16(3): 421-446, Jul./Set. 2006 Natural products inhibitors ... · 422 Natural products inhibitors...

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ISSN 0102-695X

Received 10/24/05. Accepted 04/22/06

* E-mail: [email protected] and [email protected], Tel./Fax + 55-83-32167511

Revista Brasileira de FarmacognosiaBrazilian Journal of Pharmacognosy16(3): 421-446, Jul./Set. 2006

Natural products inhibitors of the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE). A review between 1980 - 2000

José M. Barbosa-Filho*, Valeska K.M. Martins, Luiza A. Rabelo, Marcelo D. Moura, Marcelo S. Silva, Emidio V.L. Cunha, Maria F.V. Souza, Reinaldo N. Almeida, Isac A. Medeiros*

Laboratório de Tecnologia Farmacêutica “Prof. Delby Fernandes de Medeiros”, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Caixa Postal 5009, 58051-970, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil

RESUMO: “Produtos naturais inibidores da enzima conversora de angiotensina (ECA). Uma revisão entre 1980 - 2000”. A inibição da Enzima Conversora da Angiotensina (ECA) é um alvo terapêutico moderno e efi caz no tratamento da hipertensão arterial. Na cascata enzimática que envolve o sistema renina-angiotensina, a ECA promove a remoção dos aminoácidos histidil-leucina da angiotensina I para formar o octapeptídio angiotensina II, a qual é fi siologicamente ativa em diversos sistemas, e considerado como um dos mais potentes vasoconstrictores endógenos conhecido. Portanto, uma racionalidade no tratamento da hipertensão seria administrar drogas ou compostos de origem natural que inibam seletivamente a ECA. O presente estudo constitui uma revisão da literatura sobre plantas e moléculas de origem natural com potencial anti-hipertensivo, baseado na inibição in vitro da ECA. A revisão referencia 321 plantas, partes usadas, tipo de extrato e se é ativo ou não. Inclui ainda o nome de 158 compostos isolados de plantas superiores, esponjas e algas marinhas, fungos e venenos de cobra. Alguns aspectos de pesquisa recente com produtos naturais direcionados à produção de drogas anti-hipertensivas também são discutidos. Nesta revisão 148 referências foram consultadas.

Unitermos: Enzima conversora da angiotensina, efeito anti hipertensivo, agentes hipotensivos.

ABSTRACT: Inhibition of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) is a modern therapeutic target in the treatment of hypertension. Within the enzyme cascade of the renin-angiotensin system, ACE removes histidyl-leucine from angiotensin I to form the physiologically active octapeptide angiotensin II, one of the most potent known vasoconstrictors. Therefore, a rationale for treating hypertension would be to administer drugs or natural compounds which selectively inhibit ACE. The present work constitutes a review of the literature of plants and chemically defi ned molecules from natural sources with in vitro anti-hypertensive potential based on the inhibition of ACE. The review refers to 321 plants, the parts utilized, type of extract and whether they are active or not. It includes also the names of 158 compounds isolated from higher plants, marine sponges and algae, fungi and snake venom. Some aspects of recent research with natural products directed to produce anti-hypertensive drugs are discussed. In this review, 148 references were cited.

Keywords: Angiotensin converting enzyme, anti-hypertensive effect, hipotensive agents.

INTRODUCTION

The Sixth Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure defi nes hypertension as systolic blood pressure (SBP) of 140 mm Hg or greater, diastolic blood pressure (DBP) of 90 mm Hg or greater, or taking anti-hypertensive medication. The objective of identifying and treating high blood pressure is to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease and associated morbidity and mortality. To that end, it is useful to provide a classifi cation of adult blood pressure for the purpose of identifying high-risk individuals and to provide guidelines for treatment. The positive relationship between SBP and DBP and cardiovascular risk has long been recognized.

This relationship is strong, continuous, graded, consistent, independent, predictive, and etiologically signifi cant for those with and without coronary heart disease (Stamler, 1991, Flack et al., 1995). Therefore, although classifi cation of adult blood pressure is somewhat arbitrary, it is useful to clinicians who must make treatment decisions based on a verifi cation of factors including the actual level of blood pressure. Hypertension detection begins with proper blood pressure measurements. Repeated blood pressure measurements will determine whether initial elevations persist and require prompt attention or have returned to normal. According to the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (1997), heart disease and stroke remain the fi rst and third leading causes of death, respectively, in the United States and impose an enormous fi nancial and

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social burden on Americans. In particular, the continued high prevalence of hypertension and hypertension-related complications of stroke, heart failure, and end-stage renal disease in the southeastern United States makes these diseases a public health concern for all who reside in this region, particularly African Americans (Hall et al., 1997). Approximately 50 million adult Americans have hypertension and are still unaware that they have high blood pressure (Burt et al., 1995). In addition, most persons with hypertension have additional risk factors for cardiovascular disease (Furster; Pearson, 1996). Thus, prevention and treatment of hypertension and target organ disease remain important public health challenges that must be addressed as we enter the new millennium. There are different way to treat the problem related to arterial hypertension. Treatment leading to lower levels may be useful, particularly to prevent stroke (Du et al., 1997), to preserve renal function (Lazarus et al., 1997) and to prevent or slow heart failure progression (Krumholz et al., 1997, Neaton et al., 1993). The goal may be achieved by lifestyle modifi cation, alone or with pharmacological treatment.

Non-Pharmacological treatment of arterial hypertension

The main objective of hypertensive treatment is to reduce the high morbidity and mortality. As well as reducing the pressure, an important objective of treatment is to control other cardiovascular risk factors. Lifestyle modifi cations offer the potential for preventing hypertension, have been shown to be effective in lowering blood pressure, and can reduce other cardiovascular risk factors at little cost and with minimal risk (Appel et al., 1997). Even when lifestyle modifi cations alone are not adequate in controlling hypertension, they may reduce the number and dosage of anti-hypertensive medications needed to manage the condition (Neaton et al., 1993, Singer et al., 1995).

Pharmacological treatment of arterial hypertension

Reducing blood pressure with drugs clearly decreases cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Protection has been demonstrated for stroke, coronary events, heart failure, progression of renal disease,

progression to more severe hypertension, and all-cause mortality (Psaty et al., 1997, Moser; Hebert, 1996). Actually, there are a lot of alternatives available to treat arterial hypertension, both in schemes of monotherapy and/or combined therapy. The effi cacy, security and effects of the different drugs are fundamental criteria to be considered in choosing the anti-hypertensive treatment scheme for each patient. In Table 1 the conventional pharmacological anti-hypertensive medications are presented, further details see references.

Mechanism of anti-hypertensive effect based on the inhibition of the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE)

The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system plays a pivotal role in the maintenance of vascular tone vis à vis peripheral resistance. Renin produced from the juxtaglomerular apparatus of the kindney, splits angiotensinogen to produce the inactive decapeptide angiotensin I. The latter is then converted to the powerful octapeptide vasoconstrictor, angiotensin II by the action of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE). Angiotensin II also stimulates the synthesis and release of aldosterone from the adrenal cortex, which increases blood pressure by promoting sodium retention (and thereby water retention) in the distal tubules (Ahnfelt-Ronne, 1991). Research suggests that angiotensin II stimulates the production of superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide in the polymorphonuclear leucocytes, which inactivates the vasodilatory compounds endothelial derived vascular relaxing factor (nitric oxide – NO) and prostacyclin (PGI2) (Kumar; Das, 1993). ACE also inactivates the vasodilating nonapeptide bradykinin, which theoretically contributes to the hypertensive effects of ACE activity (Ahnfelt-Ronne, 1991) (Figure 1). Therefore, a good rationale for treating hypertension would be to administer drugs or natural compounds which selectively inhibit ACE. Such selective inhibitors would be capable of decreasing blood pressure and producing natriuresis and diuresis.

In a previous paper this research group has reviewed crude plant extracts and chemically defi ned molecules with potential antitumor activity for mammary (Moura et al., 2001), cervical (Moura et al., 2002) and

Main lifestyle modifi cations for hypertension prevention and management.

Main Lifestyle Modifications - Lose weight if overweight. - Limit alcohol intake - Increase aerobic physical activity - Reduce sodium intake to no more than 100 mmol per day - Maintain adequate intake of dietary calcium and magnesium for general health - Stop smoking - Reduce intake of dietary saturated fat and cholesterol for overall cardiovascular health.

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ovarian neoplasias (Silva et al., 2003), as inhibitors of HMG CoA reductase (Gonçalves et al., 2000), central analgesic activity (Almeida et al., 2001), employed in prevention of osteoporosis (Pereira et al., 2002), for the treatment of Parkinson’s disease (Morais, 2003), with antileishmanial (Rocha et al., 2005), hypoglycemic (Barbosa-Filho et al., 2005), antiinfl ammatory activity (Falcão et al., 2005, Barbosa-Filho et al., 2006a) and inhibitors of the enzyme acetylcholinesterase (Barbosa-Filho et al., 2006b).

In this work we present such natural products, in other words, plant extracts, semi purifi ed fractions, chemically defi ned molecules isolated from plants and

metabolites from fungi that act specifi cally inhibiting the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE), which is one of the most powerful known vasoconstrictors.

MATERIAL AND METHODS

The keyword for this revision was ACE (Angiotensin Converting Enzyme). We made a data search in the Chemical Abstracts, Biological Abstracts and the NAPRALERT (trademark, NAtural PRoducts ALERT) database at the Illinois University, Chicago. The specialized magazines referenced were than searched.

Drugs References Diuretics Kaplan, 1996 Beta-blockers Heintzen; Strauer, 1994 Alpha1-blockers Grimm, 1989; Lasagna, 2000 Alpha2-adrenoceptor agonists Wallin; Frisk-Holmberg, 1981 Calcium channel-blockers Wenzel et al., 2000; Zannad, 2000 Angiotensin II receptor antagonists Burnier; Maillard, 2001; Chung, 1999 Inhibitors of the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE)

Waeber, 1998; Gustafsson et al., 1998

Table 1. Conventional anti-hypertensive medication

Asp-Arg-Val-Tyr-Lle-His-Pro-Phe-His-Leu - Val-Lle-His-R

angiotensinogen

renin

Asp-Arg-Val-Tyr-Lle-His-Pro-Phe - His-Leu

10 11

angiotensin I

Asp-Arg-Val--Tyr-Lle-His-Pro-Phe

angiotensin II

Vascular smooth

muscle contraction

Aldosteron

secretion

Increased

peripheralresistance

Increased

extracellularfluid volume

HYPERTENSION

ACE

bradykinin

Arg-Pro--Pro-Gly-Phe-Ser-Pro - Phe-Arg

Inactive kinins

vasodilation,

natriuresis

prostaglandins

R = remainder of protein

Figure 1. The suggested hypertensive mechanism of angiotensin. Adapted from Hansen et al., 1995 and Hansen et al., 1996a.

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RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Plants which inhibit the angiotensin converting enzyme

Screening for anti-hypertensive effects in traditional medicines has been performed over many years and several animal models have been used (Villar et al., 1986). In western medicine, drug development has become increasingly more mechanistic in focus with the aim of excluding unwanted side-effects. The rationale behind this approach is to identify a molecular target (receptor or enzyme) which has an essential role in the regulation of the disease and then search for ligands, substrates or inhibitors of the target. In the treatment of hypertension, inhibition of the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) is established as a modern therapeutic principle. Elbl and Wagner (1991) introduced an in vitro assay for the detection of ACE inhibitors in plant extracts. This method is based on the ACE-catalyzed cleavage of the chromophore-fl uorophore labelled substrate, dansyltriglycine, into dansylglycine, which is quantitatively measured by HPLC (high performance liquid chromatography). By using this technique, a number of plant species have been found to be active (Elbl; Wagner, 1991). Williams et al. (1997) using another bioassay, but also involving ACE inhibition, verifi ed that the leaves and stems of Euphorbia hirta inhibited the activity of angiotensin converting enzyme by 90% and 50% at 500 μg and 150 μg respectively using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The data are presented in Table 2. The study also revealed that the most active ACE inhibitory compounds were present in the polar and very polar fractions of the medium. The results of the literature survey are presented in Table 3, which lists the effects on angiotensin converting enzyme of 321 plant extracts. The plants are arranged in alphabetical order. Each entry gives the following information in sequence: botanical name, family, part used, type of extract or fraction, whether active or not and reference.

From these studies, is appears to be the possibe, using biomonitored phytochemical methods, to fi nd out new substances potentially active, which may prove important for the development of new substances inhibitors of the angiotensin converting enzyme.

Chemically defi ned molecules inhibitors of the angiotensin converting enzymes

Synthetic drugs such as captopril (Ondetti et al., 1977) or teprotide (Ferreira, 1965), a nonapeptide isolated from the venom of Bothrops jararacussu with established ACE inhibiting activity are used as fi rst line drugs in both secondary and primary hypertension. The rising cost of these and other imported anti-hypertensive drugs stimulates the evaluation of new products as a source of cheaper agents. Several classes of ACE inhibitory compounds were isolated from plants, for example, fl avonoids (Wagner et al., 1991; Wagner; Elbl, 1992; Hansen et al., 1996b), xanthones (Chen et al., 1992), secoiridoids (Hansen et al., 1996a). For a comprehensive review of these compounds, see Hansen (1995). The results of the literature are presented in Table 4, which lists the effects on angiotensin converting enzyme of 158 chemically defi ned molecules. The compounds are arranged in alphabetical order. Each entry gives the following information in sequence: chemical name, class, whether active or not and reference.

