Simulation 2011-2013 sample


tE distribution

Sumi et al. 2011

MOA-II 2006-2007 2011-2013 sample


Anomalous events

Events

245 Sample

29) 11.8%( Anomalous

8) 3.3%( Planetary

Mass ratio


Anomalous events

Events

245 Sample

29) 11.8%( Anomalous

8) 3.3%( Planetary

Mass ratio

Accounting for detection efficiency,>17% planetary system frequency


Gen-II planets

???

From the 16th microlensing conference in Pasadena


Gen-II planets

• MOA-11-322

Shvartzvald et al. 2014


Gen-II planets

• MOA-11-322

Shvartzvald et al. 2014

13.45.6

1.51.2

0.450.19

11.6

4.3 AU

0.39

P J

L

M M

a

M M

Super-Jupiter around M dwarf


Gen-II planets

• MOA-11-322

• MOA-11-293

I-ba

nd (

mag

)I-

band

(m

ag)

HJD-2450000

Yee et al. 2012

OGLEMOAWise

Survey data only:

All data:


Gen-II planets

• MOA-11-322

• MOA-11-293

I-ba

nd (

mag

)I-

band

(m

ag)

HJD-2450000

Yee et al. 2012

OGLEMOAWise

Survey data only:

All data:

4.8 0.3

1.1 0.1 AU

0.86 0.06

P J

L

M M

a

M M

Batista et al. 2013

First ML planet in the habitable zone


Gen-II planets

• MOA-11-322

• MOA-11-293

• OGLE-11-265

0.38 0.05

1.15 0.13AU

0.085 0.013

P J

L

M M

a

M M

Saturn around M dwarf

modeled by C. Han


Gen-II planets

• MOA-11-322

• MOA-11-293

• OGLE-11-265

• OGLE-12-406

Poleski et al. 2013, Tsapras et al. 2013

2.73 0.43

3.45 0.26 AU

0.44 0.07

P J

L

M M

a

M M



Gen-II planets

• MOA-11-322

• MOA-11-293

• OGLE-11-265

• OGLE-12-406

Poleski et al. 2013, Tsapras et al. 2013

2.73 0.43

3.45 0.26 AU

0.44 0.07

P J

L

M M

a

M M


Super-Jupiters around low-mass stars are common?


Future Work


Galactic model from higher order statistics

Events

216 Sample

30% Parallax

>1% Finite source


C28 telescope

A new telescope at Wise observatory:

• 0.71m telescope

• Fully robotic

• FOV: 1 degree2

• Together with 1m telescope,

higher cadence / more fields


Conclusions

2nd generation microlening survey:

• Preliminary results suggest a lower limit of 17% planetary

systems frequency

• Super-Jupiters around low-mass stars are common (?)

• Multiplicity fraction and binary mass ratio distributions

18 th Conference on Gravitational Microlensing Microlensing Planetary and Binary Statistics from...

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