18 November 1966Vol. 154, No. 3751

LETTERS Information Exchange Groups To Be Discontinued: E. A. Confrey; QualifyingOrals for the Ph.D.: A Test of the Examiners: M. Hildebrand; ShroudsAround LSD: J. C. Pollard-; Fur, Lice, and History: F. L. Dunn;Gerontocracy: M. P. de Garilhe .843

EDITORIAL The Worlds of Reflection and Action .849

ARTICLES Isotopic Paleotemperatures: C. Emiliani 851

Three-Dimensional Map Construction: G. F. Jenks and D. A. Brown 857

Development of Quantum Electrodynamics: S. Tomonaga. 864

NEWS AND COMMENT University of Montreal-Center of Ferment; Defense Research-ProjectHindsight.868

BOOK REVIEWS Traditions in Anthropology: R. F. Murphy .874The History of Psychiatry, reviewed by E. H. Ackerknecht; other reviews by

P. Kotin, H. Linschitz, J. D. Caston, W. L. Stern, P. S. Freier;New Books; Reprints; Miscellaneous Publications 875

REPORTS Sediment Movement on the Continental Shelf near Washington and Oregon:M. G. Gross and J. L. Nelson 879

Thyrocalcitonin: Ultracentrifugation in Gradients of Sucrose:J. L. H. O'Riordan et al. 885

Pacific Pleistocene Cores: Faunal Analyses and Geochronology:A. Blackman and B. L. K. Somayajulu 886

Absence of Neutral Alkali Atoms in Rhodizite: G. Donnay et al. 889

Beach Cusps: Response to Plateau's Rule?: P. E. Cloud, Jr. 890

Ultrasonic Sensitivity: A Tympanal Receptor in the Green Lace WingChrysopa carnea: L. E. Miller and E. G. MacLeod 891

Chlorinated Hydrocarbon Pesticides: Degradation by Microbes: C. 1. Chacko,J. L. Lockwood, M. Zabik.. 893

Molybdenum Diselenide: Rhombohedral High Pressure-High Temperature Polymorph:L. C. Towle et al. .. . 895

Nucleohistone Dissociation by Ganglioside Micelles: M. H. Meisler andR. H. McCluer ............. .......................................... 896

Light-Induced Changes in Pineal Hydroxyindole-O-Methyltransferase:Abolition by Lateral Hypothalamic Lesions: J. Axelrod et al. 898

Subacute Sclerosing Leukoencephalitis: Ultrastructure of Intranuclear andIntracytoplasmic Inclusions: 1. Tellez-Nagel and D. H. Harter .899

Paraproteinemia and Reticulum Cell Sarcoma in an Inbred Mouse Strain:H. J. Wanebo et al................................................... 901

Substructure of Certain Cytoplasmic Microtubules: An Electron MicroscopicStudy: P. R. Burton .......... ........................................ 903

Sweet-Sensitive Protein from Bovine Taste Buds: Isolation and Assay:F. R. Dastoli and S. Price ......... .................................... 905

Parathyroid Hormone in Plasma in Adenomatous Hyperparathyroidism, Uremia, andBronchogenic Carcinoma: S. A. Berson and R. S. Yalow ..... .............. 907

Lipolysis in Homogenates of Adipose Tissue: An Inhibitor Found in Fat fromObese Rats: H. A. Haessler and J. D. Crawford ..... ..................... 909

Desert Tortoise Gopherus agassizii: Cutaneous Water Loss: K. Schmidt-Nielsenand P. J. Bentley ..................................................... 911

Nucleotide Formation as a Determinant of 5-Fluorouracil Response in MouseLeukemias: D. Kessel, T. C. Hall, I. Wodinsky ............................ 911

Cilia Regeneration in the Sea Urchin Embryo: Evidence for a Pool of Ciliary Proteins:W. Auclair and B. W. Siegel ........................................... 913

Comparative Mutagenicity of Two Chemosterilants, Tepa Hempa, in Spermof Bracon hebetor: J. Palmquist and L. E. LaChance .915

Release of Coordinated Behavior in Crayfish by Single Central Neurons:D. Kennedy, W. H. Evoy, J. T. Hanawalt .............................. 917

Technical Comments: Tris(l-aziridinyl)Phosphine Oxide: Caution on Use:W. Klassen and T. H. Chang; Computer-Plotted Receptive Fields: H. B. Barlow,W. R. Levick, G. Westheimer; D. N. Spinelli ............................ 920

ASSOCIATION AFFAIRS Alcoholism: J. 0. Cole .... .................................................922

MEETINGS Czechoslovak Science: M. Rechcigl, Jr.; Forthcoming Events . 924

~~~ 'A ~~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ w ~~~~N .4i, COVER

~~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~ ~ Three-dimensi-onal map showing popu-~~ ;4~~~~;:~~~ .. ..~~~~~~ .~~~ lation density in central Kansas. Such

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~aps can vividly portray physical andstatistical surfaces that are difficult tovisualize in conventional two-dimen-

_ 4 ... .... .... .sonal format. See page 857. [George~~ ~ "~, "~ ..~: ~ F. Jenks and Dwight A. Brown, Uni-IM1 ISversity of Kansas, Lawrence]

18 November 1966, Volume 154, Number 3751

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SCIE:NCE:

The Worlds of Reflection and Action *

Every great modern university must balance its responsibilities to theworlds of reflection and action. There is a whole range of social rolesbetween the ivory tower and the executive desk. At one end of thespectrum sits Thoreau by his pond, the poet in his garret, the scholarin his study. At the other sits the active citizen in his committee meet-ing, the leader surrounded by his followers. Every individual must decidewhere to place himself along that range. Each has to decide how muchhe wants to become personally involved in the action and effort of hissociety.A society that aspires to creativity has urgent need of its detached

scholars and critics, as well as of those who will become deeply involvedin the world of action. Our society must have the wisdom to reflect andthe fortitude to act. It must provide the creative soil for new ideas andthe skill and patience and hardihood to put those ideas into action. Thecreative society will be one in which there is continuous and fruitful inter-action between the two worlds of action and reflection. And no institutionin our aociety can do more to keep that interaction vital and productivethan the university. It must preserve within its walls an environment inwhich the relatively disengaged scholar, artist, critic, scientist, or writercan live and flourish. But it must also relate itself to the organized worldof action.

There are those in the population, even in the alumni population, evenon the boards of trustees of some universities, who resent the fact thatthe university is a haven for dissent, for criticism, and for the freeexamination of assumptions and practices. They often strive to diminishthis fundamental role of a university. They seem to imagine that the chiefrole of the university is to endorse the status quo.On the other side, there are some within the university community

who seem to want to cut all ties with the rest of the society and topersuade every last student to choose the life of detachment and dissent.They do not like the way the society is run, but they are not inclinedto prepare young people to run it better. And they communicate to theirstudents a moral snobbism toward those who live with the ethicaldilemmas of responsible action.The life of reflection is not superior to the life of action, or vice

versa. Both are essential to a vital society. Surely our universities shouldstrive to be as effective in preparing young people for one role as for theother.

I hope that in preparing young men and women for lives as scholarsand critics our universities will make them aware of the dangers ofirresponsibility and moral snobbism. I hope that in preparing themfor the world of business and government the universities will makethem appreciative of the social function of the scholar, the dissenter,and the critic. Finally, I hope that the universities will persuade a

reasonable proportion of their graduates to move back and forth betweenthe two worlds.-JOHN W. GARDNER, Secretary of Health, Educationz,and Welfare.* This editorial is adapted from remarks delivered at the 75th Anniversary Convocationof the California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, 24 October 1966.