CONCLUSION

This revision focussed initially on the search for information about natural product inhibitors of the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE). From the literature searched, 321 species of plants and 158 natural substances which inhibit ACE were identifed. These natural products may become important for human clinical treatments.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The authors express their sincere thanks to the College of Pharmacy, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612-7231, U.S.A., for

Extract and dose Mean percentage inhibition of ACE Crude methanol 150 μg 500 μg

55.4 ± 0.02 90.3 ± 0.50

Fraction at 150 μg Petroleum ether (non-polar compounds) Chloroform (medium polar) Methanol (polar) Water (very polar)

18.2 ± 2.5 43.7 ± 4.5 48.6 ± 0.9 45.4 ± 1.8

Table 2. Percentage inhibition of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) activity by Euphorbia hirta extracts at doses of 500 μg and 150 μg

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helping with the computer aided NAPRALERT search of angiotensin-converting enzyme and CNPq/CAPES - Brazil for fi nancial support.

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16(3):jul/set. 2006

Tab

le 3

. Pla

nt e

xtra

cts s

umm

ary

show

ing

inhi

bitio

n of

ang

iote

nsin

con

verti

ng e

nzym

e Sp

ecie

s Fa

mily

Pa

rt us

ed

Extra

ct

Act

ivity

R

efer

ence

Ab

rus c

anto

nien

sis

Faba

ceae

D

ried

aeria

l H

2O

Inac

tive

Han

et a

l., 1

991

Abut

ilon

indi

cum

M

alva

ceae

R

oot

Roo

t R

oot

Ace

tone

Et

OH

(95%

) H

2O

Wea

k In

activ

e W

eak

Han

sen,

199

5 H

anse

n, 1

995

Han

sen,

199

5 Ac

hyra

nthe

s asp

era

Am

aran

thac

eae

Aer

ial p

arts

A

eria

l par

ts

Aer

ial p

arts

Ace

tone

Et

OH

(95%

) H

2O

Wea

k A

ctiv

e W

eak

Han

sen,

199

5 H

anse

n, 1

995

Han

sen,

199

5 Ac

hyra

nthe

s bid

enta

ta

Am

aran

thac

eae

Drie

d ro

ot

MeO

H-H

2O (1

:1)

Inac

tive

Inok

uchi

et a

l., 1

984

Achy

rant

hes j

apon

ica

Am

aran

thac

eae

Roo

t M

eOH

In

activ

e O

h et

al.,

199

7 Ac

hyra

nthe

s rub

rofu

sca

Am

aran

thac

eae

Aer

ial p

arts

A

eria

l par

ts

Ace

tone

Et

OH

(95%

) W

eak

Wea

k H

anse

n, 1

995

Han

sen,

199

5 Ac

onitu

m k

orea

num

R

anun

cula

ceae

Tu

ber

MeO

H

Inac

tive

Oh

et a

l., 1

997

Acon

itum

locz

nanu

m

Ran

uncu

lace

ae

Roo

t M

eOH

In

activ

e O

h et

al.,

199

7 Ac

orus

gra

min

eus

Ara

ceae

R

hizo

me

Drie

d rh

izom

e M

eOH

H

2O

Inac

tive

Wea

k O

h et

al.,

199

7 H

an, 1

991

Actin

idia

arg

uta

Act

inid

acea

e Fr

uit

MeO

H

Inac

tive

Oh

et a

l., 1

997

Actin

oste

mm

a lo

batu

m

Cuc

urbi

tace

ae

Drie

d en

tire

plan

t M

eOH

-H2O

(1:1

) A

ctiv

e In

okuc

hi e

t al.,

198

4 Ag

rim

onia

pilo

sa

Ros

acea

e A

eria

l par

ts

MeO

H

Inac

tive

Oh

et a

l., 1

997

Ajug

a de

cum

bens

La

mia

ceae

D

ried

entir

e pl

ant

MeO

H-H

2O (1

:1)

Inac

tive

Inok

uchi

et a

l., 1

984

Akeb

ia sp

. La

rdiz

abal

acea

e D

ried

stem

M

eOH

-H2O

(1:1

) In

activ

e In

okuc

hi e

t al.,

198

4 Al

bizia

julib

rissin

Fa

bace

ae

Bar

k D

ried

bark

M

eOH

H

2O

Inac

tive

Equi

voca

l O

h et

al.,

199

7 H

an, 1

991

Alism

a or

ient

ale

Alis

mat

acea

e D

ried

rhiz

ome

Drie

d rh

izom

e R

hizo

me

MeO

H-H

2O (1

:1)

H2O

M

eOH

Inac

tiva

Act

ive

Inac

tive

Inok

uchi

et a

l., 1

984

Han

, 199

1 O

h et

al.,

199

7 Al

lium

sativ

um

Lilia

ceae

Fr

esh

bulb

Ly

ophi

lized

In

activ

e Se

ndl e

t al.,

199

2 Al

lium

urs

inum

Li

liace

ae

Fres

h bu

lb

Fres

h le

af

Lyop

hiliz

ed

Lyop

hiliz

ed

Inac

tive

Act

ive

Send

l et a

l., 1

992

Send

l et a

l., 1

992

Allo

phyl

us e

dulis

Sa

pind

acea

e B

ranc

hes

Bra

nche

s B

ranc

hes

Bra

nche

s B

ranc

hes

Hex

ane

CH

Cl 3

BuO

H

EtO

H (7

0%)

H2O

Inac

tive

Inac

tive

Act

ive

Act

ive

Inac

tive

Aris

awa

et a

l., 1

989

Aris

awa

et a

l., 1

989

Aris

awa

et a

l., 1

989

Aris

awa

et a

l., 1

989

Aris

awa

et a

l., 1

989

Anem

arrh

ena

asph

odel

oide

s Li

liace

ae

Riz

hom

e M

eOH

In

activ

e O

h et

al.,

199

7 An

gelic

a ac

utilo

ba

Api

acea

e D

ried

root

D

ried

root

Et

OH

(95%

) D

ecoc

tion

Act

ive

Act

ive

Ham

et a

l., 1

996

Kan

etos

hi e

t al.,

199

3 An

gelic

a gi

gas

Api

acea

e D

ried

root

R

oot

EtO

H (9

5%)

MeO

H

Act

ive

Wea

k H

am e

t al.,

199

6 O

h et

al.,

199

7 An

gelic

a ke

iske

i A

piac

eae

Drie

d le

af

EtO

H (8

0%)

Act

ive

Shim

izu

et a

l., 1

999

431



Ange

lica

kore

ana

Api

acea

e R

izho

me

MeO

H

Inac

tive

Oh

et a

l., 1

997

Ange

lica

pube

scen

s A

piac

eae

Drie

d ro

ot

MeO

H-H

2O (1

:1)

H2O

In

activ

e W

eak

Inok

uchi

et a

l., 1

984

Han

et a

l., 1

991

Ange

lica

sinen

sis

Api

acea

e

Drie

d ro

ot

H2O

Eq

uivo

cal

Han

et a

l., 1

991

Ange

lica

spec

ies

Api

acea

e D

ried

root

M

eOH

-H2O

(1:1

) In

activ

e In

okuc

hi e

t al.,

198

4 An

gelic

a te

nuiss

ima

Api

acea

e R

izho

me

MeO

H

Inac

tive

Oh

et a

l., 1

997

Arct

ium

lapp

a A

ster

acea

e D

ried

fruit

Drie

d fru

it Se

ed

MeO

H-H

2O (1

:1)

H2O

M

eOH

Inac

tive

Equi

voca

l In

activ

e

Inok

uchi

et a

l., 1

984

Han

et a

l., 1

991

Oh

et a

l., 1

997

Arec

a ca

tech

u A

reca

ceae

D

ried

seed

D

ried

seed

D

ried

seed

Chr

omat

og. f

ract

ion

MeO

H-H

2O (1

:1)

Tann

in fr

actio

n

Act

ive

Act

ive

Act

ive

Inok

uchi

et a

l., 1

984

Inok

uchi

et a

l., 1

984

Inok

uchi

et a

l., 1

996a

Ar

isaem

a am

uren

se

Ara

ceae

R

izho

me

MeO

H

Inac

tive

Oh

et a

l., 1

997

Arisa

ema

cons

angu

ineu

m

Ara

ceae

D

ried

rizho

me

H2O

A

ctiv

e H

an 1

991

Arist

oloc

hia

cont

orta

A

risto

loch

iace

ae

Aer

ial p

arts

M

eOH

In

activ

e O

h et

al.,

199

7 Ar

istol

ochi

a de

bilis

A

risto

loch

iace

ae

Drie

d ro

ot

H2O

A

ctiv

e H

an 1

991

Arist

oloc

hia

man

shur

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is A

risto

loch

iace

ae

Drie

d st

em

Stem

St

em

Stem

H2O

A

ceto

ne

EtO

H (9

5%)

H2O

Wea

k A

ctiv

e A

ctiv

e A

ctiv

e

Han

199

1 H

anse

n et

al.,

199

5 H

anse

n et

al.,

199

5 H

anse

n et

al.,

199

5 Ar

istot

elia

chi

lens

is

Elae

ocar

pace

ae

Bar

k Et

OH

(95%

) A

ctiv

e H

anse

n et

al.,

199

5 Ar

tem

isia

apia

ceae

A

ster

acea

e A

eria

l par

ts

MeO

H

Inac

tive

Oh

et a

l., 1

997

Arte

misi

a ca

pilla

ris

Ast

erac

eae

Aer

ial p

arts

D

ried

entir

e M

eOH

M

eOH

-H2O

(1:1

) In

activ

e In

activ

e O

h et

al.,

199

7 In

okuc

hi e

t al.,

198

4 As

arum

het

erot

ropo

ides

A

risto

loch

iace

ae

Drie

d ae

rial

H2O

A

ctiv

e H

an e

t al.,

199

1 As

arum

sieb

oldi

i A

risto

loch

iace

ae

Aer

ial p

arts

D

ried

aeria

l M

eOH

H

2O

Inac

tive

Act

ive

Oh

et a

l., 1

997

Han

et a

l., 1

991

Asar

um sp

. A

risto

loch

iace

ae

Drie

d en

tire

plan

t M

eOH

-H2O

(1:1

) In

activ

e In

okuc

hi e

t al.,

198

4 As

para

gus c

ochi

nche

nens

is Li

liace

ae

Drie

d ro

ot

H2O

In

activ

e H

an e

t al.,

199

1 As

tilbe

chi

nens

is

Saxi

fraga

ceae

A

eria

l par

ts

MeO

H

Inac

tive

Oh

et a

l., 1

997

Astra

galu

s mem

bran

aceu

s Fa

bace

ae

Drie

d ro

ot

MeO

H-H

2O (1

:1)

Inac

tive

Inok

uchi

et a

l., 1

984

Astra

galu

s sin

icus

Fa

bace

ae

Aer

ial p

arts

M

eOH

In

activ

e O

h et

al.,

199

7 At

ract

ylod

es ja

poni

ca

Ast

erac

eae

Rhi

zom

e R

hizo

me

Rhi

zom

e

CH

Cl 3

H2O

M

eOH

Wea

k W

eak

Wea

k

Oh

et a

l., 1

997

Oh

et a

l., 1

997

Oh

et a

l., 1

997

Atra

ctyl

odes

mac

roce

phal

a A

ster

acea

e D

ried

rhiz

ome

H2O

Eq

uivo

cal

Han

et a

l., 1

991

Bela

mca

nda

chin

ensis

Iri

dace

ae

Drie

d rh

izom

e D

ried

root

M

eOH

-H2O

(1:1

) H

2O

Inac

tive

Equi

voca

l In

okuc

hi e

t al.,

198

4 H

an e

t al ,

199

1 Be

ninc

asa

hisp

ida

Cuc

urbi

tace

ae

Seed

M

eOH

W

eak

Oh

et a

l., 1

997

Bisto

rta su

ffulta

Po

lygo

nace

ae

Aer

ial p

arts

M

eOH

In

activ

e O

h et

al.,

199

7 Bo

ehm

eria

niv

ea

Urti

cace

ae

Aer

ial p

arts

M

eOH

In

activ

e O

h et

al.,

199

7

432



16(3):jul/set. 2006

Boeh

mer

ia tr

icus

pis

Urti

cace

ae

Aer

ial p

arts

M

eOH

In

activ

e O

het a

l., 1

997

Boer

havi

a di

ffusa

N

ycta

gina

ceae

R

oot

Roo

t R

oot

Ace

tone

Et

OH

(95%

) H

2O

Wea

k W

eak

Act

ive

Han

sen

et a

l., 1

995

Han

sen

et a

l., 1

995

Han

sen

et a

l., 1

995

Bupl

euru

m fa

lcat

um

Api

acea

e R

oot

Roo

t R

oot

CH

Cl 3

H2O

M

eOH

Wea

k In

activ

e W

eak

Oh

et a

l., 1

997

Oh

et a

l., 1

997

Oh

et a

l., 1

997

Cam

ellia

japo

nica

Th

eace

ae

Flow

ers

MeO

H

Inac

tive

Oh

et a

l., 1

997

Cam

ellia

sine

nsis

Th

eace

ae

Gre

en le

af

Drie

d le

af

Ace

tone

A

ceto

ne

Act

ive

Inac

tive

Cho

et a

l., 1

993

Mita

ne e

t al.,

199

6 Ca

rdio

sper

mum

hal

icac

abum

Sa

pind

acea

e A

eria

l par

ts

Aer

ial p

arts

A

eria

l par

ts

Ace

tone

Et

OH

(95%

) H

2O

Wea

k In

activ

e W

eak

Han

sen

et a

l., 1

995

Han

sen

et a

l., 1

995

Han

sen

et a

l., 1

995

Card

us c

rispu

s A

ster

acea

e A

eria

l par

ts

MeO

H

Inac

tive

Oh

et a

l., 1

997

Carp

esiu

m a

brot

anoi

des

Ast

erac

eae

Aer

ial p

arts

M

eOH

In

activ

e O

h et

al.,

199

7 Ca

rsel

la b

ursa

-pas

toris

B

rass

icas

eae

Drie

d en

tire

plan

t M

eOH

-H2O

(1:1

) In

activ

e In

okuc

hi e

t al.,

198

4 Ca

ssia

obt

usifo

lia

Faba

ceae

D

ried

seed

H

2O

Inac

tive

Han

et a

l., 1

991

Cass

ia sp

. Fa

bace

ae

Drie

d se

ed

MeO

H-H

2O (1

:1)

