(18) Section 14 - Dec 2004

HISTORICAL AND HERITAGE ASSESSMENTSECTION 14

Environmental Assessment Certificate Application for the Richmond•Airport•Vancouver Rapid Transit Project

14-1 December 2004

14 Historical and Heritage Assessment

14.1 Executive Summary

This section of the EAC Application describes the results of a heritage and historical assessment of the RAV Project conducted by Millennia Research Limited in 2003. The purpose of the assessment was to identify possible historical remains, extant or archaeological, that may sustain impacts due to the construction of the RAV line. The assessment addressed historical and heritage features not considered by the Archaeological Impact Assessment (AIA) (see SECTION 13) and is intended to complement that assessment. The heritage and historical impact assessment involved a review of several archival and historical references and a sample of historical maps. The location of the RAV corridor and of the underground stations was cross-referenced against heritage registries, historical maps and documents to identify historically significant areas. With one exception, no potential impacts to known historical archaeological resources were identified based on the literature review. The exception is the Cambie Heritage Boulevard between King Edward Avenue and SW Marine Drive, which was designated as a municipal heritage site by the City of Vancouver in 1993 under Municipal By-Law #4837. It is expected that any impacts to the boulevard associated with cut-and-cover tunnel construction will be short-term and that they will be addressed by the Concessionaire both during and post-construction. No designated heritage buildings will be physically affected by the project. The assessment indicated that there are some areas along the RAV corridor with potential to contain sub-surface deposits of heritage and historical significance. Since an impact assessment is not a viable option for these areas due to their current inaccessibility, monitoring is recommended during the construction stage. These areas include: • downtown Vancouver station locations; • the intersection of Cambie and Broadway; • the area near Richmond Centre; and • much of the proposed RAV corridor on Sea Island.


December 2004 14-2

As described in SECTION 13.7, the Concessionaire will be required to provide RAVCo with an Archaeological Monitoring Plan for construction. This monitoring plan will likely be based on a similar plan developed for the VIAA’s International Terminal Building Third Runway Expansion Project, as well as the Millennium Line Sky Train Project. The monitoring plan should specifically address the areas noted above. 14.2 Introduction

The heritage and historical assessment was conducted to identify possible historical remains, both extant and archaeological, along the RAV corridor. The project addressed historical and heritage features not considered by the AIA (Eldridge et al. 2004) (see SECTION 13); the AIA considered the possibility of pre-contact archaeological deposits and was conducted under a Heritage Conservation Act, Section 14 Permit, Musqueam Traditional Territories Permit 106-2003-MB and Sto:lo Nation Heritage Investigation Permit 2003-31. The heritage and historical assessment focused on portions of the RAV corridor that will be developed using construction methods that could result in disturbance of cultural deposits, if present (e.g., station locations, cut-and-cover and at-grade sections). Since the tunnel boring machines will operate at soil depths well below those where cultural deposits may be found, the assessment did not focus on sections of the RAV line to be built using this equipment. As outlined in SECTION 14.5, 27 registered heritage buildings and one heritage landscape are located within a one-block radius of proposed RAV stations or the cut-and-cover, at-grade or elevated portions of the line; of these, 10 buildings and the Cambie Heritage Boulevard between King Edward Avenue and SW Marine Drive are protected. None of the heritage buildings will be affected by the proposed RAV Project.


14-3 December 2004

14.3 Scope and Approach

Heritage buildings and properties may be protected by designation under the Heritage Conservation Act, by municipal bylaws, or both. Archaeological deposits post-dating 1846 are not automatically protected by the Act but can provide valuable information regarding the founding years of the area. The heritage and historical assessment included three components: research, mapping, and reporting. Research included examination of archival data, review of historical maps and published histories, and accessing of heritage registries. The general historical context for the much of the route was compiled and specific information on registered heritage buildings was gathered. Historical and heritage resources were cross-referenced with project area features and spatial data was mapped in ArcGIS. This report presents both the mapped and general historical and heritage data and includes preliminary management recommendations. 14.4 Methodology

Research for the heritage and historical assessment was conducted at the City of Vancouver Archives, the City of Richmond Archives, the University of Victoria McPherson Library, the Victoria Public Library and through on-line municipal registries of heritage buildings. Archival maps, including fire insurance maps, Vancouver street directories for 1890 (Henderson 1890) and 1899/1900 (Green 1899), and published historical accounts were examined. The reference materials consulted are included in Appendix 14-A. The Vancouver street directories were useful as they list businesses by owner or occupant name and businesses by business type. Directories exist for Richmond but were not accessed for this study. Downtown shops, places of entertainment, and other services are also described in an early illustrated history, the Greater Vancouver Illustrated (GVI) (Dominion Illustrating Company 1908). Correlations were sought between the directories, the GVI, the municipal heritage registries, and the project area.


December 2004 14-4

The location of heritage buildings and information on their heritage designation and protection status was obtained from a number of sources. Heritage building information was obtained from the Vancouver Heritage Register (VHR) (City of Vancouver - 1986 (2003)) and the City of Richmond’s on-line heritage inventory1. The location of the heritage buildings was obtained from VanMap (the City of Vancouver’s on-line GIS system)2 and from Richmond’s on-line GIS service3. Heritage classifications are complex and based on a variety of legislation. Buildings, areas and landscapes designated in the VHR are managed under a number of guidelines, regulations and policies, and some are protected under By-Law #4837. The VHR categorizes heritage buildings by “Evaluation Group”. The City of Richmond’s heritage inventory includes both designated (i.e., protected) and non-protected heritage buildings, landscapes, etc. Different sources were occasionally found to vary with respect to the particular protection or designation assigned to some buildings. Definitions of heritage designations are provided in Appendix 14-B. The locations of the underground stations and of the different sections of the RAV Project were cross-referenced against historical maps and documents. Areas of historical significance such as specific buildings, dumps, farms, or other localities were identified and mapped. Historical buildings or features that may have been capped by later developments were mapped as possible archaeological deposits (“Possible Arch Deposits”). Examples of such historical deposits may include building foundations, farmhouse remains, or dump locations. The potential exists for remains of some non-extant buildings to exist under sidewalks, within expanded road corridors, or under modern buildings. The street locations of these features were located using VanMap, where possible. The collected spatial information was entered into digital shapefiles (ArcGIS files) by geo-referencing maps and heads-up digitizing features. Due to discrepancies in original surveying and mapping techniques, particularly on Sea Island, feature locations obtained from historical maps may be different. In Figures 14.1 to 14.16, the location of the proposed RAV line is indicated by red building outlines while the station construction areas are outlined in yellow. Maps of the entire 1 http://www.city.richmond.bc.ca/planning/heritage/heritageinventory.asp 2 http://www.city.vancouver.bc.ca/vanmap/index.htm 3 http://map.city.richmond.bc.ca/website/gis/viewer.htm


14-5 December 2004

corridor are not provided; only those portions where possible historical archaeological or heritage features were identified are included in this document. Although not included in the Application, shapefiles indicating the location of all buildings, heritage areas and potential archaeological remains (i.e., mainly historically demolished buildings on Sea Island) discussed in this section are available for review at the RAV Project Office. 14.5 Results

