17DPI403 Human Rights - Harvard University Fall09/17DPI403...Human rights, justice, and ... For NGO...

6
11/30/2009 1 Human rights, justice, and Human rights, justice, and DPI403 rule of law rule of law Policy Options Map of Program Options Constitution s IDEA Human rights, justice, rule_law Amnesty Democrati c governanc e Elections ACE/ UNDP IFES Parlt, parties, women Quotas Project PAR, decentraliza tion, anticorruption TI Civic society, soc cap CIVICUS Media freedom CPJ Class Structure 1. What are the concepts of human rights and humanrights based development (HRBD)? 2. Role of the UN 3 Role of Amnesty International 3. Role of Amnesty International 4. Assignment #3 Identifying priorities and challenges for one country Utilizing indicators/benchmarks/targets/cases Structuring policy options Planning effective implementation Types of strategies Capacity development With civil Monitoring Elections Brokerage Dialogue Legal conventions International Aid Conditionality Negative Financial Trade Military Peacekeeping Strategic options society With government Elections Human rights Corruption Dialogue Diplomacy International Regional Negative Positive sanctions Debt relief Force External intervention Pros and cons of each? HR Resources 1. www.amnesty.org 2. CIRI.binghampton.edu 3. Human Rights Watch www.hrw.org 3. Human Rights Watch www.hrw.org 4. Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights www.ohchr.org 5. www.universalhumanrightsindex.org/ 1. Concepts

Transcript of 17DPI403 Human Rights - Harvard University Fall09/17DPI403...Human rights, justice, and ... For NGO...

11/30/2009

1

Human rights, justice, and Human rights, justice, and 

DPI403

rule of lawrule of law

Policy OptionsMap of Program Options

Constitutions IDEA

Human rights, justice, rule_law

Amnesty

Democratic 

governance

Elections

ACE/

UNDP

IFES

Parlt, parties, women

Quotas Project

PAR, decentralization, anti‐corruption

TI

Civic society, soc cap

CIVICUS

Media freedom

CPJ

Class Structure1. What are the concepts of human rights and 

human‐rights based development (HRBD)?

2. Role of the UN

3 Role of Amnesty International3. Role of Amnesty International 

4. Assignment #3

Identifying priorities and challenges for one country

Utilizing indicators/benchmarks/targets/cases

Structuring policy options

Planning effective implementation

Types of strategies

Capacity development

With civil 

Monitoring

Elections

Brokerage

Dialogue

Legal conventions

International

Aid Conditionality

Negative

Financial

Trade 

Military

Peacekeeping

Strategic options

society

With government

Elections

Human rights

Corruption

Dialogue

Diplomacy

International

Regional

Negative

Positive

sanctions

Debt relief

Force

External intervention

Pros and cons of each?

HR Resources1. www.amnesty.org

2. CIRI.binghampton.edu

3. Human Rights Watch www.hrw.org3. Human Rights Watch www.hrw.org

4. Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights www.ohchr.org

5. www.universalhumanrightsindex.org/

1. Concepts

11/30/2009

2

Definition UNIVERSALITY: Human rights are rights inherent to all human beings, whatever our nationality, place of residence, sex, national or ethnic origin, colour, religion, language, or any other status.other status. 

EQUALITY: We are all equally entitled to our human rights without discrimination. 

COHESION: These rights are all interrelated, interdependent and indivisible. 

www.ohchr.org

Types of HR instruments Covenants, statutes, protocols and conventions are legally‐binding for those States that ratify or accede to them.

Declarations, principles, guidelines, standard rules , p p , g ,and recommendations have no binding legal effect, but they have an undeniable moral force and provide practical guidance 

Core legally‐binding treaties1. Universal Declaration of Human Rights 1948 2. International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) 19663. International Covenant on Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights (ICESCR) 19664. Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights 19765. Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political 

Rights 19896. International Convention on the Elimination of all Forms of Racial Discrimination 

(CERD) 19667. Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women

(CEDAW) 19798. Convention against Torture and other Cruel, Inhuman, or Degrading Treatment or 

Punishment (CAT) 19849. Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) 198910. Convention on the Protection of All Migrant Workers and Members of their 

Families 1990All UN Member States have ratified at least one core international human rights treaty, and 80 percent have ratified four or more.