Inac

tive

Inok

uchi

et a

l., 1

984

Cayr

atia

japo

nica

V

itace

ae

Aer

ial p

arts

M

eOH

In

activ

e O

h et

al.,

199

7 Ce

lastr

us o

rbic

ulat

us

Cel

astra

ceae

R

oot

MeO

H

Inac

tive

Oh

et a

l., 1

997

Cent

ella

asia

tica

Api

acea

e A

eria

l par

ts

Aer

ial p

arts

A

eria

l par

ts

Ace

tone

Et

OH

(95%

) H

2O

Act

ive

Act

ive

Act

ive

Han

sen

et a

l., 1

995

Han

sen

et a

l., 1

995

Han

sen

et a

l., 1

995

Cent

iped

a m

inim

a A

ster

acea

e D

ried

aeria

l H

2O

Inac

tive

Han

et a

l., 1

991

Chen

opod

ium

alb

um

Che

nopo

diac

eae

Drie

d en

tire

plan

t M

eOH

-H2O

(1:1

) In

activ

e In

okuc

hi e

t al.,

198

4 Ch

ysan

then

um in

dicu

m

Ast

erac

eae

Flow

ers

MeO

H

Inac

tive

Oh

et a

l., 1

997

Chys

anth

enum

lava

ndul

aefo

lium

A

ster

acea

e D

ried

flow

ers

H2O

A

ctiv

e H

an e

t al.,

199

1 Ci

mic

ifuga

foet

ida

Ran

uncu

lace

ae

Drie

d riz

hom

e M

eOH

-H2O

(1:1

) In

activ

e In

okuc

hi e

t al.,

198

4 Ci

mic

ifuga

her

acle

ifolia

R

anun

cula

ceae

R

hizo

me

MeO

H

Inac

tive

Oh

et a

l., 1

997

Cinn

amom

um c

assi

a

Laur

acea

e B

ark

Drie

d ba

rk

Drie

d tw

ig

MeO

H

Tann

in fr

actio

n H

2O

Inac

tive

Act

ive

Inac

tive

Oh

et a

l., 1

997

Inok

uchi

et a

l., 1

984

H

an e

t al.,

199

1 Ci

nnam

omum

zeyl

anic

um

Laur

acea

e D

ried

bark

D

ried

bark

C

hrom

atog

. fra

ctio

n M

eOH

-H2O

(1:1

) A

ctiv

e A

ctiv

e In

okuc

hi e

t al.,

198

4 In

okuc

hi e

t al.,

198

4 Ci

rsiu

m ja

poni

cum

A

ster

acea

e A

eria

l par

ts

MeO

H

Inac

tive

Oh

et a

l., 1

997

Citru

s aur

antiu

m

Rut

acea

e D

ried

fruit

H2O

In

activ

e H

an e

t al.,

199

1 Ci

trus u

nshi

u R

utac

eae

Fras

s M

eOH

In

activ

e O

h et

al.,

199

7 Cl

emat

is ap

iifol

ia

Ran

uncu

lace

ae

Aer

ial p

arts

M

eOH

In

activ

e O

h et

al.,

199

7 Cl

emat

is ch

inen

sis

Ran

uncu

lace

ae

Drie

d ro

ot

MeO

H-H

2O (1

:1)

Inac

tive

Inok

uchi

et a

l., 1

984

Clem

atis

hera

clei

folia

R

anun

cula

ceae

A

eria

l par

ts

MeO

H

Inac

tive

Oh

et a

l., 1

997

Clem

atis

man

dsch

uric

a R

anun

cula

ceae

R

oot

MeO

H

Inac

tive

Oh

et a

l., 1

997

433



Cler

oden

drum

tric

hoto

mum

V

erbe

nace

ae

Aer

ial p

arts

M

eOH

W

eak

Oh

et a

l., 1

997

Cnid

ium

offi

cina

le

Api

acea

e R

hizo

me

MeO

H

Inac

tive

Oh

et a

l., 1

997

Cnid

ium

sp.

Api

acea

e D

ried

rhiz

ome

MeO

H-H

2O (1

:1)

Inac

tive

Inok

uchi

.et a

l., 1

984

Coix

lacr

yma-

jobi

Po

acea

e D

ried

seed

H

2O

Equi

voca

l H

an e

t al.,

199

1 Co

llybi

a dr

yoph

ila

Tric

holo

mat

acea

e D

ried

orga

nism

H

2O

Inac

tive

Mel

zig

et a

l., 1

996

Cono

psis

pilo

sula

C

ampa

nula

ceae

D

ried

root

M

eOH

-H2O

(1:1

) In

activ

e In

okuc

hi e

t al.,

198

4 Co

rnus

offi

cina

lis

Cor

nace

ae

Frui

t M

eOH

In

activ

e O

h et

al.,

199

7 Co

rnus

sp.

Cor

nace

ae

Fres

h fru

it M

eOH

-H2O

(1:1

) In

activ

e In

okuc

hi e

t al.,

198

4 Co

ryda

lis te

rnat

a Pa

pave

race

ae

Tube

r M

eOH

In

activ

e O

h et

al.,

199

7 Co

rylu

s het

erop

hyla

B

etul

acea

e A

eria

l par

ts

MeO

H

Inac

tive

Oh

et a

l., 1

997

Crat

aegu

s pin

natif

ida

Ros

acea

e D

ried

fruit

Seed

Fl

ower

s Fl

ower

s Fl

ower

s

H2O

M

eOH

A

ceto

ne

EtO

H (9

5%)

H2O

Act

ive

Inac

tive

Inac

tive

Inac

tive

Wea

k

Han

et a

l., 1

991

Oh

et a

l., 1

997

Han

sen

et a

l., 1

995

Han

sen

et a

l., 1

995

Han

sen

et a

l., 1

995

Crat

aegu

s sp.

R

osac

eae

Fres

h fru

it M

eOH

-H2O

(1:1

) A

ctiv

e In

okuc

hi e

t al.,

198

4 Cr

emas

tra v

aria

bilis

O

rchi

dace

ae

Tube

r M

eOH

In

activ

e O

h et

al.,

199

7 Cu

pres

sus s

empe

rvir

ens

Cup

ress

acea

e D

ried

fruit

Flav

onoi

d fr

actio

n A

ctiv

e M

euni

er e

t al.,

198

7 Cu

rcul

igo

orch

ioid

es

Hyp

oxid

acea

e D

ried

rizho

me

H2O

In

activ

e H

an e

t al.,

199

1 Cy

athu

la o

ffici

nalis

A

mar

anth

acea

e D

ried

root

H

2O

Wea

k H

an e

t al.,

199

1 Cy

noste

mm

a pe

ntap

hylla

C

ucur

bita

ceae

D

ried

aeria

l In

fusi

on

Act

ive

Che

n et

al.,

199

6 Cy

peru

s rot

undu

s C

yper

acea

e D

ried

rizho

me

H2O

In

activ

e H

an e

t al.,

199

1 D

aeda

leop

sis c

onfra

gosa

Po

lypo

race

ae

Drie

d or

gani

sm

H2O

W

eak

Mel

zig

et a

l., 1

996

Dal

berg

ia o

dorif

era

Fa

bace

ae

Drie

d w

ood

H2O

A

ctiv

e H

an e

t al.,

199

1 D

aphn

e ge

nkwa

Th

ymel

aece

ae

Drie

d flo

wer

s H

2O

Equi

voca

l H

an e

t al.,

199

1 D

endr

obiu

m sp

. O

rchi

dace

ae

Drie

d or

gani

sm

MeO

H-H

2O (1

:1)

Inac

tive

Inok

uchi

et a

l., 1

984

Des

mod

ium

gan

getic

um

Faba

ceae

R

oot

Roo

t R

oot

Ace

tone

Et

OH

(95%

) H

2O

Inac

tive

Act

ive

Act

ive

Han

sen

et a

l., 1

995

Han

sen

et a

l., 1

995

Han

sen

et a

l., 1

995

Des

mod

ium

styr

acifo

lium

Fa

bace

ae

Leaf

+ S

tem

A

ceto

ne

EtO

H (9

5%)

H2O

Act

ive

Act

ive

Act

ive

Han

sen

et a

l., 1

995

Han

sen

et a

l., 1

995

Han

sen

et a

l., 1

995

Dia

nthu

s sup

erbu

s C

aryo

phyl

lace

ae

Drie

d se

ed

MeO

H-H

2O (1

:1)

Inac

tive

Inok

uchi

et a

l., 1

984

Dic

hroa

febr

ifuga

Sa

xifra

gace

ae

Aer

ial p

arts

M

eOH

In

activ

e O

h et

al.,

199

7 D

icta

mnu

s das

ycar

pus

Rut

acea

e D

ried

bark

B

lood

H

2O

MeO

H

Inac

tive

Inac

tive

Han

et a

l., 1

991

Oh

et a

l., 1

997

Dio

scor

ea o

ppos

ita

Dio

scor

eace

ae

Drie

d ro

ot

H2O

W

eak

Han

et a

l., 1

991

Dio

spyr

os k

aki

Eben

acea

e D

ried

leaf

C

alix

M

eOH

-H2O

(1:1

) M

eOH

In

activ

e In

activ

e In

okuc

hi e

t al.,

198

4 O

h et

al.,

199

7 D

ipsa

cus a

sper

D

issa

cace

ae

Drie

d ro

ot

H2O

Eq

uivo

cal

Han

et a

l., 1

991

Dry

nari

a fo

rtune

i Po

lypo

diac

eae

Rhy

zom

e H

2O

Equi

voca

l H

an e

t al.,

199

1

434



16(3):jul/set. 2006

Echi

nops

setif

er

Ast

erac

eae

Roo

t M

eOH

In

activ

e O

h et

al.,

199

7 El

euth

ecoc

cus d

ivar

icat

us

Ara

liace

ae

Drie

d ste

mba

rk

BuO

H

Act

ive

Leem

199

0 El

euth

ecoc

cus g

raci

listy

lus

Ara

liace

ae

Drie

d ba

rk

Drie

d ro

ot

H2O

H

2O

Wea

k Eq

uivo

cal

Han

et a

l., 1

991

Han

et a

l., 1

991

Eleu

thec

occu

s sen

ticos

us

Ara

liace

ae

Drie

d ste

m

CH

Cl 3

Act

ive

Taka

shar

i et a

l., 1

993

Eleu

thec

occu

s ses

silifl

orus

A

ralia

ceae

B

ark

MeO

H

Inac

tive

Oh

et a

l., 1

997

Elsh

oltzi

a sp

lend

ens

Lam

iace

ae

Drie

d ae

rial p

arts

H2O

W

eak

Han

et a

l., 1

991

Enta

da p

ursa

etha

Fa

bace

ae

Seed

Se

ed

Seed

Ace

tone

Et

OH

(95%

) H

2O

Wea

k A

ctiv

e A

ctiv

e

Han

sen

et a

l., 1

995

Han

sen

et a

l., 1

995

Han

sen

et a

l., 1

995

Ephe

dra

sinic

a

Ephe

drac

eae

Drie

d ae

rial p

arts

Tann

in fr

actio

n A

ctiv

e In

okuc

hi e

t al.,

198

5 Ep

hedr

a sp

. Ep

hedr

acea

e D

ried

entir

e pl

ant

Drie

d en

tire

plan

t C

hrom

atog

. fra

ctio

n M

eOH

-H2O

(1:1

) A

ctiv

e A

ctiv

e In

okuc

hi e

t al.,

198

4 In

okuc

hi e

t al.,

198

4 Ep

imed

ium

alp

inum

B

erbe

ridac

eae

Drie

d ae

rial p

arts

Ta

nnin

frac

tion

Act

ive

Inok

uchi

et a

l., 1

985

Epim

ediu

m b

revi

corn

um

Ber

berid

acea

e N

ot sp

ecifi

ed

H2O

A

ctiv

e H

an e

t al.,

199

1 Ep

imed

ium

mac

rant

hum

B

erbe

ridac

eae

Drie

d en

tire

plan

t D

ried

entir

e pl

ant

Chr

omat

og. f

ract

ion

MeO

H-H

2O (1

:1)

Act

ive

Act

ive

Inok

uchi

et a

l., 1

984

Inok

uchi

et a

l., 1

984

Equi

setu

m h

yem

ale

Equi

seta

ceae

D

ried

stem

H

2O

Act

ive

Han

et a

l., 1

991

Eryt

hrox

ylum

laur

ifoliu

m

Eryt

hrox

ylac

eae

Drie

d le

af

EtO

H (1

00%

) A

ctiv

e H

anse

n et

al.,

199

6b

Esca

lloni

a m

yrtio

ides

G

ross

ular

iace

ae

Aer

ial p

arts

Et

OH

(96%

) W

eak

Han

sen

et a

l., 1

995

Euco

mm

ia u

lmio

des

Euco

mm

iace

ae

Drie

d ba

rk

Drie

d ba

rk

MeO

H-H

2O (1

:1)

H2O

In

activ

e In

activ

e In

okuc

hi e

t al.,

198

4 H

an e

t al.,

199

1 Eu

odia

offi

cina

lis

Rut

acea

e Fr

uit

Frui

t Fr

uit

CH

Cl 3

H2O

M

eOH

Wea

k In

activ

e W

eak

Oh

et a

l., 1

997

Oh

et a

l., 1

997

Oh

et a

l., 1

997

Euon

ymus

ala

tus

Cel

astra

ceae

B

ark

MeO

H

Inac

tive

Will

iam

s et a

l., 1

997

Eupa

toriu

m fo

rtune

i A

ster

acea

e

Drie

d ae

rial p

arts

H2O

Eq

uivo

cal

Han

et a

l., 1

991

Euph

orbi

a hi

rta

Euph

orbi

acea

e D

ried

leaf

M

eOH

A

ctiv

e W

illia

ms e

t al.,

199

7 Eu

phor

bia

hum

ifusa

Eu

phor

biac

eae

Drie

d ae

rial p

arts

H2O

A

ctiv

e H

an e

t al.,

199

1 Eu

phor

bia

kans

ui

Euph

orbi

acea

e D

ried

aeria

l par

ts D

ried

aeria

l par

ts

Drie

d ae

rial p

arts

CH

Cl 3

H2O

M

eOH

Wea

k In

activ

e W

eak

Oh

et a

l., 1

997

Oh

et a

l., 1

997

Oh

et a

l., 1

997

Euph

oria

long

ana

Sapi

ndac

eae

Drie

d fru

it H

2O

Wea

k H

an e

t al.,

199

1 Fl

amm

ulin

a ve

lutip

es

Tric

holo

mat

acea

e D

ried

orga

nism

H

2O

Wea

k M

elzi

g et

al.,

199

6 Fo

mes

fom

enta

rius

Poly

pora

ceae

D

ried

orga

nism

H

2O

Inac

tive

Mel

zig

et a

l., 1

996

Fom

itops

is pi

nico

la

Poly

pora

ceae

D

ried

orga

nism

H

2O

Inac

tive

Mel

zig

et a

l., 1

996

Fors

ythi

a su

spen

sa

Ole

acea

e D

ried

fruit

H2O

Eq

uivo

cal

Han

et a

l., 1

991

Friti

llaria

sp.