The results of the heritage and historical assessment are presented in two major sections: one for the underground stations, the other for the cut-and-cover, elevated and at-grade sections of the project. For each of the underground stations, a broad description of the historical setting within a one-block radius is provided. This description is based on information from the GVI and the city directories. As noted above, the directories provide individual and business names and often list the types of businesses operated. The 1890 directory (Henderson 1890) does not include street addresses for many of the areas discussed in this report; the 1899/1900 directory (Green 1899) has more relevant street addresses. The GVI (Dominion Illustrating Company 1908) provides detailed information on many businesses in the study area, including businesses that operated in or at the same location as registered heritage buildings. However, while the information provided about specific businesses is detailed, coverage is patchy such that many businesses within Vancouver are not discussed. Also, the GVI did not include information on businesses located outside of Vancouver. Together, the directories and the GVI provide a broad picture of the development and character of the young city of Vancouver between 1890 and 1908. While correlations between these and other historical references were sought for residential and commercial occupants within the study area, one of the most obvious findings of the assessment was the general discontinuity of occupation, both residential and commercial, during this period. This finding probably reflects the changing and expanding character of the urban Vancouver core. Much of the built heritage of Vancouver and Richmond post-dates the turn of the twentieth century. Although information on the age of heritage buildings is limited in the VHR, it was possible to obtain general information regarding the


December 2004 14-6

development of Vancouver from published histories, city directories and the GVI (Dominion Illustrating Company 1908). The assessment findings suggest that the early history of Vancouver and Richmond (i.e., prior to 1900) is most likely to be represented as historical archaeological deposits. In Vancouver in particular, the potential for encountering preserved house foundations, dumps, privies, etc. along the proposed RAV line that were capped to accommodate subsequent developments is unclear, due to the magnitude and number of these developments. The information presented in Figures 14.1 to 14.16 reflects the potential for encountering such archaeological deposits.

14.5.1 Underground Stations Historical Resources

General historical information and address-specific heritage or historical data is provided for a one-block radius around each of the underground stations. The general location of possible archaeological deposits and protected and non-protected heritage buildings and landscapes is provided in Figures 14.1 to 14.16. 14.5.1.1 Waterfront Station Granville and Water Street

Since the Waterfront Station is existing, no historical research was conducted in this locality. The RAV line will run underground through a cut-and-cover or a twin-bored tunnel from this station to the Robson Station.

14.5.1.2 Granville and Robson Street: Robson Station

Since the line will be contained in twin-bored tunnels under Granville Street, surface disturbances to the area of the surface-level entrance at the Robson Station (i.e., between the 600 and 700 blocks of Robson Street at Granville) will be limited (see Figures 14.2 and 14.3). Robson Street has a long-standing tradition of commercialism dating back to just before the turn of the 20th Century. Originally, the street had rail tracks along it. By 1899, Robson Street was also largely multi-person residential, with a single commercial establishment, the “Colombo Tea Co.” at 712 Robson (see Figure 14.2). Above the tea company, at least three people


14-7 December 2004

had their residences (Green 1899/1900). Post-World War II, the street was referred to as ‘Robsonstrasse‘ due to the proliferation of small European-type shops and delicatessens. These businesses were concentrated in the 1000+ blocks of Robson, to the southeast of the proposed RAV line. According to the City Directory (Henderson 1890), in 1890 Granville Street between Georgia and Smithe had several ‘new blocks’: the Hotel Vancouver, the Sir Donald A. Smith block, a saloon, and the residence of John Alban Green. This was a period of growth in the area, with vacant buildings and newly laid out blocks awaiting tenants. The 1899/1900 City Directory indicates that 10 years later, substantial changes had occurred. Apartment buildings, houses, and boarding houses are present along Granville north and south of the Robson Street intersection (Green 1899). This directory does not list business types as often as the 1890 directory, but it is clear that there were at least as many boarding houses as businesses on Granville Street. A single carpentry shop is listed, as are several unidentified types of businesses (Green 1899). Specific information on several of the historic businesses operating along Granville Street in 1908 was identified in the GVI (Dominion Illustrating Company 1908) (Table 14.1, Figures 14.1 and 14.2). None of these businesses appear in the earlier city directories. The presence of hardware shops and a workshop for sheet metal and roofing workers indicates that the area was a centre for such businesses. Several businesses operated at the same address as registered heritage buildings. In some cases, the heritage building post-dates the business listed below; in other cases it is unclear whether the business occupied the heritage building or an earlier structure. Table 14.1 Selected Granville Street and Robson Street Businesses

(circa 1908)

Address Comments* 702 Granville Headquarters of A. R. McCallum’s Tailoring. Imported

fabrics and in-house tailoring provided in these ‘commodious, handsome, and modernly-appointed premises.’


December 2004 14-8

Address Comments* 748 Granville

Windsor Hotel – Allen and McKenzie, proprietor. Considered new in 1908, heated by steam with electric lights, telephones, hot and cold water in every room.

781 Granville Abercrombie Hardware Company (established in 1907 or 1908), wholesale and retail hardware.

782-786 Granville

H.T. Shelton Furniture Company Limited sold such items as carpet, linoleum, and house furniture.

789-791 Granville Vancouver Sewing Machine Exchange (established in 1905 (?)); by 1908 had considerable business doing “vending and mending” of sewing machines. Also, rental of machines available.

793 Granville

Optical parlour of G. W. Grimmet. Was a “gratifying feature’ of early Vancouver’s economic landscape.

817 Granville* in 1907, a People’s Renovatory and Masquerade Costume Rooms business occupied this address. A small but growing business offered such services as cleaning and dyeing of feathers and gloves; run by one of the few women mentioned in the GVI: Miss G. Hunt. Miss Hunt had been in the costume business “her whole life.”

835-837 Granville* The offices of Stonehouse & Schwantz, real property, and the bona fide manipulation of loans and general finance.

823 Granville* An enterprise … conducted by Mr. F.W. Cunningham, of 823 Granville street [sic], dealer in hardware, stoves, ranges, paints, oils, varnishes, furnaces, sheet metal and builders’ supplies. Mr. Cunningham came to the city in 1907 equipped with a fine experience in every aspect of the hardware trade gained in the great eastern centres, and at once entered the lists, recognizing that the city had a lot to offer an up-to-date exponent of his calling.”


14-9 December 2004

Address Comments* 868 Granville*

Workshop of the Martin-Whiteside Company. The company employed architectural sheet metal and roofing workers prior to the opening of the Commodore Ballroom.

882 Granville

Sales and display room of Spencer Sanderson hardware (established in 1905 (?)), noted for selling all types of hardware and the “Adapta Table” which converts a bed, couch or chair to a table.

888 Granville*

Vanstone Heating & Plumbing Company, Limited. Registered heritage building at this address (see Table 14.2 below).

*Source: Dominion Illustrating Company. 1908.

Nine heritage buildings identified within the study area on Granville Street are listed in Table 14.2 and shown in Figures 14.2 and 14.3. This review did not identify any designated heritage buildings in the 600-700 blocks of Robson Street. Heritage designations are as per the Vancouver Heritage Register (City of Vancouver - 1986 (2003), City of Vancouver 2003) (see Appendix 14-A). Table 14.2 includes the street address of the designated building, the “Evaluation Group” (from the VHR) and comments regarding the heritage feature obtained from historical references or the VHR.


