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17/04/2008Presentation name1Risø DTU, Technical University of Denmark Technology developments and...
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17/04/2008Presentation name1 Risø DTU, Technical University of Denmark
Technology developments and R&D landscape:Research overview from Risø
Peter Hauge Madsen
Wind Energy Division, Risø DTU
The Technical University of Denmark
Presented at
EU offshore wind industry - a Carbon Trust/EWEA event
17/04/2008Presentation name2 Risø DTU, Technical University of Denmark
Wind Energy Division - Risø DTUTechnical University of Denmark
• Windpower Meteorology
• Aeroelastic design methods
• Wind Turbine Structures
• Offshore Wind Energy
• Remote sensing & Measurements
• Windpower control & integration
• Certification Scheme
WIND ENERGYDIVISION
EDUCATION
WindTurbines
Wind EnergySystems
AeroelasticDesign
Test &Measurement
Meteorology
INTERNATIONALCONSULTING
17/04/2008Presentation name3 Risø DTU, Technical University of Denmark
”Wind Energy Roadmap” in the EC Communication of Financing Low Carbon Technologies.
TPWind priorities 2010-2012:
•Development and testing of new structures
•Automation (industry-wide study)
•Technology transfer from oil & Gas
17/04/2008Presentation name4 Risø DTU, Technical University of Denmark
Research, development and demonstration challenges – Danish MEGAVIND strategy
Target to make offshore wind power competitive with conventional coal-fired power by 2020 (50 % reduction in cost).
17/04/2008Presentation name5 Risø DTU, Technical University of Denmark
EERA JP on Wind Energy
17/04/2008Presentation name6 Risø DTU, Technical University of Denmark
EERA JP on Wind Energy
17/04/2008Presentation name7 Risø DTU, Technical University of Denmark
EERA JPWEEERA JP on Wind Energy
17/04/2008Presentation name8 Risø DTU, Technical University of Denmark
Wind Energy Division - Risø DTUTechnical University of Denmark
WIND ENERGYDIVISION
EDUCATION
WindTurbines
Wind EnergySystems
AeroelasticDesign
Test &Measurement
Meteorology
INTERNATIONALCONSULTING
Offshore Wind Energy
DTU MEK
DTU IMM
DTU BYG
17/04/2008Presentation name9 Risø DTU, Technical University of Denmark
Risø DTU – Offshore Wind Energy R&D priorities• Marine wind, wave and current conditions
– Characterize the geophysical processes,estimate local conditions and develop design basis
• Wakes in offshore wind turbine farms– Characterize and model wakes (performance and loads) in
relation to interaction between turbines, between farms and large scale climate effects
• Installation and maintenance– Methods, models and tools to support installation and
maintenance incl. Wind wave prediction, remedial and preventive maintenance and condition monitoring
• Integrated design tools– Integrated aero-hydro-servo-elastic tools incl. wave loads,soil-
structure and fluid-structure interaction
• Offshore wind integration– Models and tools for design and control of offshore grid and
clusters
• New concepts
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
Time
Po
we
r (M
W)
HRBHRAHR2HR1
28/1-2000 29/1-2000 30/1-2000 31/1-2000 1/2-2000
17/04/2008Presentation name10 Risø DTU, Technical University of Denmark
Offshore Wind Conditions
• Ocean winds• Lidar observations and
modelling• Wind resource
mapping using satellite data
• Mesoscale modelling• Meteorological mast
observations• Wind farms shadow
effect• Satellite observations
Lidar wind data andmodel from Horn’sReef offshore
Satellite windsshowing thewake at HornReef wind farm.Mean windspeed map usingsatellite EnvisatASAR.
17/04/2008Presentation name11 Risø DTU, Technical University of Denmark
Horns Rev offshore site
Courtesy: DONG Energy
and Alfredo Peña, Risø DTU
17/04/2008Presentation name12 Risø DTU, Technical University of Denmark
Wind loads dominated by wake effects
CFD – Large eddy simulation
17/04/2008Presentation name13 Risø DTU, Technical University of Denmark
Fuga – a new, linearized wake model
• Solves linearised RANS equations
• Closure: mixing length, k-or ’simple’ (t=u*z)
• Fast, mixed-spectral solver using pre-calculated look-up tables (LUTs)
• No computational grid, no numerical diffusion, no spurious mean pressure gradients
• Integration with WAsP: import of wind climate and turbine data.
• 105 times faster than conventional CFD!
17/04/2008Presentation name14 Risø DTU, Technical University of Denmark
User friendly GUI
17/04/2008Presentation name15 Risø DTU, Technical University of Denmark
Validation: Horns Rev I.
Simple closure: t=u*z
No adjustable parameters!
17/04/2008Presentation name16 Risø DTU, Technical University of Denmark
Validation: Nysted.
Simple closure: t=u*z
17/04/2008Presentation name17 Risø DTU, Technical University of Denmark
Downwind Speed Recovery• FUGA - predicts a much ”slower” speed recovery than standard wake
models. • For HR rec.distance is about 16 km; somewhat slower than observed 4)
Normalized wind speed through the wind farm and behind the wind farm compared to measurements at Horns rev. Full curves are canopy-CFD-model predictions.