Lilia

ceae

D

ried

bulb

M

eOH

-H2O

(1:1

) A

ctiv

e In

okuc

hi e

t al.,

198

4 Fu

chsi

a m

agel

lani

ca

Ona

grac

eae

Aer

ial p

arts

H

2O

Act

ive

Han

sen

et a

l., 1

995

Gal

ium

ver

um

Rub

iace

ae

Aer

ial p

arts

M

eOH

W

eak

Oh

et a

l., 1

997

Gan

oder

ma

lipsie

nse

Gan

oder

mat

acea

e D

ried

orga

nism

H

2O

Inac

tive

Mel

zig

et a

l., 1

996

435



Gan

oder

ma

luci

dum

G

anod

erm

atac

eae

Drie

d or

gani

sm

H2O

W

eak

Han

et a

l., 1

991

Gar

deni

a ja

smin

oide

s R

ubia

ceae

D

ried

fruit

Frui

t D

rid fr

uit

MeO

H-H

2O (1

:1)

MeO

H

H2O

Inac

tive

Inac

tive

Equi

voca

l

Inok

uchi

et a

l., 1

984

Oh

et a

l., 1

997

Han

et a

l., 1

991

Gea

stru

m m

elan

ocep

halu

m

Ges

trace

ae

Drie

d or

gani

sm

H2O

In

activ

e M

elzi

g et

al.,

199

6 G

entia

na m

acro

phyl

la

Gen

tiana

ceae

D

ried

root

D

ried

root

M

eOH

-H2O

(1:1

) H

2O

Inac

tive

Equi

voca

l In

okuc

hi e

t al.,

198

4 H

an e

t al.,

199

1 G

entia

na sc

abra

G

entia

nace

ae

Roo

t M

eOH

In

activ

e O

h et

al.,

199

7 G

eran

ium

cor

e-co

re

Ger

ania

ceae

A

eria

l par

ts

H2O

A

ctiv

e H

anse

n et

al.,

199

5 G

eran

ium

wilf

ordi

i G

eran

iace

ae

Drie

d ae

rial p

arts

H

2O

Inac

tive

Han

et a

l., 1

991

Geu

m ja

poni

cum

R

osac

eae

Aer

ial p

arts

M

eOH

In

activ

e O

h et

al.,

199

7 G

lehn

ia li

ttora

lis

Api

acea

e D

ried

root

H

2O

Equi

voca

l H

an e

t al.,

199

1 G

lycy

rrhi

za u

rale

nsis

Fa

bace

ae

Roo

t R

oot

MeO

H

H2O

In

activ

e In

activ

e O

h et

al.,

199

7 H

an e

t al.,

199

1 G

unne

ra ti

ncto

ria

Gun

nera

ceae

Le

af

Leaf

Le

af

BuO

H

EtO

Ac

EtO

H (9

5%)

Act

ive

Act

ive

Act

ive

Han

sen

et a

l., 1

995

Han

sen

et a

l., 1

995

Han

sen

et a

l., 1

995

Hed

ysar

um p

olyb

otry

s Fa

bace

ae

Drie

d ro

ot

H2O

A

ctiv

e H

an e

t al.,

199

1 H

elia

nthu

s tub

eros

us

Ast

erac

eae

Aer

ila p

arts

M

eOH

In

activ

e O

h et

al.,

199

7 H

eter

obas

idio

n an

nosu

s Po

lypo

race

ae

Drie

d or

gani

sm

H2O

In

activ

e M

elzi

g et

al.,

199

6 H

exac

hlam

ys e

dulis

M

yrta

ceae

Le

af

Leaf

A

ceto

ne-H

2O (1

:1)

EtO

H (9

5%)

Stro

ng

Act

ive

Han

sen

et a

l., 1

995

Han

sen

et a

l., 1

995

Hom

alom

ena

occu

lta

Ara

ceae

D

ried

root

H

2O

Equi

voca

l H

an e

t al.,

199

1 H

outtu

ynia

cor

data

Sa

urur

acea

e A

eria

l par

ts

Entir

e pl

ant

Entir

e pl

ant

Entir

e pl

ant

Drie

d ae

rial p

arts

D

ried

entir

e pl

ant

MeO

H

Ace

tone

Et

OH

(95%

) H

2O

H2O

M

eOH

-H2O

(1:1

)

Equi

voca

l A

ctiv

e A

ctiv

e A

ctiv

e Eq

uivo

cal

Inac

tive

Oh

et a

l., 1

997

Han

sen

et a

l., 1

995

Han

sen

et a

l., 1

995

Han

sen

et a

l., 1

995

Han

et a

l., 1

991

Inok

uchi

et a

l., 1

984

Inon

otus

obl

iqus

H

ymen

ocha

etac

eae

Drie

d or

gani

sm

H2O

In

activ

e M

elzi

g et

al.,

199

6 In

ula

japo

nica

A

ster

acea

e A

eria

l par

ts

Drie

d flo

wer

s M

eOH

H

2O

Inac

tive

Equi

voca

l O

h et

al.,

199

7 H

an e

t al.,

199

1 Ja

smin

un a

zoric

um

Ole

acea

e D

ried

aeria

l par

ts

Drie

d ae

rial p

arts

D

ried

aeria

l par

ts

Drie

d ae

rial p

arts

CH

2Cl 2

Chr

omat

og. f

ract

ion

EtO

Ac

H2O

Act

ive

Act

ive

Act

ive

Act

ive

Som

anad

han

et a

l., 1

998

Som

anad

han

et a

l., 1

998

Som

anad

han

et a

l., 1

998

Som

anad

han

et a

l., 1

998

Junc

us e

ffesu

s Ju

ncac

eae

Tube

r A

eria

l par

ts

MeO

H

MeO

H

Inac

tive

Inac

tive

Oh

et a

l., 1

997

Oh

et a

l., 1

997

Kalo

pana

x pi

ctus

A

ralia

ceae

B

ark

MeO

H

Inac

tive

Oh

et a

l., 1

997

Knox

ia v

aler

iano

ides

R

ubia

ceae

D

ried

root

H

2O

Equi

voca

l H

an e

t al.,

199

1 Ko

elre

uter

ia p

anic

ulat

a Sa

pind

acea

e A

eria

l par

ts

MeO

H

Inac

tive

Oh

et a

l., 1

997

436



16(3):jul/set. 2006

Kueh

nero

myc

es m

utab

ilis

Stro

phar

iace

ae

Drie

d or

gani

sm

H2O

In

activ

e M

elzi

g et

al.,

199

6 La

ctar

ius d

eter

rimus

R

ussa

lace

ae

Drie

d en

tire

plan

t H

2O

Inac

tive

Mel

zig

et a

l., 1

996

Leon

urus

sibi

ricus

La

mia

ceae

A

eria

l par

ts

Drie

d en

tire

plan

t M

eOH

M

eOH

-H2O

(1:1

) In

activ

e In

activ

e O

h et

al.,

199

7 In

okuc

hi e

t al.,

198

4 Le

piso

rus t

hunb

ergi

anus

Po

lypo

diac

eae

Aer

ial p

arts

M

eOH

In

activ

e O

h et

al.,

199

7 Le

sped

eza

capi

tata

Fa

bace

ae

Drie

d le

af

Flav

onoi

d fr

actio

n A

ctiv

e W

agne

r, El

bl, 1

992

Liliu

m b

rown

ii Li

liace

ae

Drie

d bu

lb

H2O

Eq

uivo

cal

Han

et a

l., 1

991

Lind

era

stryc

hnifo

lia

Laur

acea

e D

ried

root

H

2O

Wea

k H

an e

t al.,

199

1 Li

riope

pla

typh

yla

Lilia

ceae

Tu

ber

MeO

H

Inac

tive

Oh

et a

l., 1

997

Loni

cera

japo

nica

C

aprif

olia

ceae

Fl

ower

s D

ried

flow

ers

MeO

H

H2O

In

activ

e W

eak

Oh

et a

l., 1

997

Han

et a

l., 1

991

Lora

nthu

s par

asiti

cus

Lora

ntha

ceae

A

eria

l par

ts

Drie

d en

tire

plan

t M

eOH

H

2O

Inac

tive

Inac

tive

Oh

et a

l., 1

997

Han

et a

l., 1

991

Luffa

aeg

yptia

ca

Cuc

urbi

tace

ae

Drie

d se

ed

MeO

H-H

2O (1

:1)

Inac

tive

Inok

uchi

et a

l., 1

984

Lyci

um c

hine

se

Sola

nace

ae

Drie

d fru

it D

ried

leaf

D

ried

root

back

Fr

uit

Drie

d ro

otba

rk

Drie

d ro

otba

rk

MeO

H-H

2O (1

:1)

MeO

H-H

2O (1

:1)

Not

sta

ted

MeO

H

CH

Cl 3

MeO

H-H

2O (1

:1)

Inac

tive

Inac

tive

Act

ive

Inac

tive

Act

ive

Inac

tive

Inok

uchi

et a

l., 1

984

Inok

uchi

et a

l., 1

984

Yah

ara,

et a

l., 1

993

Oh

et a

l., 1

997

Mor

ota

et a

l., 1

987

Inok

uchi

et a

l., 1

984

Lyco

pus c

orea

nus

Lam

iace

ae

Aer

ial p

arts

M

eOH

In

activ

e O

h et

al.,

199

7 Ly

godi

um ja

poni

cum

Sc

hiza

eace

ae

Drie

d ae

rial p

arts

H2O

A

ctiv

e H

an e

t al.,

199

1 Ly

sim

achi

a ba

rysta

chys

Pr

imul

acea

e A

eria

l par

ts

MeO

H

Inac

tive

Oh

et a

l., 1

997

Mac

hilu

s thu

nber

gii

Laur

acea

e B

ark

Bar

k B

ark

CH

Cl 3

H2O

M

eOH

Act

ive

Inac

tive

Act

ive

Oh

et a

l., 1

997

Oh

et a

l., 1

997

Oh

et a

l., 1

997

Mac

role

piot

a rh

acod

es

Lepi

otac

eae

Drie

d or

gani

sm

H2O

W

eak

Mel

zig

et a

l., 1

996

Mag

nolia

den

usat

a M

agno

liace

ae

Flow

ers

MeO

H

Inac

tive

Oh

et a

l., 1

997

Mag

nolia

sp.

Mag

nolia

ceae

D

ried

bark

D

ried

flow

ers

MeO

H-H

2O (1

:1)

MeO

H-H

2O (1

:1)

Inac

tive

Inac

tive

Inok

uchi

et a

l., 1

984

Inok

uchi

et a

l., 1

984

Mah

onia

bea

lei

Ber

berid

acea

e D

ried

leaf

H

2O

Equi

voca

l H

an e

t al.,

199

1 M

alus

bac

cata

R

osac

eae

Aer

ial p

arts

M

eOH

In

activ

e O

h et

al.,

199

7 M

elia

aze

dara

ch

Mel

iace

ae

Frui

t M

eOH

In

activ

e O

h et

al.,

199

7 M

enisp

erm

um d

auric

um

Men

ispe

rmac

eae

Aer

ial p

arts

M

eOH

In

activ

e O

h et

al.,

199

7 M

enth

a ar

vens

is

Lam

iace

ae

Aer

ial p

arts

M

eOH

In

activ

e O

h et

al.,

199

7 M

erip

ilus g

igan

teus

Po

lypo

race

ae

Drie

d or

gani

sm

H2O

In

activ

e M

elzi

g et

al.,

199

6 M

erre

mia

trid

enta

ta

Con

volv

ulac

eae

Aer

ial p

arts

A

eria

l par

ts

Aer

ial p

arts

Ace

tone

Et

OH

(95%

) H

2O

Inac

tive

Act

ive

Act

ive

Han

sen

et a

l., 1

995

Han

sen

et a

l., 1

995

Han

sen

et a

l., 1

995

Mor

mod

ica

coch

inch

inen

sis

Cuc

urbi

tace

ae

Drie

d se

ed

Seed

M

eOH

-H2O

(1:1

) M

eOH

In

activ

e In

activ

e In

okuc

hi e

t al.,

198

4 O

h et

al.,

199

7

437



Mor

us a

lba

M

orac

eae

Bar

k D

ried

bark

D

ried

fruit

Drie

d le

af

Drie

d le

af

Drie

d le

af

CH

Cl 3

H2O

H

2O

MeO

H

MeO

H-H

2O (1

:1)

MeO

H-H

2O (1

:1)