Source: http://www.ohchr.org

Rights‐holders and duty‐bearers Human rights entail both rights and obligations.

States assume obligations and duties under international law to respect, to 

protect and to fulfill human rights. 

The obligation to respectmeans that States must refrain from interfering with or 

ili h j f h i hcurtailing the enjoyment of human rights. 

The obligation to protect requires States to protect individuals and groups against human 

rights abuses. 

The obligation to fulfillmeans that States must take positive action to facilitate the 

enjoyment of basic human rights. 

At the individual level, while we are entitled our human rights, we should also 

respect the human rights of others.

HR indicators

11/30/2009

3

2. Role of the UN

UN Roles Office of the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights

Dialogue and cooperation on international agreements on normative standards and legally‐binding instruments

Conventions, core treaties, declarations Monitor state ratification and accession Monitor legal implementation within countries

Human Rights Council Human Rights Council  Established 2006 Aims to monitor implementation of treaties and major cases of HR violations in 

international law, develop capacity and offer technical assistance 46 members elected by the General Assembly by absolute majority (96 votes). “members elected to the Council shall uphold the highest standards in the 

promotion and protection of human rights”  13 from Africa; 13 from Asia; 6 from the Eastern Europe; 8 from Latin American and 

Caribbean; and 7 from the Western European and Other States. HRW: Major weaknesses in composition and record ‘Favor cooperation over condemnation’

11/30/2009

4

HR Council MembershipIn accordance with paragraph 7 of General Assembly resolution 60/251 “the Council shall consist of forty‐seven Member States, which shall be elected directly and individually by secret ballot by the majority of the members of the General Assembly; the membership shall be based on equitable geographical p q g g pdistribution, and seats shall be distributed as follows among regional groups: Group of African States, thirteen; Group of Asian States, thirteen; Group of Eastern European States, six; Group of Latin American and Caribbean States, eight; and Group of Western European and other States, seven; the members of the Council shall serve for a period of three years and shall not be eligible for immediate re‐election after two consecutive terms”.

HR Council MembershipAfrican States Asian States Eastern European States

Latin American & Caribbean States

Western European & Other States

Angola (2010) Bangladesh (2009) Azerbaijan (2009) Bolivia (2010) Canada (2009)

Cameroon (2009) China (2009)Bosnia and Herzegovina(2010)

Brazil (2008) France (2008)

Djibouti (2009) India (2010) Romania (2008) Cuba (2009) Germany (2009)

Egypt (2010) Indonesia (2010)Russian Federation(2009)

Guatemala (2008) Italy (2010)

Gabon (2008) Japan (2008) Slovenia (2010) Mexico (2009) Netherlands (2010)( ) p ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

Ghana (2008) Jordan (2009) Ukraine (2008) Nicaragua (2010) Switzerland (2009)

Madagascar (2010) Malaysia (2009) Peru (2008) United Kingdom (2008)

Mali (2008) Pakistan (2008) Uruguay (2009)

Mauritius (2009) Philippines (2010)

Nigeria (2009) Qatar (2010)

Senegal (2009) South Korea (2008)

South Africa (2010) Saudi Arabia (2009)

Zambia (2008) Sri Lanka (2008)

UN effectiveness? Establishing international agreement and conventions?

Monitoring compliance and implementation? Highlighting cases of human rights abuses? Mobilizing international actions

3.Amnesty International

Amnesty Aims Our purpose is to protect people wherever justice, freedom, truth and dignity are denied. 

Strategies We investigate and expose abuses,  Educate and mobilize the public and Educate and mobilize the public, and  Help transform societies to create a safer, more just world. 

Structure Founded in 1961 2.2+ million supporters, activists and volunteers in over 150 countries

Complete independence from government, corporate or national interests 

11/30/2009

5

AI Issue priorities UDHR: The Universal Declaration of Human Rights Women: 15 Steps to Protect Women's Human Rights Torture: 12‐point Program for the Prevention of Torture Disappearances: 14‐Point Program for the Prevention of 

"Disappearances" Extrajudicial Executions: 14‐point Program for the Prevention of 

Extrajudicial Executions Peacekeepers: 15 Point Program for Implementing Human Rights in Peacekeepers: 15‐Point Program for Implementing Human Rights in 

International Peace‐keeping Operations Health Professionals: Amnesty International's Declaration on the Role of 

Health Professionals in the Exposure of Torture and Ill‐treatment Medical Investigations: Amnesty International's Principles for the Medical 

Investigation of Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment

Internal Displacement: Amnesty International's guiding principles for addressing the specific needs of internally displaced persons worldwide.