_______________________________________________________________________________________4) R.J.Barthelmie et al., ” Flow and wakes in large wind farms: Final report for UpWind WP8”. Risø-R1765(EN) (2011).
17/04/2008Presentation name18 Risø DTU, Technical University of Denmark
Design of offshore wind turbines
– Offshore wind turbines are not onshore wind turbines!• hydrodynamic loads, sea ice, long periods at standby
– Offshore wind turbines are not oil rigs!• wind loads, shallow water, dynamics, unmanned
– Marriage of expertise from wind power and offshore engineering industries
– Technology Risks• Improve confidence with which offshore wind farms can be financed
and implemented
s u b - s t r u c t u r e
p i l e
f o u n d a t i o n
p i l e
p l a t f o r m
t o w e r t o w e r
s u b - s t r u c t u r e
sea floor
s u p p o r t s t r u c t u r e
rotor-nacelle assembly
seabed
water level
17/04/2008Presentation name19 Risø DTU, Technical University of Denmark
Standards for Offshore Wind Turbines
•Onshore wind turbines– IEC 61400-1, Edition 3
•Offshore wind turbines– IEC 61400-3– GL Regulations for Offshore WECS, 1995 – DNV, Design of Offshore Wind Turbine Structures, OS-J101, 2007– GL Wind, Guideline for the Certification of Offshore Wind Turbines,
2005
•Offshore structures – petroleum and natural gas industries
– ISO 19900, General Requirements for Offshore Structures, 2002– ISO 19901, Specific Requirements for Offshore Structures, 2003– ISO 19902, Fixed Steel Offshore Structures, 2004 (DIS)– ISO 19903, Fixed Concrete Offshore Structures, 2004 (DIS)
17/04/2008Presentation name20 Risø DTU, Technical University of Denmark
Walney Offshore Wind Farm Project
1. Large offshore wind farm being constructed by DONG energy with ~50 machines in phase 1
2. Siemens 3.6MW machines with monopile foundations
3. Average HH wind speed: 9.3 m/sec
4. Water depth 19m –28 m
Objectives
1. Database of loads measurements with correlated wind and wave data
2. Assessment of uncertainty in loads simulations to provide improved structural reliability.
3. Recommendations to international wind turbine standards on offshore turbine design.
Partners: Risø DTU, DONG, Siemens
17/04/2008Presentation name21 Risø DTU, Technical University of Denmark
EUDP Walney Offshore Wind Farm Project
Measurements:
• Nacelle mounted LIDAR measuring wind speed at 2.5 rotor diameter in front of turbine.
• Wave and current measurements near foundation
17/04/2008Presentation name22 Risø DTU, Technical University of Denmark
Benefits from the project and its need1. Maturity of loads prediction on offshore wind turbines,
both on the support structure, as well as rotor nacelle.• Provides offshore turbine loads data for research purposes.
• Provides for correlated wind and wave measurements for each load data point.
• One of the very few nacelle mounted LIDARs for offshore wind turbines with accurate wind measurements
2. Cost effective foundations.– Improved accuracy for site specific loads prediction– Estimation of damping of the structure to mitigate fatigue and
extreme loads
3. Long term loads on the foundations– Fatigue and ultimate strength requirement evaluations– Enables improved life prediction
17/04/2008Presentation name23 Risø DTU, Technical University of Denmark
DEEPWIND – New EU Funded Program
Vertical axis wind turbine
Bottom mounted generator for weight savings
17/04/2008Presentation name24 Risø DTU, Technical University of Denmark
Mooring point
Wave energy conversion device
3x GAIA 11kW. Downwind, Free yaw and teetering
Grid connection point
PSO project, measurements and modeling: DONG, FPP, DHI and Risø DTU
Combined floating wind- and wave energy converter – Poseidon Experiment
17/04/2008Presentation name25 Risø DTU, Technical University of Denmark
Poseidon: Modeling Challenges
Risø Hawc2 Overview
• Three rotors in one simulation– Structural modeling already possible in the multi-body formulation – Aerodynamic model updated to handle this
• Wake from upwind rotors– Already possible with the dynamic wake meandering model in HAWC2
• Large water surface area• Full coupled HAWC2-WAMSIM simulations
• HAWC2 validated aeroelastic code• WAMSIM validated radiation/diffraction
code for dynamic of floating structures from DHI
• WAMSIM recode to HAWC2 dll-interface format
• Ordinary HAWC2 turbine model• Ordinary WAMSIM model• Full system solved by HAWC2
17/04/2008Presentation name26 Risø DTU, Technical University of Denmark
•The development of offshore wind energy depends not only on industrial development and demonstration –but also on medium to long term research
•Site conditions very complex – the site specific design conditions are derived in an ad-hoc and pragmatic way
• Integrated design tools exist but are primarily used to demonstrate conservatism of approach
•Limited validation of design loads and response•Deep water (> 30 m) is a challenge•Deep water concepts under way
•Offshore wind is just at the beginning – all options are open
Conclusions
17/04/2008Presentation name27 Risø DTU, Technical University of Denmark
Thank you for your attention