Inac

tive

Wea

k Eq

uivo

cal

Wea

k In

activ

e A

ctiv

e

Oh

et a

l., 1

997

Oh

et a

l., 1

997

Han

et a

l., 1

991

Oh

et a

l., 1

997

Inok

uchi

et a

l., 1

984

Inok

uchi

et a

l., 1

984

Myr

istic

a fr

agra

ns

Myr

istic

acea

e Se

ed

MeO

H

Inac

tive

Oh

et a

l., 1

997

Nelu

mbo

nuc

ifera

N

ymph

aeac

eae

Drie

d se

ed

H2O

In

activ

e H

an e

t al.,

199

1 No

topt

eryg

ium

inci

sum

A

piac

eae

Drie

d ro

ot

H2O

W

eak

Han

et a

l., 1

991

Oen

othe

ra b

ienn

is

Ona

grac

eae

Seed

Se

ed o

il A

ctiv

e Sc

holk

ens e

t al.,

198

2 O

phio

pogo

n ja

poni

cus

Lilia

ceae

D

ried

root

H

2O

Equi

voca

l H

an e

t al.,

199

1 O

plop

anax

ela

tus

Ara

liace

ae

Roo

t M

eOH

In

activ

e O

h et

al.,

199

7 Pa

chym

ia h

oele

n Po

lypo

race

ae

Frui

tbod

y M

eOH

In

activ

e O

h et

al.,

199

7 Pa

eoni

a al

biflo

ra

Paeo

niac

eae

Drie

d ro

ot

H2O

A

ctiv

e H

an e

t al.,

199

1 Pa

eoni

a m

outa

n

Paeo

niac

eae

Drie

d ba

rk

Drie

d ba

rk

Drie

d ba

rk

Chr

omat

og. f

ract

ion

MeO

H-H

2O (1

:1)

Tann

in fr

actio

n

Act

ive

Act

ive

Act

ive

Inok

uchi

et a

l., 1

984

Inok

uchi

et a

l., 1

984

Inok

uchi

et a

l., 1

985

Paeo

nia

obov

ata

Paeo

niac

eae

Roo

t M

eOH

In

activ

e O

h et

al.,

199

7 Pa

nax

gins

eng

Ara

liace

ae

Rhi

zom

e +

root

D

ried

root

Po

lysa

ccha

r.fra

ctio

n M

eOH

-H2O

(1:1

) W

eak

Inac

tive

Lee

et a

l., 1

996

Inok

uchi

et a

l., 1

984

Pana

x ps

eudo

gins

eng

Ara

liace

ae

Drie

d ro

ot

H2O

Eq

uivo

cal

Han

et a

l., 1

991

Pass

iflor

a qu

adra

ngul

aris

Pa

ssifl

orac

eae

Drie

d en

tire

plan

t H

2O

Act

ive

Oka

mot

et a

l., 1

994

Patr

inia

scab

iosa

efol

ia

Val

eria

nace

ae

Drie

d ro

ot

H2O

W

eak

Han

et a

l., 1

991

Patr

inia

vill

osa

Val

eria

nace

ae

Roo

t M

eOH

In

activ

e O

h et

al.,

199

7 Pa

xillu

s inv

olut

us

Paxi

llace

ae

Drie

d or

gani

sm

H2O

In

activ

e M

elzi

g et

al.,

199

6 Pe

rilla

frut

esce

ns

Lam

iace

ae

Aer

ial p

arts

A

eria

l par

ts

Aer

ial p

arts

Se

ed

CH

Cl 3

H2O

M

eOH

M

eOH

Wea

k W

eak

Wea

k W

eak

Oh

et a

l., 1

997

Oh

et a

l., 1

997

Oh

et a

l., 1

997

Oh

et a

l., 1

997

Pers

icar

ia se

ntic

osa

Poly

gona

ceae

A

eria

l par

ts

MeO

H

Inac

tive

Oh

et a

l., 1

997

Peuc

edan

um ja

poni

cum

A

piac

eae

Roo

t R

oot

Roo

t

CH

Cl 3

H2O

M

eOH

Inac

tive

Inac

tive

Wea

k

Oh

et a

l., 1

997

Oh

et a

l., 1

997

Oh

et a

l., 1

997

Phae

olus

schw

eini

tzii

Hym

enoc

haet

acea

e D

ried

orga

nism

H

2O

Wea

k M

elzi

g et

al.,

199

6 Ph

ello

dend

ron

amur

ense

R

utac

eae

Bar

k M

eOH

In

activ

e O

h et

al.,

199

7 Ph

lom

is um

bros

a La

mia

ceae

R

oot

MeO

H

Inac

tive

Oh

et a

l., 1

997

Phol

iota

squa

rbos

a St

roph

aria

ceae

D

ried

orga

nism

H

2O

Inac

tive

Mel

zig

et a

l., 1

996

Phry

ma

lept

ossta

chya

Ph

rym

acea

e A

eria

l par

ts

MeO

H

Inac

tive

Oh

et a

l., 1

997

Phyl

lant

hus n

iruri

Euph

orbi

acea

e D

ried

entir

e pl

ant

Chr

omat

og. f

ract

ion

Act

ive

Uen

o, e

t al.,

198

8 Pi

cras

ma

quas

sioid

es

Sim

arou

bace

ae

Aer

ial p

arts

M

eOH

W

eak

Oh

et a

l., 1

997

Picr

orhi

za k

urro

a Sc

roph

ular

iace

ae

Rhi

zom

e M

eOH

In

activ

e O

h et

al.,

199

7

438



16(3):jul/set. 2006

Pine

llia

tern

ata

Ara

ceae

D

ried

rhiz

ome

Tube

r H

2O

MeO

H

Act

ive

Inac

tive

Han

et a

l., 1

991

Oh

et a

l., 1

997

Pinu

s pin

astr

e Pi

nace

ae

Drie

d ba

rk

Flav

onoi

d fr

actio

n In

activ

e B

lasz

o et

al.,

199

6 Pi

nus t

abul

aefo

rmis

Pi

nace

ae

Aer

ial p

arts

M

eOH

In

activ

e O

h et

al.,

199

7 Pi

per f

utok

adsu

ra

Pipe

race

ae

Drie

d ae

rial p

arts

H2O

A

ctiv

e H

an e

t al.,

199

1 Pi

ptop

orus

bet

ulin

us

Poly

pora

ceae

D

ried

orga

nism

H

2O

Inac

tive

Mel

zig

et a

l., 1

996

Pist

acia

lent

iscus

A

naca

rdia

ceae

D

ried

aeria

l par

ts Fl

avon

oid

frac

tion

Act

ive

Sanz

et a

l., 1

993

Plan

tago

asia

tica

Plan

tagi

nace

ae

Drie

d se

ed

Entir

e pl

ant

Entir

e pl

ant

Entir

e pl

ant

H2O

A

ceto

ne

EtO

H (9

5%)

H2O

Equi

voca

l A

ctiv

e A

ctiv

e A

ctiv

e

Han

et a

l., 1

991

Han

sen

et a

l., 1

995

Han

sen

et a

l., 1

995

Han

sen

et a

l., 1

995

Plan

tago

sp.

Plan

tagi

nace

ae

Drie

d le

af

Drie

d se

ed

MeO

H-H

2O (1

:1)

MeO

H-H

2O (1

:1)

Inac

tive

Inac

tive

Inok

uchi

et a

l., 1

984

Inok

uchi

et a

l., 1

984

Plat

ycar

ya st

robi

liace

ae

Jugl

anda

ceae

Fr

uit

MeO

H

Inac

tive

Oh

et a

l., 1

997

Plat

ycod

on g

radi

floru

m

Cam

panu

lace

ae

Roo

t R

oot

Roo

t

CH

Cl 3

H2O

M

eOH

Wea

k W

eak

Inac

tive

Oh

et a

l., 1

997

Oh

et a

l., 1

997

Oh

et a

l., 1

997

Pleu

rotu

s saj

or-c

ajo

Poly

pora

ceae

Fr

uitb

ody

Not

stat

ed

Act

ive

Ikem

izu

et a

l., 1

995

Poly

gala

tenu

ifolia

Po

lyga

lace

ae

Roo

t D

ried

root

M

eOH

H

2O

Inac

tive

Equi

voca

l O

h et

al.,

199

7 H

an e

t al.,

199

1 Po

lygo

natu

m a

vicu

lare

Li

liace

ae

Drie

d ae

rial p

arts

D

ried

entir

e pl

ant

Drie

d en

tire

plan

t

Tann

in fr

actio

n C

hrom

atog

. fra

ctio

n M

eOH

-H2O

(1:1

)

Act

ive

Inac

tive

Act

ive

Inok

uchi

et a

l., 1

985

Inok

uchi

et a

l., 1

984

Inok

uchi

et a

l., 1

984

Poly

gona

tum

sirib

icum

Li

liace

ae

Drie

d riz

hom

e D

ried

rizho

me

MeO

H-H

2O (1

:1)

H2O

In

activ

e In

activ

e In

okuc

hi e

t al.,

198

4 H

an e

t al.,

199

1 Po

lygo

num

mul

tiflo

rum

Po

lyga

lace

ae

Roo

t D

ried

root

M

eOH

H

2O

Inac

tive

Act

ive

Oh

et a

l., 1

997

Han

et a

l., 1

991

Poly

gonu

m th

unbe

rgii

Poly

gala

ceae

A

eria

l par

ts

MeO

H

Inac

tive

Oh

et a

l., 1

997

Poly

poru

s squ

amos

us

Poly

pora

ceae

D

ried

orga

nism

H

2O

Wea

k M

elzi

g et

al.,

199

6 Po

ria

coco

s Po

lypo

race

ae

Drie

d or

gani

sm

H2O

Eq

uivo

cal

Han

et a

l., 1

991

Pote

ntill

a ch

inen

sis

Ros

acea

e D

ried

aeria

l par

ts Ta

nnin

frac

tion

Act

ive

Inok

uchi

et a

l., 1

985

Pote

ntill

a cr

ytot

aeni

ae

Ros

acea

e A

eria

l par

ts

MeO

H

Inac

tive

Oh

et a

l., 1

997

Pote

ntill

a sp

. R

osac

eae

Drie

d en

tire

plan

t D

ried

entir

e pl

ant

Chr

omat

og. f

ract

ion

MeO

H-H

2O (1

:1)

Act

ive

Act

ive

Inok

uchi

et a

l., 1

984

Inok

uchi

et a

l., 1

984

Prun

ella

vul

garis

La

mia

ceae

A

eria

l par

ts

Drie

d ae

rial p

arts

D

ried

inflo

res.

MeO

H

H2O

M

eOH

-H2O

(1:1

)

Wea

k W

eak

Inac

tive

Oh

et a

l., 1

997

Han

et a

l., 1

991

Inok

uchi

et a

l., 1

984

Prun

us m

ume

Ros

acea

e Fr

uit

MeO

H

Inac

tive

Oh

et a

l., 1

997

Pseu

dart

hria

hoo

keri

Fa

bace

ae

Roo

t R

oot

Roo

t

Ace

tone

Et

OH

(95%

) H

2O

Act

ive

Stro

ng

Wea

k

Han

sen

et a

l., 1

995

Han

sen

et a

l., 1

995

Han

sen

et a

l., 1

995

439



Pseu

dart

hria

vis

cida

Fa

bace

ae

Roo

t R

oot

Roo

t

Ace

tone

Et

OH

(95%

) H

2O

Wea

k A

ctiv

e A

ctiv

e

Han

sen

et a

l., 1

995

Han

sen

et a

l., 1

995

Han

sen

et a

l., 1

995

Psor

alea

cor

ylifo

lia

Faba

ceae

D

ried

fruit

H2O

W

eak

Han

et a

l., 1

991

Puer

aria

loba

ta

Faba

ceae

D

ried

root

R

oot

Roo

t

H2O

A

ceto

ne

EtO

H (9

5%)

Wea

k W

eak

Act

ive

Han

et a

l., 1

991

Han

sen

et a

l., 1

995

Han

sen

et a

l., 1

995

Puer

aria

pse

udo-

hisu

ta

Faba

ceae

D

ried

root

M

eOH

-H2O

(1:1

) In

activ

e In

okuc

hi e

t al.,

198

4 Pu

lsat

illa

chin

ensis

R

anun

cula

ceae

D

ried

aeria

l par

ts

H2O

In

activ

e H

an e

t al.,

199

1 Py

rola

japo

nica

Py

rola

ceae

A

eria

l par

ts

MeO

H

Inac

tive

Oh

et a

l., 1

997

Pyrr

osia

ling

ua

Poly

podi

acea

e En

tire

plan

t En

tire

plan

t En

tire

plan

t

Ace

tone

Et

OH

(95%

) H

2O

Act

ive

Act

ive

Act

ive

Han

sen

et a

l., 1

995

Han

sen

et a

l., 1

995

Han

sen

et a

l., 1

995

Qui

ncha

mal

ium

chi

lens

e Sa

ntal

acea

e A

eria

l par

ts

EtO

H (9

5%)

Act

ive

Han

sen

et a

l., 1

995

Ranu

ncul

us ja

poni

cus

Ran

uncu

lace

ae

Aer

ial p

arts

M

eOH

In

activ

e O

h et

al.,

199

7 Ra

uvol

fia se

rpen

tina

Apo

cyna

ceae

D

ried

root

M

eOH

-H2O

(1:1

) In

activ

e In

okuc

hi e

t al.,

198

4 Re

hman

nia

glut

inos

a Sc

roph

ular

iace

ae

Drie

d ro

ot

H2O

W

eak

Han

199

1 Rh

eum

pal

mat

um

Poly

gona

ceae

D

ried

rhiz

ome

Rhi

zom

e Ta

nnin

frac

tion

MeO

H

Act

ive

Wea

k In

okuc

hi e

t al.,

198

5 O

h et

al.,

199

7 Rh

eum

sp.