December 2004 14-10

Table 14.2 Granville and Robson Streets - Heritage Buildings/Features

Address Evaluation Group* Comments Figure 734-742 Granville The Vancouver Block

Primary Heritage Significance Allen (1983): Built in 1910 -1912. Adjoining and commercially associated buildings (such as the Birk’s Building) are now demolished.

14.1

817-819 Granville Bank of Commerce Power Block

Individual Heritage Importance Individual Heritage Importance Granville Street Façade -protected.

817 Granville

14.2

823-829 Granville Heritage character 835-837 Granville Heritage character 14.2 835 Granville Coronet Theatre

Heritage character 14.2

838-870 Granville Commodore Ballroom

Primary Heritage Significance

869-873 Granville Palms Hotel

Individual Heritage Importance VHR (2003): Granville Street Façade above the ground floor ceiling level protected.

14.2

872-876 Granville Heritage character 14.2 884 Granville Orpheum Theatre

Primary Heritage Significance National Historic Site (Federal designation).

Allen (1983): The Orpheum Theatre is famous, among other things, for its illuminated sign. First erected in the late 1920s and refurbished in the 1980s, this sign was an important landscape feature on the then-called ‘Theatre-Row.” The ‘New’ Orpheum was constructed in 1927 to replace an older structure. Charlie Chaplin, Bob Hope, and Margot Fonteyn are among the well-known

14.2


14-11 December 2004

Address Evaluation Group* Comments Figure performers who played or danced at the New Orpheum (Allen 1983). The theatre is the current home of the Vancouver Symphony Orchestra (after a campaign in the 1970s to save it from being turned into a multiplex). It has a restored classic mural on the dome.

*Note: From the VHR (City of Vancouver - 1986 (2003)) and protected under City of Vancouver By-Law #4837.


December 2004 14-12

Figure 14.1 Granville Street, North of Robson Street


14-13 December 2004

Figure 14.2 Granville Street, South of Robson Street

14.5.1.3 Davie Street: Davie Station

The proposed RAV line leaves the Robson Station, traveling under Granville and Davie streets through twin-bored underground tunnels. Street level impacts will be limited to the area of an underground station to be situated on Davie Street near Mainland Street or Pacific Boulevard (see Figures 14.4, 14.5 and 14.6). Homer, Hamilton, and Mainland streets and Pacific Boulevard all run parallel to each other and cross Davie in close proximity. Drake runs parallel to and southwest of Davie Street. Historical information was most readily available for Davie and Homer streets. According to the City Directory, in 1890 there were no structures on Davie Street at Homer, where it began (Henderson 1890). On Homer Street, south of Davie Street, there was a machinist, two vacant lots, a blacksmith, a house


December 2004 14-14

under construction, residents for four labourers and a sailor, a street grader, and another residence. North of Davie was a builder, a cornice-maker, a painter, a carpenter, a lawyer, and a residence. Hamilton Street did not extend south to Davie when the 1890 directory was published. Although the 1899/1900 Directory (Green 1899) does not have an entry for Davie Street near Homer, it does contain listings for Homer Street. While the directory does not contain any listings for the west site of Homer near Davie, the east side of the street was built up. In the block of Homer north of Davie, four single residences were listed, as were three multi-person residences (e.g., boarding houses, rented rooms, apartments). The B.C. Fruit Canning and Coffee Co. is listed at 1107 Homer; apparently people also resided at this address (Green 1899). On Granville between Davie and Drake, five single-person and three multi-person residences were listed in the 1899/1900 Directory (Green 1899). Often, the residences have two men of the same last name living together. This may be a reflection of the young immigrant male population in Vancouver at the time (McDonald 1996), as newly arrived relatives lived together while looking for work. Specific information on two historic businesses located on Homer Street near Davie was identified from historic research (Table 14.3). Both businesses are listed at 1107 Homer at the edge of the one block buffer that constitutes the study area; it is possible that the B.C. Fruit Canning and Coffee Co. was taken over by Empress Manufacturing Co., Limited. Table 14.3 Selected Davie Street and Homer Street Businesses (circa

1899-1908)

Address Comments 1107 Homer B.C. Fruit Canning and Coffee Co.

Green (1899): Apparently people also resided at this address.

1107-1119 Homer Empress Manufacturing Co., Limited.

GVI (1908): A large (120 x 150 feet) building housing “importers, roasters, and grinders of high-grade coffees and spices, and manufacturers of jams, jellies, extracts, pickles, etc.”


14-15 December 2004

Fifteen heritage buildings were identified in this area (see Figures 14.4, 14.5 and 14.6), as listed in Table 14.4. No heritage buildings were identified on Davie Street in the area of the proposed station. As blocks in this area are quite small, heritage buildings along Davie from Homer to Pacific Boulevard were identified. Heritage designations are as per the VHR (City of Vancouver - 1986 (2003), City of Vancouver 2003, see Appendix 14-A). Table 14.4 includes the street address of the designated building, the “Evaluation Group” (from VHR or VanMap) and comments regarding the heritage feature obtained from historical references or the VHR. A particularly important heritage resource in this area is the Roundhouse Mews (Figure 14.5). It was constructed in 1889 as a maintenance shop for transcontinental railways. The Roundhouse served as a pavilion at “Expo 86” prior to its restoration and redevelopment as a community centre in the 1990s (Beasley 2003).

Table 14.4 Davie Street Area - Heritage Buildings/Features

Address Evaluation Group* Comments Figure 1137-1141 Hamilton (1138-1144 Homer)

Individual Heritage Importance

14.3

1140-1150 Hamilton Primary Heritage Significance

Residential/Retail Building. 14.3

1150 Hamilton/1155 Mainland


14.3

1168 Hamilton. Heritage character 14.3 1178 Hamilton Gray Brothers Building

Primary Heritage Significance4

14.3

1180 Homer McMaster Building


14.3

1190 Homer Heritage character 14.3

1200 Homer Primary Heritage Significance

Commercial/Residential Building

14.4

4 The Gray Brothers Building is Schedule A in the Vancouver By-Law #4837 Document, but rated as C in the City of Vancouver Heritage Register.


December 2004 14-16

Address Evaluation Group* Comments Figure 1208 (1202-1216) Homer Gray Block


14.4

1220 Homer Heritage character 14.4 1226 Homer Heritage character 14.4 1290 Homer Heritage character 14.4 1122 Mainland Heritage character 14.3 1152 Mainland Individual Heritage

Importance 14.3

181 Roundhouse Mews

Primary Heritage Significance Protected under Heritage Conservation Act5

Designated in 1987 14.5


5 Legal Protection by the Province of B.C. under Heritage Conservation Act O/C 1790.


14-17 December 2004

Figure 14.3 Homer, Hamilton and Mainland Streets, North of Davie Street

Davie Street is located in the southwest corner of Figure 14.3, along the bottom of the map. The 15 heritage buildings are all located on Homer, Hamilton, and Mainland streets to the north of Davie Street.


December 2004 14-18

Figure 14.4 Homer and Hamilton Streets, South of Davie Street and Drake Street

Davie Street Map 1

Davie Street runs along the top of the map, from northwest to southeast. Drake Street runs along the bottom, parallel to Davie Street.


