18-1 Finding Order in Diversity Biologists have identified and named 1.5 million species so far.
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Transcript of 18-1 Finding Order in Diversity Biologists have identified and named 1.5 million species so far.
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18-1 Finding Order in Diversity
Biologists have identified and named 1.5 million species so far
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Why Classify?
• To study the diversity of life, biologists use a classification system to name organisms and groupd them in a logical manner.
• In the discipline known as taxonomy, scientists classify organisms and assign each organism a universally accepted name
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Assigning Scientific Names
• To avoid confusion, scientists agreed to use a single name for each species. Because 18th century scientists understood Latin and Greek, they used those languages for scientific names
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Early Efforts at Naming Organisms
• It was difficult to standardize the names of organisms because different scientists described different characteristsics
• For example, an English scientist might call one species of oak as “Oak with deeply divided leaves that have no hairs on their undersides and no teeth around their edges
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Carolus Linnaeus (botanist)
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Binomial Nomenclature
• Carolus Linnaeus, a Swedish botanist developed a two-word naming system called Binomial Nomenclature, a system still in use today.
• The scientific name is always written in italics. • The first word is capitalized, the second word
is lowercased
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Binomial Nomenclature
• The first part of the scientific name is the genus to which the organism belongs. A genus is a group of closely related species
• The second part of the scientific name describes the species
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Binomial Nomenclature
Ursus arctos Ursus maritimus
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Linnaeus’s System of Classification
• Linnaeus’s hierarchical system of classification includes seven levels. They are-from smallest to largest-species, genus, family, order, class, phylum, and kingdom.
• In taxonomic nomenclature, each of these levels is called a taxon, or taxonomic category
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Linnaeus’s System of Classification
• Genera that share many characteristics are grouped in a larger category, the family
• An order is a broader taxonomic category consisting of many families
• The class is composed of similar orders• Several different classes make up a phylum• The kingdom is the largest taxonomic category
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Linnaeus’s System of Classification
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