Poly

gona

ceae

D

ried

rhiz

ome

Drie

d rh

izom

e C

hrom

atog

. fra

ctio

n M

eOH

-H2O

(1:1

) A

ctiv

e A

ctiv

e In

okuc

hi e

t al.,

198

4 In

okuc

hi e

t al.,

198

4 Ro

sa m

ultif

lora

R

osac

eae

Frui

t M

eOH

In

activ

e O

h et

al.,

199

7 Sa

lvia

milt

iorr

hiza

La

mia

ceae

D

ried

root

R

oot

MeO

H-H

2O (1

:1)

MeO

H

Inac

tive

Inac

tive

Inok

uchi

et a

l., 1

984

Oh

et a

l., 1

997

Sang

uiso

rba

offic

inal

is

Ros

acea

e D

ried

root

M

eOH

-H2O

(1:1

) A

ctiv

e In

okuc

hi e

t al.,

198

4 Sa

pium

sebi

feru

m

Euph

orbi

acea

e R

oot

MeO

H

Inac

tive

Oh

et a

l., 1

997

Sasa

bor

ealis

Po

acea

e A

eria

l par

ts

MeO

H

Inac

tive

Oh

et a

l., 1

997

Saus

sure

a la

ppa

Ast

erac

eae

Drie

d ro

ot

Roo

t M

eOH

-H2O

(1:1

) M

eOH

A

ctiv

e In

activ

e In

okuc

hi e

t al.,

198

4 O

h et

al.,

199

7 Sc

hinu

s lat

ifoliu

s A

naca

rdia

ceae

B

ark

Bar

k B

ark

Bar

k

BuO

H

EtO

Ac

EtO

H (9

5%)

EtO

H- H

2O (7

:3)

Act

ive

Act

ive

Act

ive

Act

ive

Han

sen

et a

l., 1

995

Han

sen

et a

l., 1

995

Han

sen

et a

l., 1

995

Han

sen

et a

l., 1

995

Schi

zone

peta

tenu

ifolia

La

mia

ceae

D

ried

aeria

l par

ts H

2O

Equi

voca

l H

an e

t al.,

199

1 Sc

roph

ular

ia n

ingp

oens

is Sc

roph

ular

iace

ae

Drie

d ro

ot

Roo

t M

eOH

-H2O

(1:1

) M

eOH

In

activ

e In

activ

e In

okuc

hi e

t al.,

198

4 O

h et

al.,

199

7 Sc

utel

lari

a ba

ical

ensis

La

mia

ceae

D

ried

root

R

oot

Roo

t R

oot

MeO

H-H

2O (1

:1)

CH

Cl 3

H2O

M

eOH

Inac

tive

Wea

k W

eak

Wea

k

Inok

uchi

et a

l., 1

984

Oh

et a

l., 1

997

Oh

et a

l., 1

997

Oh

et a

l., 1

997

440



16(3):jul/set. 2006

Sedu

m sa

rmen

tosu

m

Cra

ssul

acea

e En

tire

plan

t En

tire

plan

t En

tire

plan

t

Ace

tone

Et

OH

(95%

) H

2O

Act

ive

Act

ive

Act

ive

Han

sen

et a

l., 1

995

Han

sen

et a

l., 1

995

Han

sen

et a

l., 1

995

Sida

acu

ta

Mal

vace

ae

Roo

t R

oot

Roo

t

Ace

tone

Et

OH

(95%

) H

2O

Act

ive

Wea

k A

ctiv

e

Han

sen

et a

l., 1

995

Han

sen

et a

l., 1

995

Han

sen

et a

l., 1

995

Sida

cor

difo

lia

Mal

vace

ae

Roo

t R

oot

Roo

t

Ace

tone

Et

OH

(95%

) H

2O

Act

ive

Wea

k A

ctiv

e

Han

sen

et a

l., 1

995

Han

sen

et a

l., 1

995

Han

sen

et a

l., 1

995

Sida

retu

sa

Mal

vace

ae

Roo

t R

oot

Roo

t

Ace

tone

Et

OH

(95%

) H

2O

Act

ive

Wea

k A

ctiv

e

Han

sen

et a

l., 1

995

Han

sen

et a

l., 1

995

Han

sen

et a

l., 1

995

Sige

sbec

kia

orie

ntal

is

Ast

erac

eae

Drie

d ae

rial p

arts

R

hizo

me

MeO

H

H2O

In

activ

W

eak

Oh

et a

l., 1

997

Han

et a

l., 1

991

Smila

x ch

ina

Lilia

ceae

R

hizo

me

MeO

H

Inac

tive

Oh

et a

l., 1

997

Sino

men

ium

acu

tum

M

enis

perm

acea

e D

ried

root

R

hizo

me

Rhi

zom

e +

stem

H2O

M

eOH

M

eOH

-H2O

(1:1

)

Act

ive

Inac

tive

Inac

tive

Han

et a

l., 1

991

Oh

et a

l., 1

997

Inok

uchi

et a

l., 1

984

Sola

num

nig

rum

So

lana

ceae

D

ried

aeria

l par

ts H

2O

Act

ive

Han

et a

l., 1

991

Solid

ago

virg

aure

a A

ster

acea

e A

eria

l par

ts

MeO

H

Inac

tive

Oh

et a

l., 1

997

Soph

ora

flave

scen

s Fa

bace

ae

Roo

t M

eOH

In

activ

e O

h et

al.,

199

7 So

phor

a ja

poni

ca

Faba

ceae

Fl

ower

M

eOH

In

activ

e O

h et

al.,

199

7 So

phor

a su

bpro

stata

Fa

bace

ae

Drie

d ro

ot

Roo

t H

2O

MeO

H

Wea

k In

activ

e H

an e

t al.,

199

1 O

h et

al.,

199

7 So

rbus

am

uren

sis

Ros

acea

e B

ark

MeO

H

Inac

tive

Oh

et a

l., 1

997

Spar

gani

um st

olon

iferu

m

Spar

gani

acea

e D

ried

root

R

hizo

me

H2O

M

eOH

W

eak

Inac

tive

Han

et a

l., 1

991

Oh

et a

l., 1

997

Spat

holo

bus s

uber

ectu

s Fa

bace

ae

Drie

d st

em

H2O

In

activ

e H

an e

t al.,

199

1 St

emon

a ja

poni

ca

Stem

onac

eae

Roo

t M

eOH

In

activ

e O

h et

al.,

199

7 St

emon

a se

ssili

folia

St

emon

acea

e D

ried

root

H

2O

Inac

tive

Han

et a

l., 1

991

Step

hana

ndra

inci

sa

Ros

acea

e A

eria

l par

ts

MeO

H

Inac

tive

Oh

et a

l., 1

997

Stry

chno

s nux

-vom

ica

Loga

niac

eae

Seed

M

eOH

In

activ

e O

h et

al.,

199

7 St

yrax

japo

nicu

s St

yrac

acea

e A

eria

l par

ts

MeO

H

Inac

tive

Oh

et a

l., 1

997

Sym

ploc

os c

hine

nsis

Sypl

ocac

eae

Aer

ial p

arts

M

eOH

In

activ

e O

h et

al.,

199

7 Ta

raxa

cum

mon

golic

um

Ast

erac

eae

Aer

ial p

arts

A

eria

l par

ts

Aer

ial p

arts

D

ried

flow

ers

CH

Cl 3

H2O

M

eOH

H

2O

Wea

k In

activ

e W

eak

Equi

voca

l

Oh

et a

l., 1

997

Oh

et a

l., 1

997

Oh

et a

l., 1

997

Han

et a

l , 1

991

Taxu

s cus

pida

ta

Taxa

ceae

A

eria

l par

ts

MeO

H

Inac

tive

Oh

et a

l., 1

997

Thuj

a or

ient

alis

C

upre

ssac

eae

Drie

d se

ed

Leaf

H

2O

MeO

H

Inac

tive

Inac

tive

Han

et a

l., 1

991

Oh

et a

l., 1

997

441



Toril

is ja

poni

ca

Api

acea

e Fr

uit

Frui

t C

HC

l 3 H

2O

Wea

k In

activ

e O

h et

al.,

199

7 O

h et

al.,

199

7 To

rrey

a nu

cife

ra

Taxa

ceae

Se

ed

MeO

H

Inac

tive

Oh

et a

l., 1

997

Trac

hom

itum

ven

etum

A

pocy

nace

ae

Drie

d en

tire

plan

t M

eOH

-H2O

(1:1

) In

activ

e In

okuc

hi e

t al.,

198

4 Tr

achy

carp

us e

xelsu

s A

raca

ceae

D

ried

leaf

M

eOH

-H2O

(1:1

) In

activ

e In

okuc

hi e

t al.,

198

4 Tr

amet

es h

irsut

a

Poly

pora

ceae

D

ried

orga

nism

H

2O

Inac

tive

Mel

zig

et a

l., 1

996

Tram

etes

ver

sicol

or

Poly

pora

ceae

D

ried

orga

nism

H

2O

Inac

tive

Mel

zig

et a

l., 1

996

Tric

hosa

nthe

s kiri

lowi

i C

ucur

bita

ceae

D

ried

fruit

Roo

t H

2O

MeO

H

Act

ive

Inac

tive

Han

et a

l., 1

991

Oh

et a

l., 1

997

Tric

holo

ma

popu

linum

Tr

icho

lom

atac

eae

Drie

d or

gani

sm

H2O

In

activ

e M

elzi

g et

al.,

199

6 Tr

icho

lom

a po

rten

tosu

m

Tric

holo

mat

acea

e D

ried

orga

nism

H

2O

Inac

tive

Mel

zig

et a

l., 1

996

Tric

holo

psis

rutil

ans

Tric

holo

mat

acea

e D

ried

orga

nism

H

2O

Inac

tive

Mel

zig

et a

l., 1

996

Triu

mfe

tta rh

ombo

idea

Ti

liace

ae

Roo

t R

oot

Roo

t

Ace

tone

Et

OH

(95%

) H

2O

Wea

k A

ctiv

e A

ctiv

e

Han

sen

et a

l., 1

995

Han

sen

et a

l., 1

995

Han

sen

et a

l., 1

995

Trop

aeol

um m

ajus

Tr

opae

olac

eae

Drie

d ae

rial

H2O

W

eak

Han

et a

l., 1

991

Tuss

ilago

farfa

ra

Ast

erac

eae

Drie

d flo

wer

s H

2O

Inac

tive

Han

et a

l., 1

991

Ulm

us p

arvi

folia

U

lmac

eae

Roo

t M

eOH

In

activ

e O

h et

al.,

199

7 U

ncar

ia rh

ynch

ophy

lla

Rub

iace

ae

Drie

d br

anch

ets

Roo

t R

oot

Roo

t

MeO

H-H

2O (1

:1)

Ace

tone

Et

OH

(95%

) H

2O

Act

ive

Act

ive

Act

ive

Act

ive

Inok

uchi

et a

l., 1

984

Han

sen

et a

l., 1

995

Han

sen

et a

l., 1

995

Han

sen

et a

l., 1

995

Vacc

aria

sega

talis

C

aryo

phyl

lace

ae

Drie

d se

ed

H2O

W

eak

Han

et a

l., 1

991

Verb

ena

offic

inal

is V

erbe

nace

ae

Drie

d ae

rial p

arts

H2O

Eq

uivo

cal

Han

et a

l., 1

991

Vero

nica

strum

sibi

ricum

Sc

roph

ular

iace

ae

Aer

ial p

arts

M

eOH

In

activ

e O

h et

al.,

199

7 Vi

burn

um o

pulu

s C

aprif

olia

ceae

D

ried

bark

Et

OH

-H2O

(1:1

) A

ctiv

e Jo

nade

r et a

l., 1

989

Vitis

vin

ifera

V

itace

ae

Drie

d fru

it Fl

avon

oid

frac

tion

Act

ive

Meu

nier

et a

l., 1

987

Volv

arie

lla sp

ecio

sa

Plut

eace

ae

Drie

d or

gani

sm

H2O

W

eak

Mel

zig

et a

l., 1

996

Xant

hium

sibi

ricum

A

ster

acea

e D

ried

seed

H

2O

Equi

voca

l H

an e

t al.,

199

1 Xa

nthi

um st

rum

ariu

m

Ast

erac

eae

Drie

d fru

it Fr

uit

MeO

H-H

2O (1

:1)

MeO

H

Inac

tive

Inac

tive

Inok

uchi

et a

l., 1

984

Oh

et a

l., 1

997

Xyla

ria p

olym

orph

a X

ylar

iace

ae

Drie

d or

gani

sm

H2O

In

activ

e M

elzi

g et

al.,

199

6 Yo

ungi

a ja

poni

ca

Ast

erac

eae

Aer

ial p

arts

M

eOH

In

activ

e O

h et

al.,

199

7 Za

thox

ylum

pip

eritu

m

Rut

acea

e Fr

uit

MeO

H

Inac

tive

Oh

et a

l., 1

997

Zing

iber

offi

cina

le

Zing

iber

acea

e R

hizo

me

MeO

H

Inac

tive

Oh

et a

l., 1

997

Zizip

hus j

ujub

a R

ham

nace

ae

Frui

t M

eOH

W

eak

Oh

et a

l., 1

997

Zizip

hus s

pino

sa

Rha

mna

ceae

D

ried

seed

M

eOH

-H2O

(1:1

) In

activ

e O

h et

al.,

199

7

442



16(3):jul/set. 2006

Tabl

e 4.

Che

mic

ally

defi

ned

nat

ural

com

poun

ds sh

owin

g in

hibi

tion

of a

ngio

tens

in c

onve

rting

enz

yme

Che

mic

al n

ame

C

lass

So

urce

A

ctiv

ity

Ref

eren

ce

Act

inom

adur

a an

tibio

tic 1

5B1

Prot

eid

Actin

omad

ura

sp.