14-19 December 2004

Figure 14.5 Davie Street at Pacific Boulevard, Roundhouse Mews

Davie Street runs northwest-southeast through the centre of this map, and is bisected by Pacific Boulevard. 14.5.1.4 Cambie and Broadway: Broadway Station

From the Davie Station, the proposed RAV line will continue through twin-bored tunnels under False Creek and cut-and-cover tunnels south of 2nd Avenue, with an underground station on Cambie near Broadway (Figure 14.6). As with the downtown portion of the RAV route, street level impacts will be limited to the area of the station. Camps for timber clearing crews were situated in the area of Cambie Street close to False Creek during Vancouver’s early years (i.e., mid 1880s) (Morley 1974). As only generalized locational information is provided for the camps, it


December 2004 14-20

is unclear whether they were located in the specific area of the proposed station (Figure 14.7). The short duration of occupation and the temporary nature of structures would likely limit archaeological evidence of the camps. Dumps and privies would be the most likely archaeological remains. Cambie Street (downtown) was the second street in Vancouver to be named; south of False Narrows it was known as Bridge Street (Kluckner 1990). In the 1890s, Broadway was known as 9th Avenue and did not extend to Bridge Street (Henderson 1890). There are no entries for either 8th Avenue or 10th Avenue in the City Directory at their intersections with Bridge Street (Henderson 1980). Ten years later, South Vancouver had grown substantially and 9th Avenue ran past Bridge Street to ‘the western limits’ (Green 1899/1900). Four residents are listed in the directory between Bridge (Cambie) and Ash streets (to the west of Bridge) and residences are also listed at the Bridge and 8th Avenue intersection; only a single residence is listed after the 8th Avenue intersection (Green 1899/1900). Even in 1899, 10th Avenue did not have listings for its intersection with Bridge Street. Several other buildings, identified from a 1912 fire insurance map (Goad 1912), may have remnants capped by Cambie Street. A comparison made between a current orthophoto and the fire insurance map showed one area where Cambie Street may be wider than it was in 1912. The existing road cuts through building footprints shown on the 1912 map; therefore, structural or other features relating to these buildings may be capped by the road (see “Possible Arch Deposit on Figure 14.6). As with other proposed RAV stations, heritage buildings were identified in the VHR (City of Vancouver - 1986 (2003), City of Vancouver 2003) in the vicinity of the Broadway Station. Only one heritage building is presently located near this station (see Table 14.5 and Figure 14.7).


14-21 December 2004

Table 14.5 Cambie and Broadway Area – Heritage Buildings/Features

Address Evaluation Group* Comments Figure

2530 Cambie Individual Heritage Importance

14.6

*Note: From the VHR (City of Vancouver - 1986 (2003)) and protected under City of Vancouver By-Law #4837. Figure 14.6 Cambie Street and Broadway


December 2004 14-22

14.5.1.5 Cambie and King Edward Avenue: King Edward Station

From the underground station on Cambie Street at Broadway, the proposed RAV line will continue through underground bored tunnels to a proposed station at King Edward Avenue, at the northern end of the Cambie Street Boulevard. The Cambie and King Edward area was not built up until the middle of the 20th Century; a 1936 map shows no development between King Edward Avenue and 41st Avenue — only bushland/forest (Sectional Map and Street Directory Company 1936). A search was made of the VHR (City of Vancouver - 1986 (2003); City of Vancouver 2003, see Appendix 14-B) for heritage buildings and landscapes in this area. A single heritage building was identified within a one-block radius of the proposed King Edward Station; this building will not be affected by construction of the RAV line (Table 14.6; Figure 14.7). The central median of Cambie Street between King Edward Avenue and SW Marine Drive, known as the Cambie Heritage Boulevard, was designated as a municipal heritage site by the City of Vancouver on March 25, 1993 (W. Pledger, pers. comm. 2004); the boulevard area near the proposed RAV stations is shown in Figure 14.7. According to the Memorial Plaque located on the median at 33rd Avenue, opposite Queen Elizabeth Park, the Cambie Heritage Boulevard was designed in 1940 as an elongate park and ceremonial gateway to the City by internationally recognized planning consultant Harland Bartholomew.


14-23 December 2004

Table 14.6 Cambie Street and King Edward Avenue - Heritage Buildings/Features

Address Evaluation Group* Comments Figure 587 West King Edward Avenue William H. James House

Individual Heritage Importance “Probably designed by Ross A. Lort in 1941. A cozy English Tudor cottage provided the model for this cute fairy-tale residence, one of three put up by builder Brenton T. Lea. The undulating shingle roof convincingly imitates thatching …” [http://www.discovervancouver.com/GVB/notable-buildings.asp].

14.7

Central boulevard of Cambie Street between King Edward Avenue and SW Marine Drive

Primary Heritage Importance 14.7



December 2004 14-24

Figure 14.7 Cambie Street and King Edward Avenue

14.5.2 Cut-and-Cover, At-Grade and Elevated Sections

This section deals with the cut-and-cover, at-grade, and elevated sections of the RAV line, which emerges from the underground tunnels at 37th Avenue. The King Edward Station on Cambie, discussed above, is the final underground station along the corridor. As cut-and-cover and at-grade portions of the line will result in continuous surface and immediate sub-surface impacts, a more general approach was taken south of 37th Avenue. Heritage buildings and built history was examined within a one-block buffer of the line through South Vancouver and Richmond, and on Sea Island. As with the research conducted for the underground stations, the investigation focused on areas of historical significance identified in air photos, maps, histories, and heritage registers.


14-25 December 2004

14.5.2.1 Vancouver/Vancouver South – 37th Avenue to North Fraser Crossing

If a partially grade-separated option is selected, the RAV line along the Cambie Heritage Boulevard from 37th Avenue to at least 46th Avenue will be either through a cut-and-cover tunnel or through a bored tunnel. The route would then continue at-grade to 63rd Avenue. If the RAV line is fully grade-separated, the cut-and-cover tunnel/drilled tunnel would extend to 49th Avenue, from which point the line would run through a trench to 63rd Avenue. Both the cut-and-cover and the at-grade sections of the RAV line will involve alteration of the ground surface. From 63rd Avenue, the line will be elevated to cross Marine Drive and the North Arm of the Fraser River. The new bridge over the North Arm will be constructed downstream of Mitchell Island and upstream of the Oak Street Bridge. Four stations6 are proposed along this segment. South Vancouver was a growing place around the turn of the century:

By 1907-1908 South Vancouver had grown wonderfully. [During this time] South Vancouver’s proximity to Vancouver made her the rendezvous of the artisan, and the working class generally. South Vancouver became the home of the industrial classes, and the Reeves and Councils of the district were drawn from this class [Lewis 1920: 14, 18, 20].

Despite this growth, the city limits stretched only to the north end of Queen Elizabeth Park, a sparsely populated area, until amalgamation with Point Grey and South Vancouver in 1929 (Allen 1983). Cambie Street was graded but uninhabited from 33rd Avenue to 49th Avenue and not cleared from 49th to 63rd in the late 1930s (Kluckner 1990). A 1936 map shows the west side of Cambie Street from 41st Avenue to 59th Avenue as open space (Sectional Map and Street Directory Company 1936). Trails crossed Cambie at 54th Avenue and 57th Avenue (Sectional Map and Street Directory Company 1936). In addition, there may have been other historical trails throughout the study area (e.g., see Woods 2003).

