18 Organic Chemistry
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Transcript of 18 Organic Chemistry
7/27/2019 18 Organic Chemistry
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Organic Chemistry
Functional Groups
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Organic Chemistry
Deals with parent molecules which are
formed by C and H atoms and other molecules which are formed or derivatized
from the parent molecule
– Have attached functional groups which act as
reactive sites – Dictate specific chemical reactivities
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Functional Groups
Part of an organic molecule that undergoes
chemical reactions – Same functional group, same types of chemical
reactions
– Determine in large measure, the physical
properties of a compound The units by which we divide organic
compounds into families of compounds
Serve as basis for naming organic compound
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Alcohols, R-OH
Contain hydroxy group/s attached to sp3 C
ExampleCH3OH
C
H
H
H
OH
Note: Lone pairs are not shown here and in subsequent structures.
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Classification of Alcohols
Dependent on number of carbons bonded to
the carbon bearing the –
OH group – Primary (1o)
– Secondary (20)
– Tertiary (3o)
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Methanol poisoning
Coconut lambanog vodka
80 proof (40% ethanol)
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Amines, R-NH2
Contain amino group/s, -NH2
Example
C N
H
H
H
H
H
CH3NH2
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Classification of Amines
Depends on number of carbons bonded to
nitrogen – Primary (1o)
– Secondary (20)
– Tertiary (3o)
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Most simple amines have strong odors.
The odor given off by raw fish is due to an aminethat it contains.
Two particularly foul smelling amines are formed
by decaying flesh.
– Cadaverine (1,5-diaminopentane)
– Putresine (1,4-diaminobutane)
Amines –
Strong Odors
Section 14.4
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Many amines have medicinal applications.
Amphetamines raise the glucose level in theblood resulting in less fatigue and hunger.
– These synthetic drugs certainly have legitimate
medical uses, but can be addictive and lead to
insomnia, excessive weight loss, and paranoia. Benzedrine is one type of amphetamine.
Amines - Medicinal
Section 14.4
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Aldehydes, R-CHO
Contain a terminal carbonyl group, C=O
Example
C C
H
O
H
H
H
CH3CHO
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Formaldehyde
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Ketones, R-CO-R
Contain a carbonyl group bonded to two
carbon atoms Example CH3COCH3
C C
O
C
H
H
H
H
H
H
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Acetone
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Carboxylic Acid, R-COOH
Contain a carboxyl (carbonyl + hydroxyl)
group Example CH3COOH
C C
O
O
H
H
H
H
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Formic acid is the simplest
carboxylic acid.
– This is the substance that
causes the painful sting of
insect bites.
Carboxylic Acids
Vinegar is a 5% solution
of acetic acid.
Section 14.4
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Identify the functional groups
CH
H
C
OH
H
O
C
H
OH
Lactic acid
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Identify the functional groups
CH
H
C
H
NH2
O
C
H
OH
Alanine
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Identify the functional groups
CH
H
C
H
H
O
C
H
OHC
O
Acetoacetic acid
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Identify the functional groups
CHO
H
OH
H
O
C
H
HC
Glyceraldehyde