2007 AI activities 330 Urgent Actions issued on behalf of more than 5,000 people, communities, 

human rights organizations and families 

700 Human Rights Defenders and human rights organisations trained globally

473 briefings and reports produced

153 countries featured in Amnesty International’s Report 2007 153 countries featured in Amnesty International s Report 2007

121 campaigning projects launched

120 visits made to 77countries and territories 

57countries documented as holding prisoners of conscience or possible prisoners 

of conscience 

Source: Amnesty International

Types of HR interventions? For  UN agencies and organizations? For NGO Human Rights watchdogs?

Assignment 3 The aim of the final report is to build upon the two previous assignments by applying general insights and drilling down to specific regions, countries, and programs. 

You are asked to develop an integrated set of policy recommendations designed to strengthen the work of democratic governance advisors in the UNDP regional service centers. h h ld f h f h The report should focus on strengthening ONE of the topics in democratic governance covered in classes 13‐19 and apply these insights to provide recommendations in ONE of the countries listed below.   West Africa (Dakar office): Liberia, Sierra Leone, Mali and Benin

Asia (Bangkok office): Nepal, Bhutan, Pakistan and Bangladesh

Latin America (Panama office): Venezuela, Chile, Colombia, and Bolivia

Central and Eastern Europe (Bratislava office): Russia, Belarus, Georgia, and Ukraine 

Middle East (Beirut office): Iraq, Afghanistan, Morocco, and Egypt

Report #3 The report should be about 2,500‐3,000 words in length, in professional format. Your report should be structured with subheadings as follows.I. Executive summary of the key recommendations and the plan of your paper; II. Contents page;III. Summary of the key challenges you have selected concerning democratic 

governance in your selected country, comparing suitable benchmarks, indicators, and evidence from the research literature;indicators, and evidence from the research literature;

IV. Review of the literature and evidence about the specific causes of this problem;V. Recommendation of the main policy options and strategic programmatic 

interventions which your client should consider;VI. Conclusions and recap. VII. Technical appendix (including longer tables, larger graphs/figures, definition of 

indicators and sources, and any multivariate analysis tables, if used.)VIII. Endnotes: comprehensive list of literature and references used in the report.

11/30/2009

6

Assignment #3 Identify national priorities and challenges

What are your client’s priorities? UNDP office and the national government

Check existing mission and DG programs in UNDP Country Offices

Check government’s stated DG reform aims and objectives

Check related bilateral/NGO initiatives in the country

What are the key future priorities and what could be the next steps?

Utilize comparative performance indicators/ 

Use benchmarks/targets from the region and good practice cases

‘Map’ the problem: how extensive is the challenge?

What ‘works’? Related programs and interventions

Acknowledge limited knowledge and recommend steps to overcome this…

Structure alternative policy options  Move from ‘shopping lists’ to analytical decision trees

Think sequentially in planned steps, if‐then, if ‐then

Persuade your client that there are practical and credible strategies to solve their problems

Plan effective and memorable presentations

Less is more

Make it real‐world and real‐language, not just a technical academic exercise

Provide logical choices and alternatives for ministers and senior policymakers

Anticipate your client’s criticisms and doubts

Move to action

Principles and role of the UNDP

• National ownership (work with governments)• Multilateral cooperation, technical assistance, and aid

effectiveness (partnerships)• Capacity development for long-term sustainable humanCapacity development for long term sustainable human

development• Human-rights based development (HRBD)• Gender equality and women’s empowerment• South-south cooperation• Values derived from the Millennium Declaration

(Freedom, Equality, Solidarity, Tolerance, Respect for Nature, Shared Responsibility)

Types of programmatic areasConstitutional 

reform

Civil Society State capacityInternational principles

Elections

Media

NGOs

PAR/

Anti‐corruption

Parliaments

Justice

Human rights

Gender equality

Transparency