6 Oakridge, 49th Avenue, 57th Avenue*, Marine Drive (*future station)


December 2004 14-26

Although a streetcar ran along Oak Street between Marpole and Fairview by 1910, this area was primarily brushland prior to World War II (Kluckner 1990). Development of the Oakridge area began in the 1950s and bus service was established along Cambie Street to 49th Avenue. Many of the original houses and the original Oakridge shopping centre were demolished in the 1980s and replaced with more lavish buildings (Kluckner 1990). Built evidence of an ethnic German area between Oak and Victoria (centering along Fraser Street) may continue to the present (Geib 1981). Queen Elizabeth Park (Figure 14.8) is located on Little Mountain between the proposed King Edward Station and the emergence of the RAV line at either 46th or 49th Avenues. Little Mountain is the highest point in Vancouver (Kluckner 1990). A rock quarry was established there in the 1920s and the area was later used as a reservoir. The two reservoirs excavated on top of the mountain during the 1910s (visible in historic maps) remained as uncovered lakes for nearly 50 years (Kluckner 1984). Queen Elizabeth Park was named in commemoration of the 1939 visit of George VI and Queen Elizabeth (the Queen Mother) (Kluckner 1984). The park itself has one heritage building, the Bloedel Conservatory (see Table 14.7 and Figure 14.8). Since the RAV line will run underground at the site of the park and given that the proposed station will be located to the south, no impact to Queen Elizabeth Park is anticipated. Only one heritage building, the Bloedel Conservatory, is listed the VHR (City of Vancouver - 1986 (2003); City of Vancouver 2003) for the Vancouver/Vancouver South area. One municipal heritage area is also registered; as discussed above. The Cambie Heritage Boulevard, located between King Edward Avenue and SW Marine Drive, is designated under Schedule A of Vancouver Heritage By-Law #4837 (see Table 14.7 and Figure 14.8). Not all of the designated area is shown in Figure 14.8; the protected central boulevard continues to 63rd Avenue.


14-27 December 2004

Table 14.7 Vancouver/Vancouver South – 37th Avenue to Fraser River Crossing

Address Evaluation7

4600 Cambie Street Bloedel Conservatory

Primary Heritage Importance

Cambie Heritage Boulevard between King Edward Avenue and SW Marine Drive

Primary Heritage Importance

Figure 14.8 Queen Elizabeth Park and Cambie Heritage Boulevard

7 From the VHR and protected under City of Vancouver By-Law #4837.


December 2004 14-28

The proposed RAV line will become cut-and-cover south of Queen Elizabeth Park. Queen Elizabeth Park is in the middle of the map and is indicated by the Bloedel Conservatory at 4600 Cambie Street. 14.5.2.2 Richmond

The new bridge over the North Arm of the Fraser River will bring the RAV line from South Vancouver to the Bridgeport Station. From Bridgeport Station to the southern terminus at Cook Road/Park Road in Richmond Centre, the line will follow No. 3 Road either at-grade or elevated see Figure 14.9 and 14.10). Five stations5 (excluding Bridgeport) are proposed for the Richmond portion of the RAV route. Farmers began to settle along the Fraser River in the Richmond area beginning in the 1860s - clearing fields, building dykes and draining land. The Fraser River also served as a transportation corridor for the Fraser and Caribou river gold rushes, industry, commerce, individuals and local fishing fleets. Canneries were established by the 1880s (www.city.richmond.bc.ca/discover/history.htm) and mills were presumably also established along the river banks by that time. Near the turn of the century, a small social and commercial centre began to develop around the intersection of the No. 3 Road and Granville Avenue, south of Richmond Centre (Figure 14.10). The area was owned by Samuel Brighouse who is known for the Minoru horse-racing track he constructed on a large tract of land near this intersection in 1909. The racetrack was a social centre for early Richmond. Horse barns lined No. 3 Road, with other buildings situated where Minoru Park is currently located (see Figure 14.10). The B.C. Electric Railway ran along Granville Avenue and had a station at the corner of No. 3 Road and Granville; this station served people who were going to the races (City of Richmond On-line Heritage Inventory 2003). The racetrack closed in the late 1940s.

5 Capstan Way*, Cambie, Alderbridge, Westminster and Richmond Centre (*Future station)


14-29 December 2004

Another important historical feature of Minoru Park is the associated airstrip. As noted in the City of Richmond’s heritage assessment (City of Richmond On-line Heritage Inventory 2003):

An airstrip had operated at Minoru since 1909, on a grassy field adjacent to the racetrack. In 1910, Charles Hamilton launched his Curtiss pusher biplane on the first powered flight in Western Canada. A large crowd was on hand to watch Hamilton make two flights overhead, then pit his plane against a horse named Prince Brutus. With a head start, Brutus won the race by 10 seconds. Other aviation milestones included Western Canada’s first passenger flight in 1912, the first female airplane passenger, and the flight of the first female pilot. The Minoru airfield continued to operate until 1941, when wartime gas rationing forced its permanent closure.

In the late 1940s, the racetrack and accompanying buildings were demolished and new developments, including the commercial area around Granville Avenue, were established. The current extent of Minoru Park is situated several hundred meters from the proposed RAV line. The racetrack and associated buildings, however, originally extended to No. 3 Road, within the impact zone of the Richmond portion of the line. A map of Richmond from 1938 (unknown cartographer, accessed at City of Richmond Archives) shows a large structure on the northwest corner of the intersection of Granville Avenue and No. 3 Road. Although the map is not accurate enough to geo-reference, there is a possibility that historical archaeological remains dating to this period may be found at this intersection. Archaeological remains associated with the racetrack may be present under road surfaces or in other capped sediments. The park itself is a registered heritage area for the City of Richmond, but is not protected by City by-laws (City of Richmond On-line Heritage Inventory 2003). In any case, physical impacts to the park are not anticipated. The Rod and Gun Club, located at 7760 River Road, a block west of the proposed RAV route, is the only registered heritage feature along the Richmond section of the line (see Table 14.8 and Figure 14.9). The Rod and Gun Club building is not a designated heritage building and is not protected (City of Richmond On-line Heritage Inventory 2003). The club building was formerly a church hall:


December 2004 14-30

What is now a Rod and Gun Club was once the church hall for the Richmond United Church. The church complex eventually consisted of the Church, stables, manse, and church hall. The original church has been relocated to Minoru Park and re-named Minoru Chapel (where it does a booming business in weddings). The stables and the manse were demolished. The hall was left in situ and a lean-to was added in 1950. The Rod and Gun Club assumed the lease in 1970 and continue to reside there.

