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Measures of Mortality&
Mortality in Different PopulationsBY
DR MUHAMMAD TAUSEEF JAVEDCONSULTANT MINISTRY OF HEALTH
MAKKAH&
IPH LAHORE
Mortality is a term which means “death” or describes
death and related issues
Mortality Table
Selected Mortality Rates
Maternal Mortality
Rates
• With rates, the numerator is included in the denominator
• Rate is the number of or frequency of a disease per unit size of population
Ratio
Ratios
• Ratio – the relation in number, degree or quantity existing between two similar things
25 ♀ : 30 ♂
• Ratio as a fraction
25/30 or 5/6
Proportions• Compare like populations or like
illnesses within a populationFor example, 40 children are currently
ill with measles, while 80 children all together have or have had the measles
Mortality
• Deaths; describes death; related issues
• Graunt 1600s – Bills of Mortality
• Farr (1807-1883) Registrar general; vital statisticsCausesRegistration
Types of Mortality Rates/Ratio• annual death rate• crude death rates• infant mortality rates (ratio)• neonatal mortality rates• postneonatal mortality rates• perinatal mortality rates• fetal death rates• fetal death ratios• abortion rates• maternal mortality rates• adjusted mortality rates• standardized mortality ratio• specific death rates• proportionate mortality rate- case fatality rate• mortality crossover – mortality time trends
Your Assignment: familiarize yourself with the definitions
of these terms
Three Levels of Rates
• Crude rates• Adjusted rates• Specific rates/ratios
Annual Death Rates• “General” (crude) mortality rate
a population group exposed to risk of death
a time period• Crude Mortality Rate = # of deaths
occurring in that population during that period of time
Crude Death Rates• Does NOT account for differences of
age, sex, etc. in any aspect of death• Info needed:
total deaths total population a given period of time
Crude Death Rates(cont’d)
Cause Specific Mortality Rate
Cause Specific Mortality Rate
Case Fatality Rate
Specific Death Rates• For example: Early life mortality measures
Specific Death Rates
• For example: infant mortality
Infant Death Rates in the U.S.
Specific Death Rates
• Neonatal mortality rate
(cont’d)
• Postneonatal mortality rate
Neonatal & Postneonatal Death Rates
Specific Death Rates
• Perinatal mortality rates
(cont’d)
Specific Death Rates
• Fetal death rate
(cont’d)
Maternal Mortality Rates
Maternal Mortality Rates(cont’d)
Adjusted Death Rates• Allows comparisons by controlling
for differences in some variablesStandardized Mortality Ratio (SMR)Proportionate Mortality Ratio (PMR)Specific Mortality Rates
• Does NOT account for differences of age, sex, etc. in any aspect of death
• Info needed: total deaths total population a given period of time
Adjusted Death RatesAge Adjusted Rates
• Direct Method
Adjusted Death RatesAge Adjusted Rates
• Direct Method(cont’d)
Adjusted Death RatesAge Adjusted Rates
• Direct Method(cont’d)
Adjusted Death RatesAge Adjusted Rates
• Indirect Method Standard Mortality Ratio
(cont’d)
Standardized Mortality Ratio (SMR)
Standardized Mortality Ratio (SMR)
Standardized Mortality Ratio (SMR)
Specific Mortality Rates
• Age specific mortality rate
Age-Specific Mortality Rates
Other Issues Related to Mortality
• Mortality Cross-overDeath of a subject that started in one group
but “crossed over” to another group during course of study
• Mortality Time Trends• Years of Potential Life Lost (YPLL)
YPLL Rate
Years of Potential Life Lost