Act

ive

Kid

o et

al.,

198

4 A

ctin

omad

ura

antib

iotic

15B

2 Pr

otei

d Ac

tinom

adur

a sp

. A

ctiv

e K

ido

et a

l., 1

984

Act

inom

yces

ant

ibio

tic 1

582

Prot

eid

Actin

omyc

es sp

. A

ctiv

e K

ido,

et a

l., 1

985

Act

inom

yces

ant

ibio

tic K

-26

Prot

eid

Actin

omyc

es sp

. A

ctiv

e Y

amat

o et

al.,

198

6 A

fzel

in

Flav

onoi

d Er

ythr

oxyl

um la

urifo

lium

A

ctiv

e H

anse

n et

al.,

199

5 A

lism

ol

Sesq

uite

rpen

e Al

isma

orie

ntal

e In

activ

e Y

amah

ara

et a

l., 1

989

Anc

oven

in

Prot

eid

Stre

ptom

yces

sp.

Stre

ptom

yces

sp.

Act

ive

Act

ive

Kid

o et

al.,

198

3 W

akam

iya

et a

l., 1

985

Ang

iote

nsin

com

poun

d Pr

otei

d Vi

pera

asp

is as

pis

Act

ive

Kom

ori e

t al.,

199

0 A

niso

mel

ic a

cid

Dite

rpen

e An

isom

eles

indi

ca

Wea

k M

omos

e et

al.,

199

4 A

niso

mel

ic a

cid,

4-m

ethy

lene

-5-o

xo

Dite

rpen

e An

isom

eles

indi

ca

Inac

tive

Aris

awa

et a

l., 1

986

Arg

inin

e, L

Pr

otei

d C

omm

erci

al

Act

ive

Hig

ashi

et a

l., 1

995

Arr

ivac

in A

Se

squi

terp

ene

Ambr

osia

psil

osta

chya

A

ctiv

e C

hen

et a

l., 1

991

Arr

ivac

in B

Se

squi

terp

ene

Ambr

osia

psil

osta

chya

A

ctiv

e C

hen

et a

l., 1

991

Arp

ham

enin

e B

A

lkal

oid

Chro

mob

acte

rium

vio

lace

um

Inac

tive

Aoy

agi e

t al.,

198

6 A

sper

gillo

mar

asm

ine

A

Prot

eid

Aspe

rgill

us o

ryza

e A

ctiv

e M

ikam

i et a

l., 1

983

Asp

ergi

llom

aras

min

e B

Pr

otei

d As

perg

illus

ory

zae

Act

ive

Mik

ami e

t al.,

198

3 A

sper

osid

e C

arde

nolid

e Eu

com

mia

ulm

oide

s A

ctiv

e Y

amad

aki e

t al.,

199

2 A

stra

galin

Fl

avon

oid

Dio

spyr

os k

aki

Act

ive

Kam

eda

et a

l., 1

987

Atra

ctyl

enol

ide

I Se

squi

terp

ene

Atra

ctyl

oide

s jap

onic

a In

activ

e Sa

kura

i et a

l., 1

993

Atra

ctyl

enol

ide

III

Sesq

uite

rpen

e At

ract

yloi

des j

apon

ica

Inac

tive

Saku

rai e

t al.,

199

3 A

tract

ylod

inol

O

xyge

n he

tero

cycl

e At

ract

yloi

des j

apon

ica

Act

ive

Saku

rai e

t al.,

199

3 A

tract

ylon

e Se

squi

terp

ene

Atra

ctyl

oide

s jap

onic

a In

activ

e Sa

kura

i et a

l., 1

993

Ber

geni

n C

oum

arin

Al

loph

ylus

edu

lis

Inac

tive

Aris

awa

et a

l., 1

989

Bes

tatin

Pr

otei

d St

rept

omyc

es o

livor

etic

uli

Inac

tive

Aoy

agi e

t al.,

198

6 C

apsi

anos

ide

A

Dite

rpen

e Ca

psic

um sp

p.

Act

ive

Yah

ara

et a

l., 1

990

Cap

sian

osid

e C

D

iterp

ene

Caps

icum

spp.

A

ctiv

e Iz

umita

ni e

t al.,

199

0 C

apsi

anos

ide

I D

iterp

ene

Caps

icum

spp.

W

eak

Yah

ara

et a

l., 1

990

Cap

sian

osid

e II

Dite

rpen

e Ca

psic

um sp

p.

Inac

tive

Yah

ara

et a

l., 1

990

Cat

echi

n, (+

) Fl

avon

oid

Allo

phyl

us e

dulis

Al

loph

ylus

edu

lis

Act

ive

Inac

tive

Cho

et a

l., 1

993

Inok

uchi

et a

l., 1

996b

C

atec

hin,

epi

(-)

Flav

onoi

d Al

loph

ylus

edu

lis

Arec

a ca

tech

u In

activ

e In

activ

e In

okuc

hi, e

t al.,

199

6b

Aris

awa,

et a

l., 1

989

Cat

echi

n-3-

O-g

alla

te, e

pi (-

) Fl

avon

oid

Kor

ean

gree

n te

a K

orea

n gr

een

tea

Act

ive

Act

ive

Cho

et a

l., 1

993

Uch

ida

et a

l., 1

987

Coc

hinm

icin

I Pr

otei

d M

icro

bisp

ora

sp.

Inac

tive

Lam

et a

l., 1

992

Coc

hinm

icin

II

Prot

eid

Mic

robi

spor

a sp

. W

eak

Lam

et a

l., 1

992

Coc

hinm

icin

III

Prot

eid

Mic

robi

spor

a sp

. W

eak

Lam

et a

l., 1

992

Cor

ilagi

n Ta

nnin

Ph

ylla

nthu

s niru

ri A

ctiv

e U

eno

et a

l., 1

988

443



Cor

iolic

aci

d, (D

L)

Lipi

d Fr

ittila

ria v

ertic

illat

a A

ctiv

e N

iitsu

et a

l., 1

987

Cyc

loan

isom

elic

aci

d, 4

,7-o

xy

Dite

rpen

e An

isom

eles

indi

ca

Inac

tive

Aris

awa

et a

l., 1

986

Cym

ene,

allo

M

onot

erpe

ne

Com

mer

cial

W

eak

Oka

mur

a et

al.,

199

2 C

ytos

porin

A

Oxy

gen

hete

rocy

cle

Cyto

spor

a sp

. A

ctiv

e St

even

s-M

iles e

t al.,

199

6 C

ytos

porin

B

Oxy

gen

hete

rocy

lle

Cyto

spor

a sp

. W

eak

Stev

ens-

Mile

s et a

l., 1

996

Cyt

ospo

rin C

O

xyge

n he

tero

cycl

e Cy

tosp

ora

sp.

Wea

k St

even

s-M

iles e

t al.,

199

6 D

aphn

odor

in A

Fl

avon

oid

Dap

hne

odor

a A

ctiv

e Ta

kai e

t al.,

199

9 D

aphn

odor

in B

Fl

avon

oid

Dap

hne

odor

a A

ctiv

e Ta

kai e

t al.,

199

9 D

aphn

odor

in C

Fl

avon

oid

Dap

hne

odor

a In

activ

e Ta

kai e

t al.,

199

9 D

imor

phec

olic

aci

d, a

lpha

Li

pid

Lyci

um c

hine

nse

Act

ive

Mor

ota

et a

l., 1

987

Dim

orph

ecol

ic a

cid,

alp

ha (D

L)

Lipi

d Fr

ittila

ria v

ertic

illat

a A

ctiv

e N

iitsu

et a

l., 1

987

Dim

orph

ecol

ic a

cid,

bet

a (D

L)

Lipi

d Fr

ittila

ria v

ertic

illat

a A

ctiv

e N

iitsu

et a

l., 1

987

Dor

atom

yces

ant

ibio

tic W

F-10

129

Prot

eid

Dor

atom

yces

put

redi

nis

Act

ive

And

o et

al.,

198

7 El

lagi

c ac

id

Cou

mar

in

Phyl

lant

hus n

iruri

Act

ive

Uen

o et

al.,

198

8 Ev

ocar

pine

A

lkal

oid

Evod

ia ru

taec

arpa

A

ctiv

e Le

e et

al.,

199

8 Ex

cels

iosi

de

Irido

id

Flax

inus

exc

elsio

r In

activ

e H

anse

n et

al.,

199

6a

Fago

pyru

m tr

ipep

tide

Prot

eid

Fago

pyru

m sp

. A

ctiv

e K

oyam

a et

al.,

199

3 Fa

ngch

inol

ium

hyd

roxi

de

Alk

aloi

d St

epha

nia

tetra

ndra

A

ctiv

e O

gino

et a

l., 1

986

Fenf

angj

ine

F A

lkal

oid

Step

hani

a te

trand

ra

Act

ive

Ogi

no e

t al.,

199

8 Fe

nfan

gjin

e G

A

lkal

oid

Step

hani

a te

trand

ra

Inac

tive

Ogi

no e

t al.,

199

8 Fe

nfan

gjin

e H

A

lkal

oid

Step

hani

a te

trand

ra

Act

ive

Ogi

no e

t al.,

199

8 Fe

nfan

gjin

e I

Alk

aloi

d St

epha

nia

tetra

ndra

A

ctiv

e O

gino

et a

l., 1

998

Ficu

s ol

igop

eptid

e FL

P-1

Prot

eid

Ficu

s car

ica

Act

ive

Mar

uyam

a et

al.,

199

0 Fi

cus

olig

opep

tide

FLP-

2 Pr

otei

d Fi

cus c

aric

a A

ctiv

e M

aruy

ama

et a

l., 1

990

Ficu

s ol

igop

eptid

e FL

P-3

Prot

eid

Ficu

s car

ica

Act

ive

Mar

uyam

a et

al.,

199

0 Fi

cus p

eptid

e FL

P-1

Prot

eid

Ficu

s car

ica

Act

ive

Mar

uyam

a et

al.,

198

9 Fi

cus p

eptid

e FL

P-2

Prot

eid

Ficu

s car

ica

Act

ive

Mar

uyam

a et

al.,

198

9 Fi

cus p

eptid

e FL

P-3

Prot

eid

Ficu

s car

ica

Act

ive

Mar

uyam

a et

al.,

198

9 Fi

setin

Fl

avon

oid

Com

mer

cial

A

ctiv

e Li

n et

al.,

199

4 G

allic

aci

d B

enze

noid

Ph

ylla

nthu

s niru

ri A

ctiv

e U

eno

et a

l., 1

988

Gal

loca

tech

in, (

+)

Flav

onoi

d K

orea

n gr

een

tea

Act

ive

Cho

et a

l., 1

993

Gal

loca

tech

in, e

pi (-

) Fl

avon

oid

Kor

ean

gree

n te

a A

ctiv

e C

ho e

t al.,

199

3 G

allo

cate

chin

, epi

, 3-O

-gal

late

(-)

Flav

onoi

d K

orea

n gr

een

tea

Act

ive

Uch

ida

et a

l., 1

987

Gal

loca

tech

in-3

-O-g

alla

te (-

), ep

i (-)

Fl

avon

oid

Kor

ean

gree

n te

a A

ctiv

e C

ho e

t al.,

199

3 G

eran

iin

Tann

in

Phyl

lant

hus n

iruri

Alop

hylu

s edu

lis

Act

ive

Act

ive

Uen

o et

al.,

198

8 A

risaw

a et

al.,

198

9 G

lu-A

sn-T

rp, P

Pr

otei

d Tr

imer

esur

us fl

avov

iridi

s Tr

imer

esur

us o

kina

vens

is In

activ

e In

activ

e M

aeda

et a

l., 1

993

Mae

da e

t al.,

199

3 G

lu-G

ln-T

rp, P

Pr

otei

d Tr

imer

esur

us fl

avov

iridi

s Tr

imer

esur

us o

kina

vens

is In

activ

e In

activ

e M

aeda

et a

l., 1

993

Mae

da e

t al.,

199

3

444



16(3):jul/set. 2006

Glu

-Lys

-Trp

, P

Prot

eid

Trim

eres

urus

flav

oviri

dis

Trim

eres

urus

oki

nave

nsis

Wea

k W

eak

Mae

da e

t al.,

199

3 M

aeda

et a

l., 1

993

Gos

sypo

l Se

squi

terp

ene

Gos

sypi

um sp

. A

ctiv

e K

rass

nigg

et a

l., 1

984

Kae

mpf

erol

-3-O

-gal

loyl

-glu

cose

Fl

avon

oid

Dio

spyr

os k

aki

Act

ive

Kam

eda

et a

l., 1

987

Kap

akah

ine

A

Prot

eid

Crib

roch

alin

a ol

emda

In

activ

e Y

eung

et a

l., 1

996

Lano

sten

(20-

R)

Trite

rpen

e Sc

hinu

s mol

le

Act

ive

Ola

fsso

n et

al.,

199

7 La

nost

en (2

0-S)

Tr

iterp

ene

Schi

nus m

olle

A

ctiv

e O

lafs

son

et a

l., 1

997

Ligs

trosi

de

Irido

id

Ligu

strum

japo

nicu

m

Inac

tive

Han

sen

et a

l., 1

996a

Li

gust

alos

ide

B

Mon

oter

pene

Li

gustr

um ja

poni

cum

In

activ

e H

anse

n et

al.,

199

6a

Lirio

dend

rin

Lign

an

Euco

mm

ia u

lmoi

des

Act

ive

Yam

adak

i et a

l., 1

992

Lyci

umin

A

Prot

eid

Lyci

um c

hine

nse

Lyci

um c

hine

nse

Act

ive

Act

ive

Yah

ara

et a

l., 1

989

Mor

ita e

t al.,

199

6 Ly

cium

in B

Pr

otei

d Ly

cium

chi

nens

e Ly

cium

chi

nens

e A

ctiv

e A

ctiv

e Y

ahar

a et

al.,

198

9 Y

ahar

a et

al.,

199

3 M

icro

gini

n Pr

otei

d M

icro

cysti

s aer

ugin

osa

Act

ive

Oki

no e

t al.,

199

3 M

icro

gini

n 29

9-C

Pr

otei

d M

icro

cysti

s aer

ugin

osa

Inac

tive

Ishi

da e

t al.,

199

8 M

icro

gini

n 29

9-D

Pr

otei

d M

icro

cysti

s aer

ugin

osa

Inac

tive

Ishi

da e

t al.,

199

8 M

icro

mon

ospo

ra A

CE

K-1

3 Pr

otei

d M

icro

mon

ospo

ra h

alop

hytic

a A

ctiv

e K

ase

et a

l., 1

987

Mol

ihua

side

A

Irido

id

Jasm

inum

azo

ricum

A

ctiv

e So

man

adha

n et

al.,

199

8 M

onoc

rota

line

Alk

aloi

d Cr

otal

aria

sp.