Table 14.8 Registered Heritage Buildings/Areas/Landscapes in

Richmond

Address Evaluation 7760 River Road Richmond Rod and Gun Club

Registered Heritage Building - not designated


14-31 December 2004

Figure 14.9 North End of No. 3 Road, Richmond


December 2004 14-32

Figure 14.10 Approaching the Richmond Terminus near Minoru Park

The red building outlines indicate the proposed line along No. 3 Road, which will be at-grade or elevated for this portion. 14.5.2.3 Sea Island

From Bridgeport Station, the RAV line will be elevated and will cross the Middle Arm of the Fraser River (Moray Channel), continuing in an elevated guideway along the north side of Grant McConachie Way to the Airport Terminal. The new bridge across the Middle Arm will be constructed upstream of the existing Moray Channel bridges. Four stations6 (excluding

6 YVR 1, YVR 2, YVR 3 and YVR 4


14-33 December 2004

Bridgeport) are proposed for this portion of the RAV route. No registered heritage buildings are located in proximity to the line on Sea Island. There are strong agricultural roots on Sea Island. The first European settlement dates from the mid-nineteenth century. Hugh McRoberts built his home “Richmond View” on the northeast portion of the island, on the riverbank outside of the study area in 1861-62. This structure has since been demolished. Other farms began as early as 1866 in the southern portion of the island (Figure 14.13) with more properties being settled as time passed (Keen 2002; see Figure 14.13 to 14.15). The Grauer family ran a large dairy operation in the northern portion of Sea Island (outside of the study area) as well as a store in Eburne (see Figure 14.14). The farm, known as Frasea, was established in 1922 and had up to 500 cows (Pelkey 1997). The Sea Island Presbyterian Church, which was built on Miller Road (probably along the very eastern section) in 1886, burned down on May 10, 1933 (Kluckner 1984, Kluckner 1990, Keen 2002). The small farming community of Eburne spanned the eastern portion of Sea Island (see Figure 14.13) and what is now Marpole. Bridges to Sea Island were built in 1889 and 1890, with the Marpole Bridge linking Vancouver to Sea Island. The Sea Island community, located on the eastern tip of the island, served many of the small farms that once occupied Miller Road (Keen 2002). The proposed RAV line will be suspended over the eastern tip of Sea Island and will not affect the Eburne area. The historic Marpole-Eburne dump (DhRs-25) was plotted incorrectly on an archaeological overview such that it appeared on Sea Island (Woods 2003). The recorded site, DhRs-25, is actually located on the north shore of the Fraser River in the community of Marpole (see Figure 14.11 and 14.12). Woods (2003) notes the presence of another dump on Sea Island, west of the Arthur Laing Bridge: “…[t]he “Eburne Dump” reported by Mr. Carl Grauer in 1987 (cited in Ham 1990:9-14) is located beneath the dike”, west of the bridge. The proposed RAV line does not cross the Sea Island dump location. Salmon canneries were established on Sea Island as early as 1890. The Sea Island Cannery was located on Swishwash Island just off the southwest corner of Sea Island, and the Dinsmore Island Cannery (established in 1894) was built on Dinsmore Island (which subsequently became part of Sea Island


December 2004 14-34

as a result of infilling). The Vancouver Cannery was built in 1896 and the Acme Cannery in 1899. The Vancouver Cannery lasted longest, closing its doors in 1930 and finally being dismantled in 1935. A cork mill (manufacturing fishnet floats out of aged cedar) was also in operation near the Dinsmore Island Cannery until the 1950s. The canneries were located well outside the proposed RAV route (Keen 2002). Figure 14.11 Location of DhRs-25

Source: Archaeology and Registry Services Branch on-line database of archaeological sites, Remote Access to Archaeological Data (RAAD). [Note site location in Marpole].


14-35 December 2004

Figure 14.12 Historic Eburne Dump (Identified in Woods 2003)

Source: Woods 2003. [Note dump location on Sea Island. Location is probably another historic dump]. The small community of Burkeville in the southeast quadrant of Sea Island, well south of the proposed RAV project corridor, is a registered heritage community (City of Richmond On-line Heritage Inventory 2003; Kluckner 1984; Sea Island Heritage Society 2003)(see Figure 14.13). Burkeville is surrounded by airport developments and bordered by Miller Road and Russ Baker Way. An early ‘planned community,’ the 300-house Burkeville was completed by 1944 under the Dominion Government’s Wartime Housing Plan. It housed employees of Boeing Aircraft and other nearby aircraft industries. The community includes playgrounds, a community centre, a church and a school (City of Richmond On-line Heritage Inventory 2003). A Royal Canadian Air Force base was located west of Burkeville from 1940 to 1964. Historic maps and photos do not indicate where any associated


December 2004 14-36

buildings might remain, but do seem to indicate that the base was located south of the RAV line. Therefore, impacts to any subsurface materials are not anticipated (Keen 2002). Another early planned community on Sea Island was the Cora Brown subdivision, built on the northeast shore of the island in the post-war period to provide housing for returning war veterans. The subdivision, which was named after the former landowner (Sea Island Heritage Society 2003), existed from about 1945 to the mid-1970s, when the land was expropriated for airport expansion (Keen 2002). The former subdivision site is located about 0.5 km to the north of the proposed RAV line. Building demolition and subsequent paving often leads to the preservation of historical archaeological remains. Plank and corduroy roads (i.e., sand bed with cedar planks/slabs on top) used on Sea Island may be extant, preserved under asphalt. There is also the potential that physical remains relating to Sea Island’s agricultural history may be encountered at footing locations for the elevated line and at areas of ancillary activity associated with the bridge crossing. Ham (1997) has identified historic remains of this type outside the study area. Ham (1997) suggested that the bricks, glass metal, and china fragments he observed might be associated with one of the Grauer houses dating from 1913 to1981.


14-37 December 2004

Figure 14.13 East Side of Sea Island (with location of former farms)


December 2004 14-38

Figure 14.14 Middle of Sea Island (with location of former farms)


14-39 December 2004

Figure 14.15 West Side of Sea Island (with location of former farms)


December 2004 14-40

Figure 14.16 Burkeville, Sea Island

14.6 Impact Assessment

The potential for physical impacts to heritage and historical features is considered in three sections below: heritage buildings; the Cambie Heritage Boulevard; and historical archaeological remains.

14.6.1 Heritage Buildings

Information on heritage features contained in the City of Vancouver and the City of Richmond registries and the Heritage Conservation Act was considered during the heritage and historical assessment. Based on this assessment, the RAV Project will have no physical impact on any heritage building (Table 14.9).


14-41 December 2004

14.6.2 Historical Archaeological Remains

Broad areas of potential historical archaeological8 remains were identified during this study; others may also exist. Areas identified by the study include: • downtown station locations, particularly near the borders of existing

streets where remains capped by lateral pavement expansion may exist; • under the pavement near Cambie and Broadway – early building footings

may exist; again this is limited to the lateral margins of existing pavement that may have capped historical archaeological remains;

• around the Richmond Terminus – possible remains associated with the racetrack barns; and

• Sea Island - exact locations of historic farming structures are unknown and the potential exists that remains may be unearthed during excavation.

An impact assessment (including sub-surface testing) of portions of the proposed RAV line, undertaken by a professional archaeologist trained in the identification and assessment of historical archaeological sites, would clarify the presence or absence of such deposits. However, given the logistical considerations of conducting sub-surface testing in many of these areas, an impact assessment does not appear to be a viable option and is therefore, not recommended.

8 Historical archaeology deals with remains from post-contact, ‘European’ times, and includes European, Aboriginal, Chinese, Japanese, etc.; remains from all ethnic groups.


December 2004 14-42

Table 14.9 Heritage Buildings/Areas/Landscapes in the RAV Project Area

Address Protected

Yes/No (By whom)

Notes Anticipated Physical Impact Yes/No

734-742 Granville Yes (CoV) Vancouver Block No 817-819 Granville Yes (CoV) Power Block, Bank of

Commerce No

823-829 Granville No No 835-837 Granville No No 835 Granville No Coronet Theatre No 838-870 Granville No Commodore Ballroom

@ 868 Granville No

869-873 Granville Yes (CoV) Palms Hotel No 872-876 Granville N No 884 Granville Yes (CoV),

(Heritage Conservation Act), (National Historic

Site)

Orpheum Theatre No

1137-1141 Hamilton No No 1140-1150 Hamilton Yes (CoV) Residential/Retail

Building No

1150 Hamilton/1155 Mainland

Yes (CoV) No

1168 Hamilton No No 1178 Hamilton Yes (CoV) Gray Brothers Building No 1180 Homer Yes (CoV) McMaster Building No 1190 Homer N No 1200 Homer Yes (CoV) No 1208 (1202-1216) Homer

No Gray Block No

1220 Homer No No 1226 Homer No No 1290 Homer No No 1122 Mainland No No


14-43 December 2004

Address Protected Yes/No

(By whom)

Notes Anticipated Physical Impact Yes/No

1152 (1144-1152) Mainland

No Yaletown Building No

181 Roundhouse Mews Yes (Heritage Conservation Act)

No

2530 Cambie No No 4600 Cambie Street No Bloedel Conservatory No Cambie Heritage Boulevard

Yes (CoV) Yes

587 West King Edward No No 7760 River Road No Rod and Gun Club No

14.7 Recommendations

This section is structured to consider heritage buildings, the Cambie Heritage Boulevard and potential historical archaeological remains. Consultation with community groups (e.g., local history societies) would undoubtedly add contextual and historical data to this study and ensure that all parties interested in the historical landscape are party to its management.

14.7.1 Heritage Buildings

This assessment did not identify any heritage buildings in the vicinity of the RAV line or stations that could be physically affected by the proposed RAV Project. In any case, RAVCo and the Concessionaire will continue to engage in consultation with the City of Vancouver during the final design process to ensure that any potential unforeseen impacts are identified and resolved.

14.7.2 Historical Archaeological Remains

The assessment indicates that there are some areas with potential for sub-surface deposits. Since an impact assessment is not a viable option for these areas due to their inaccessibility, monitoring is recommended during the construction stage. These areas include downtown station locations, the


December 2004 14-44

area of the Cambie and Broadway intersection, the area of the Richmond Terminus, and much of the proposed route on Sea Island. The Concessionaire will be required to provide RAVCo with an Archaeological Monitoring Plan for construction. This monitoring plan will likely be based on a similar plan developed for the VIAA’s International Terminal Building Third Runway Expansion project, as well as the Millennium Line Sky Train project. The monitoring plan should specifically address the areas noted above.

14.8 References

Allen, R. E. 1983. A Pictorial History of Vancouver Book II: Heritage Vancouver. Josten's Publications, Winnipeg, Manitoba.

Beasley, L. and A. McAfee. 2003. Vancouver's Urban Design: A Decade of

Achievements. City of Vancouver Department of Planning. British Columbia Archaeology Branch. 1998. British Columbia

Archaeological Impact Assessment Guidelines (Revised). Archaeology Branch, Ministry of Municipal Affairs, Recreation, and Culture. Victoria, B.C.

BC Ministry of Sustainable Resource Management. 2003. Archaeology and

Registry Services Branch. On-line database of archaeological sites - Remote Access to Archaeological Data (RAAD). Accessed online at: http://srmwww.gov.bc.ca/arch/RAADintro.html

City of Richmond. 2003. Heritage Inventory. Available online at:

http://www.city.richmond.bc.ca/planning/heritage/heritageinventory.asp City of Vancouver. 2003. Heritage By-Law #4387. Council of the City of

Vancouver, B.C. City of Vancouver - 1986 2003. Vancouver Heritage Register (Formerly

Vancouver Heritage Inventory). Land Use and Development Policies and Guidelines. Community Services, City of Vancouver, B.C.


14-45 December 2004

Discover Vancouver. 2003. http://www.discovervancouver.com/GVB/vancouver-

heritage.asp Dominion Illustrating Company. 1908. Greater Vancouver Illustrated: Canada's

Most Progressive Twentieth Century Metropolis. Dominion Illustrating Company, Vancouver, B.C.

Eldridge, M., D. Owens, R. Vincent and J. Lindberg. 2004. Richmond/Airport

/Vancouver Rapid Transit Project Archaeological Impact Assessment. Prepared for RAV Co. Permit 2003-016. On file with the Archaeology and Registry Services Branch, Victoria, B.C.

Geib, M. 1981. Comparative Cultural Geography A European German View of

the Germans in Vancouver. In Ethnic Vancouver: Essays in Cultural Geography, edited by P. L. Wagner. Department of Geography Discussion Papers No. 16. Simon Fraser University, Department of Geography, Vancouver, B.C.

Golder Associates Ltd. 2001. Report on Richmond-Airport to Vancouver Rapid

Transit Project Multiple Account Evaluation Environmental Account Land-Based Issues. Submitted to IBI Group Suite 1500, 510 West Hastings, Vancouver, B.C.

Green, R. E. 1899. The Vancouver City Directory June 1899-1900 Containing

Street Alphabetical and Classified Business Directories. News-Advertiser, Printers and Bookbinders, Vancouver, B.C.

Henderson, L. G. 1890. Henderson's City of Vancouver Directory for 1890,

Containing a Complete Street Directory and an Alphabetical Directory of the City of Victoria. The Henderson Directory Co., Vancouver, B.C.

Keen, M. 2002. A Bridge to the World: the Life and Times of Sea Island.

Richmond Neighbourhoods (Volume 1). City of Richmond Archives, Richmond, B.C.

Kluckner, M. 1990. Vanishing Vancouver. Whitecap Books Ltd., North

Vancouver, B.C.


December 2004 14-46

Kluckner, M. 1984. Vancouver: The Way It Was. Whitecap Books Ltd., North

Vancouver, B.C. Lewis, A. H. 1920. South Vancouver Past and Present. Western Publishing

Bureau, Vancouver, B.C. McDonald, R. A. J. 1996. Making Vancouver: Class, Status, and Social

Boundaries, 1863-1913. UBC Press, Vancouver, B.C. Sea Island Heritage Society. 2003. Sea Island Heritage Society webpage:

http://seaisland1.homestead.com/index.html The Sectional Map and Street Directory Company. 1936. Dial Map of Greater

Vancouver. Vancouver, B.C. Unknown. circa 1910-20. Vancouver Insurance Atlas (Volume 1). Vancouver,

B.C. Wagner, P. L. 1981. Introduction to Ethnic Vancouver. In: Ethnic Vancouver:

Essays in Cultural Geography, edited by P. L. Wagner. Department of Geography Discussion Papers No. 16. Simon Fraser University, Department of Geography, Vancouver, B.C.

Woods, S. 2003. Archaeological Overview Assessment of Richmond-Airport-

Vancouver Rapid Transit Project Geotechnical Borehole Locations for the Fraser River North Arm and Middle Arm Crossings. Equinox Research and Consulting.

References Consulted During Historical ResearchAPPENDIX 14-A


1 December 2004

Appendix 14-A References Consulted During Historical Research Allen, R. E. 1983. A Pictorial History of Vancouver Book II: Heritage Vancouver.

Josten's Publications, Winnipeg, Manitoba.

Barford, C., J. Bond, S. Sexsmith, P. Vaisbord, S. Andrews, F. Avakumovic and A. Young. 1993. Welcome to Heritage! An Introductory Guide to Heritage in Vancouver. Community Arts Council of Vancouver, Vancouver, B.C.