Crot

alar

ia sp

. In

activ

e A

ctiv

e La

fran

coni

et a

l., 1

983

Mol

teni

et a

l., 1

984

Mor

roni

side

Iri

doid

Sa

mbu

cus n

igra

In

activ

e H

anse

n et

al.,

199

6a

Mur

acei

n A

Pr

otei

d No

card

ia o

rien

talis

A

ctiv

e Si

ngh

et a

l., 1

984

Mur

acei

n B

Pr

otei

d No

card

ia o

rien

talis

A

ctiv

e Si

ngh

et a

l., 1

984

Mur

acei

n C

Pr

otei

d No

card

ia o

rien

talis

A

ctiv

e Si

ngh

et a

l., 1

984

Myr

cene

M

onot

erpe

ne

Com

erci

al

Act

ive

Oka

mur

a et

al.,

199

2 M

yric

eron

-caf

eoyl

-est

er

Trite

rpen

e M

yric

a ce

rifer

a In

activ

e Fu

jimot

o et

al.,

199

2 N

icot

inam

ide

Prot

eid

Soy

sauc

e Co

rcho

rus o

litor

ius

Act

ive

Act

ive

Kin

oshi

ta e

t al.,

199

3 K

imot

o et

al.,

199

8 N

onan

oic

acid

, 8(S

)-am

ino-

2(R)

- m

ethy

l-7-o

xo

Prot

eid

Stre

ptom

yces

sp.

Inac

tive

Parn

as e

t al.,

199

6

Nor

athy

riol

Xan

thon

e Tr

ypte

rosp

erm

um la

nceo

latu

m

Act

ive

Sutte

r ; W

ang,

199

3 O

ctad

eca-

10-tr

ans-

12-c

is-15

-cis-

trien

oic

acid

, 9-

hydr

oxy

Lipi

d Ly

cium

chi

nens

is A

ctiv

e M

orot

a et

al.,

198

7

Oct

adec

a-9-

tran

s-11

-tran

s-di

enoi

c ac

id,

13-

hydr

oxy

Lipi

d Fr

itilla

ria v

ertic

illat

a A

ctiv

e N

iitsu

et a

l., 1

987

Ole

acei

n Iri

doid

O

lea

euro

paea

A

ctiv

e H

anse

n et

al.,

199

6a

Ole

osid

e Iri

doid

O

lea

euro

paea

O

lea

lanc

ea

Wea

k W

eak

Han

sen

et a

l., 1

996a

H

anse

n et

al.,

199

6a

Ole

osid

e-11

-met

hyl e

ster

Iri

doid

O

lea

euro

paea

O

lea

lanc

ea

Wea

k W

eak

Han

sen

et a

l., 1

996a

H

anse

n et

al.,

199

6a

445



Ole

urop

ein

Irido

id

Ole

a eu

ropa

ea

Ole

a la

ncea

W

eak

Wea

k H

anse

n et

al.,

199

6a

Han

sen

et a

l., 1

996a

O

vato

diol

ide

Dite

rpen

e An

isom

eles

indi

ca

Aniso

mel

es in

dica

In

activ

e In

activ

e A

risaw

a et

al.,

198

6 M

omos

e et

al.,

199

4 O

vato

diol

ide,

4,5

-deo

xy

Dite

rpen

e An

isom

eles

indi

ca

Inac

tive

Aris

awa

et a

l., 1

986

Ova

todi

olid

e, 4

,5-e

poxy

D

iterp

ene

Aniso

mel

es in

dica

W

eak

Mom

ose

et a

l., 1

994

Peps

tatin

Pr

otei

d C

omer

cial

A

ctiv

e A

oyag

i et a

l., 1

986

Pept

ide

P Pr

otei

d Bo

thro

ps ja

rara

cuss

u A

ctiv

e Fe

rrei

ra e

t al.,

199

2 Ph

enac

ein

Alk

aloi

d St

rept

omyc

es ta

nash

iens

is

Act

ive

Bus

h et

al.,

198

4 Ph

thal

ide,

3-N

-but

yl

Mis

c la

cton

e Ao

ium

gra

veol

ens

Inac

tive

Tsi e

t al.,

199

7 Po

lysa

ccha

ride

HS-

142-

1 C

arbo

hydr

ate

Aure

obas

idiu

m sp

. In

activ

e M

oris

hita

et a

l., 1

991

Proc

yani

din

B-1

Fl

avon

oid

Lesp

edez

a ca

pita

ta

Act

ive

Wag

ner e

t al.,

199

2 Pr

ocya

nidi

n B

-2, 3

,3’-

di-O

-gal

late

Fl

avon

oid

Kor

ean

gree

n te

a A

ctiv

e U

chid

a et

al.,

198

7 Pr

ocya

nidi

n B

-3

Flav

onoi

d Le

sped

eza

capi

tata

A

ctiv

e W

agne

r et a

l., 1

992

Proc

yani

din

B-3

, 3-O

-gal

late

Fl

avon

oid

Kor

ean

gree

n te

a A

ctiv

e C

ho e

t al.,

199

3 Pr

ocya

nidi

n B

-5, 3

,3’-

di-O

-gal

late

Fl

avon

oid

Kor

ean

gree

n te

a A

ctiv

e U

chid

a et

al.,

198

7 Pr

ocya

nidi

n B

-6

Flav

onoi

d Le

sped

eza

capi

tata

A

ctiv

e W

agne

r et a

l., 1

992

Proc

yani

din

C-1

, 3,3

’,3’’

-tri-O

- ga

llate

Fl

avon

oid

Kor

ean

gree

n te

a A

ctiv

e U

chid

a et

al.,

198

7

Proc

yani

din

C-2

Fl

avon

oid

Lesp

edez

a ca

pita

ta

Act

ive

Wag

ner e

t al.,

199

2 Py

cnid

ione

O

xige

n he

tero

cycl

e Ph

oma

sp.

Inac

tive

Har

ris e

t al.,

199

3 Py

cnog

enol

Fl

avon

oid

Pinu

s mar

itim

a A

ctiv

e Pa

cker

et a

l., 1

999

Que

rcet

in-3

-O-(

2’’-

O-g

allo

yl)-

gluc

osid

e Fl

avon

oid

Dio

spyr

os k

aki

Dio

spyr

os k

aki

Act

ive

Act

ive

Kam

eda

et a

l., 1

987

Aris

awa

et a

l., 1

989

Que

rcet

in-3

-O-b

eta-

D-g

luco

side

Fl

avon

oid

Allo

phyl

us e

dulis

A

ctiv

e A

risaw

a et

al.,

198

9 Q

uerc

itrin

Fl

avon

oid

Eryt

hrox

ylum

laur

ifoliu

m

Act

ive

Han

sen

et a

l., 1

996b

Q

uerc

itrin

, iso

Fl

avon

oid

Dio

spyr

os k

aki

Act

ive

Kam

eda

et a

l., 1

987

Qui

nolo

ne, 1

-met

hyl-2

-[(c

is-4

-cis-

7)-

4,7-

tride

ca-d

ieny

l] A

lkal

oid

Evod

ia ru

taec

arpa

A

ctiv

e Le

e et

al.,

199

8

Qui

nolo

ne,

1-m

ethy

l-2-[p

enta

deca

-cis-

6-ci

s-9-

dien

yl]

Alk

aloi

d Ev

odia

ruta

ecar

pa

Act

ive

Lee

et a

l., 1

998

Sam

bace

in I

Irido

id

Jasm

inum

azo

ricum

A

ctiv

e So

man

adha

n et

al.,

199

8 Sa

mba

cein

II

Irido

id

Jasm

inum

azo

ricum

A

ctiv

e So

man

adha

n et

al.,

199

8 Sa

mba

cein

III

Irido

id

Jasm

inum

azo

ricum

A

ctiv

e So

man

adha

n et

al.,

199

8 Sa

mba

cosi

de A

Iri

doid

Ja

smin

um a

zoric

um

Act

ive

Som

anad

han

et a

l., 1

998

Solla

sin

C

Sesq

uite

rpen

e Po

ecill

astra

solla

si

Act

ive

Kill

day

et a

l., 1

993

Solla

sin

D

Sesq

uite

rpen

e Po

ecill

astra

solla

si

Act

ive

Kill

day

et a

l., 1

993

Stre

ptom

yces

ant

ibio

tic A

-583

65-A

A

lkal

oid

Stre

ptom

yces

chr

omof

uscu

s St

rept

omyc

es c

hrom

ofus

cus

Stre

ptom

yces

chr

omof

uscu

s

Act

ive

Act

ive

Act

ive

Myn

ders

e et

al.,

198

5 M

ynde

rse

et a

l., 1

984

O

’Con

nor e

t al.,

198

5 St

rept

omyc

es a

ntib

iotic

A-5

8365

-B

Alk

aloi

d St

rept

omyc

es c

hrom

ofus

cus

Stre

ptom

yces

chr

omof

uscu

s A

ctiv

e A

ctiv

e M

ynde

rse

et a

l., 1

985

Myn

ders

e et

al.,

198

4

446



16(3):jul/set. 2006

Stre

ptom

yces

ant

ibio

tic W

S-73

38-B

Pr

otei

d St

rept

omyc

es sp

. W

eak

Miy

ata

et a

l., 1

992

Stre

ptom

yces

ant

ibio

ticW

S-98

26-A

Pr

otei

d St

rept

omyc

es v

iola

ceus

nige

r W

eak

Has

him

oto

et a

l., 1

992

Syrin

gin

Phen

ylpr

opan

oid

Euco

mm

ia u

lmoi

des

Act

ive

Yam

adak

i et a

l., 1

992

Taxo

l D

iterp

ene

Taxu

s bre

vifo

lia

Act

ive

Saur

u et

al.,

199

5 Te

rpin

ene,

alp

ha

Mon

oter

pene

C

omer

cial

W

eak

Oka

mur

a et

al.,

199

2 Te

rpin

ene,

gam

ma

Mon

oter

pene

C

omer

cial

W

eak

Oka

mur

a et

al.,

199

2 Te

rpin

eol,

alph

a M

onot

erpe

ne

Com

erci

al

Wea

k O

kam

ura

et a

l., 1

992

Tetra

deca

-tran

s-6-

tran

s-12

-die

ne-8

,10-

diyn

e-1,

3-di

ol

Alk

enyn

e At

ract

ylod

es ja

poni

ca

Inac

tive

Saku

rai e

t al.,

199

3

Tetra

deca

-tran

s-6-

tran

s-12

-die

ne-8

,10-

diyn

e-1,

3-di

ol d

iace

tate

A

lken

yne

Atra

ctyl

odes

japo

nica

In

activ

e Sa

kura

i et a

l., 1

993

Tetra

ndrin

e, (+

) A

lkal

oid

Step

hani

a te

trand

ra

Act

ive

Ogi

no e

t al.,

198

7a

Tetra

ndrin

e-2N

-bet

a-ox

ide

Alk

aloi

d St

epha

nia

tetra

ndra

A

ctiv

e O

gino

et a

l., 1

987b

V

arie

colin

Se

ster

terp

ene

Aspe

rgill

us v

arie

colo

r A

ctiv

e H

ense

ns e

t al.,

199

1 V

erat

ridin

e A

lkal

oid

Vera

trum

sp.

Act

ive

Ball

et a

l., 1

986

Vic

enin

2

Flav

onoi

d Al

loph

ylus

edu

lis

Act

ive

Aris

awa

et a

l., 1

989

Vite

xin

Flav

onoi

d Al

loph

ylus

edu

lis

Allo

phyl

us e

dulis

A

ctiv

e A

ctiv

e O

kam

ot e

t al.,

199

4

Aris

awa

et a

l., 1

989

Vite

xin,

iso

Flav

onoi

d Al

loph

ylus

edu

lis

Act

ive

Aris

awa

et a

l., 1

989

Vite

xin-

2’’-

O-a

lpha

-L-r

ham

nosi

de

Flav

onoi

d Al

loph

ylus

edu

lis

Act

ive

Aris

awa

et a

l., 1

989

Xan

thon

e, 1

,3,5

,6-te

trahy

drox

y X

anth

one

Trip

tero

sper

mum

lanc

eola

tum

A

ctiv

e C

hen

et a

l., 1

992

Xan

thon

e, 1

,3,6

,7-te

trahy

drox

y X

anth

one

Trip

tero

sper

mum

lanc

eola

tum

W

eak

Che

n et

al.,

199

2 X

anth

one,

2,3

,6,7

-tetra

hydr

oxy

Xan

thon

e Tr

ipte

rosp

erm

um la

nceo

latu

m

Wea

k C

hen

et a

l., 1

992

Xan

thon

e, 3

,4,5

,6-te

trahy

drox

y X

anth

one

Trip

tero

sper

mum

lanc

eola

tum

W

eak

Che

n et

al.,

199

2 X

anth

one,

3,4

,6,7

-tetra

hydr

oxy

Xan

thon

e Tr

ipte

rosp

erm

um la

nceo

latu

m

Act

ive

Che

n et

al.,

199

2

16(3): 421-446, Jul./Set. 2006 Natural products inhibitors ... · 422 Natural products inhibitors...

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Transcript of 16(3): 421-446, Jul./Set. 2006 Natural products inhibitors ... · 422 Natural products inhibitors...