City of Vancouver - 1986. 2003. Vancouver Heritage Register (Formerly

Vancouver Heritage Inventory). Land Use and Development Policies and Guidelines. Community Services, City of Vancouver, B.C.

City of Vancouver. 2003. Heritage By-Law #4387. Council of the City of Vancouver, B.C.

Copp, S. 1987. Excavation of the Marpole-Eburne Site (DhRs 25): An Urban

Garbage Dump in an Early Vancouver Suburb. A Report of Investigations to the Heritage Conservation Branch. Vancouver Community College, Langara Campus, Vancouver, B.C.

Dominion Illustrating Company. 1908. Greater Vancouver Illustrated: Canada's

Most Progressive Twentieth Century Metropolis. Dominion Illustrating Company, Vancouver, B.C.

Geib, M. 1981. Comparative Cultural Geography A European German View of

the Germans in Vancouver. In: Ethnic Vancouver: Essays in Cultural Geography, edited by P. L. Wagner. Department of Geography Discussion Papers No. 16. Simon Fraser University and Department of Geography, Vancouver, B.C.

Greater Vancouver Regional District. 1973-76. Greater Vancouver Regional

District Map, Vancouver, B.C.


December 2004 2

Green, R. E. 1899. The Vancouver City Directory June 1899-1900 Containing Street Alphabetical and Classified Business Directories. News-Advertiser, Printers and Bookbinders, Vancouver, B.C.

Henderson, L. G. 1890. Henderson's City of Vancouver Directory for 1890,

Containing a Complete Street Directory and an Alphabetical Directory of the City of Victoria. The Henderson Directory Co., Vancouver, B.C.

Hull, R., G. Soules and C. Soules. 1974. Vancouver's Past. Gordon Soules

Economic and Marketing Research.

JC Johnstone, M. E. 1942. Sea Island Drainage Scheme. Corporation of the Township of Richmond, B.C.

Keen, M. 2002. A Bridge to the World: The Life and Times of Sea Island.

Richmond Neighbourhoods (Volume 1). City of Richmond Archives, Richmond, B.C.

Kluckner, M. 1990. Vanishing Vancouver. Whitecap Books Ltd., North

Vancouver, B.C.

Kluckner, M. 1984. Vancouver: The Way It Was. Whitecap Books Ltd., North Vancouver, B.C.

Lewis, A. H. 1920. South Vancouver Past and Present. Western Publishing

Bureau, Vancouver, B.C.

McDonald, R. A. J. 1996. Making Vancouver: Class, Status, and Social Boundaries, 1863-1913. UBC Press, Vancouver, B.C.

Matthews, J. 1937. Indian Villages and Landmarks Burrard Inlet and Howe

Sound Before the Whitemans Came. City of Vancouver, B.C.

Morgan, R. 1983. Vancouver Then and Now. Whitecap Books Ltd., North Vancouver, B.C.

Morley, A. 1961. Vancouver: From Milltown to Metropolis. Mitchell Press,

Vancouver, B.C.


3 December 2004

Roy, P. E. 1980. Vancouver: An Illustrated History. James Lorimer & Co. and

the National Museum of Man, National Museums of Canada. Toronto, Ontario.

The Sectional Map and Street Directory Company. 1936. Dial Map of Greater

Vancouver. Vancouver, B.C. Thirkell, F. and B. Scullion. 2000. Vancouver and Beyond. Heritage House

Publishing, Surrey, B.C. Unknown. 1938. Map of Richmond Municipality. Unknown. 1936. Musqueam Place Names. Vancouver, B.C. Unknown. 1910-20. Vancouver Insurance Atlas (Volume 1 ed.) Vancouver, B.C. Unknown. 1859. Burrard Inlet 1859 Chart 64.2. Vancouver, B.C. Unknown. Undated a. Crown Grant Acquisition of Richmond BC, Richmond, B.C. Unknown. Undated b. Map showing north central Sea Island. Richmond, B.C. Vancouver Map and Blueprint Company. 1928. Commercial Map of Greater

Vancouver and District. Vancouver, B.C. Vogel, A. and D. Wyse. 1993. Vancouver: A History in Photographs. Altitude

Publishing, Banff, Alberta. Wagner, P. L. 1981. Introduction to Ethnic Vancouver. In: Ethnic Vancouver:

Essays in Cultural Geography, edited by P. L. Wagner. Department of Geography Discussion Papers No. 16. Simon Fraser University, Department of Geography, Vancouver, B.C.

Woods, S. 2003. Archaeological Overview Assessment of Richmond-Airport-

Vancouver Rapid Transit Project Geotechnical Borehole Locations for the Fraser River North Arm and Middle Arm Crossings. Equinox Research and Consulting,

Heritage Designation DefinitionsAPPENDIX 14-B


1 December 2004

Appendix 14-B Heritage Designation Definitions "Heritage site" means, whether designated or not, land, including land covered by water, that has heritage value to British Columbia, a community or an aboriginal people. (Heritage Conservation Act) "Provincial heritage site" means a heritage site designated under section 9 or a Provincial heritage property established under section 23. (Heritage Conservation Act). Section 9 indicates that the Lieutenant Governor in Council may designate land as a Provincial heritage site. In addition, it indicates that this designation may apply even if the property does not have heritage value if a number of criteria apply, including that the property is a protected heritage property under the Local Government Act or the Vancouver Charter. “Provincial heritage register” was established under the Heritage Conservation Act and has provisions for maintaining a registry(ies) of heritage sites and objects, including “Provincial heritage sites; … [and ] … buildings, structures and sites for which the minister has received notice from a local government under section 977 (1) of the Local Government Act or section 602 (1) of the Vancouver Charter. “Vancouver Heritage Register” is a document issued by the Vancouver City Council (originally named the Vancouver Heritage Inventory). It lists buildings and structures, streetscapes, etc, which have architectural or historical heritage value but may or may not be protected under the Heritage Conservation Act or the Heritage By-Law #4837 (see below). Designation codes taken verbatim from this registry: A: primary heritage importance B: individual heritage importance C: heritage character, either individually or collectively as part of a streetscape F: identified by the Federal Government as a National Historic Site. H: the subject of a Heritage Revitalization Agreement. I: specific interior features and fixtures in the building are protected.


December 2004 2

M or P: buildings or sites that are protected by a legal heritage designation by the City of Vancouver (“M”) or the Province of British Columbia (“P”). HC: the building, or some portion thereof, is protected by a Heritage Conservation Covenant registered on title at the Land Title Office.

These codes were not transcribed into the report; but the designation text (such as “Primary Heritage Significance”) was included. “Heritage Streetscapes” in the Vancouver Heritage Register includes groups of buildings which “have special heritage merit due to the consistent heritage character of the structures and their setting. While not all the buildings are individually listed on the Vancouver Heritage Register, they contribute significantly to the heritage character of the streetscape or precinct.” “Heritage By-Law #4837” City of Vancouver by-law designating certain buildings, structures and lands as heritage buildings, structures and lands. Note that after January 14, 2003, protected heritage properties each have their own separate by-law enacted. Prohibits alteration of listed resources without a permit.

(18) Section 14 - Dec 2004

Documents

Transcript of (18) Section 14 - Dec 2004