16209499 Functions of Management Assignment Ppt

8/4/2019 16209499 Functions of Management Assignment Ppt

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PLANNING

A plan is a predetermined course of actionwhich provides purpose and direction of an

organization.

Planning is foreseeing future circumstances andrequirements, then, setting objectives, making

long and short term plans and determining the

policies to be followed with standards to be set.


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It involves making a systematic process for achievingthe organizations goals.

In planning, managers receive and store information,

monitor and disseminate the information. A manager makes decisions on strategy and allocation

of resources and initiate planned changes

Strategic planning is the process of developing and

analyzing the organizations mission, overall goals,general strategies and allocating resources.


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A strategy ----is a course of action

created to achieve a long term goal.

Goals are the things that theorganization strives to achieve.

Strategic planning requires a lot of

information gathering, exploring

alternatives and emphasizing future

implications of its current decisions.


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Steps in planning

1. Define the organizations mission and vision.

A mission is the purpose of the organization.It

explains why the organization exists .

Vision is the future goal or achievement of an

organization. It guides the mission of the

organization by defining measurable strategicand financial objectives


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2. SWOT ANALYSIS

Analyze the strength, weaknesses and identify

opportunities and threats of the organization i.e.

SWOT Analysis baseline. SWOT analysis isused as the basis for future improvements.


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3. Setting goals and objectives.

Goals and objectives are developed to bridge the

gap between current capability and the mission

Objectives are statements describing results

and the way in which they will be achieved. They

are more specific and narrower than goals.


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4. Develop a strategy.

Information collected from the environmental

scan is used to:Match strengths with opportunities and address

weaknesses while trying to minimize threats to

its existence.

Make superior profits by getting a competitiveadvantage over competitors.


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5. Implementation of strategy.

Strategy is implemented by developingprograms, budgets and procedures.

It involves organizing the firms resources and

motivating staff to achieve the firms objectives.


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6. Evaluating /monitoring and control

Evaluation and control consists of:

Defining parameters to be measured.

Defining the target values of those parameters.

Performing measurement.

Comparing measured results to predefined

standards. Making necessary changes.


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ORGANIZING

This is the identification and classification of the

required activities, the grouping of activities

necessary to attain objectives, the assignment of

each grouping to a manager with authority andthe provision of coordination.

In organizing, structures are created,

relationships established and resources are

allocated for the accomplishment of activities


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In organizing, plans are reviewed, tasks to be

performed are listed, tasks are grouped into jobs

that can be done by an individual, departments

are created, work is assigned to individuals andauthority is delegated.


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Organizational Structure

Each organization has an organizational

structure.

Ideally, in developing an organizational structure

and distributing authority, managers' decisions

reflect the mission, objectives, goals and tactics

that grew out of the planning function.


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Specifically, they include:

1. Division of labor

2. Delegation of authority

3. Departmentation

4. Span of control

5. Coordination


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STAFFING

Staffing involves manning the organizational

structure through proper and effective

appraisal ,selection and development of people

to fill the roles designed into the structure. Staffing is also known as Human Resource

Management. In other words, it is the

management function devoted to acquiring,

training, appraising, and compensatingemployees.


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Staffing process involves:

1)-Development of organizational structure.2) -Assessment of manpower required and

available.3) -Assessment of their quality, qualification

and skills for the job.

4)- Appraisal Strength and shortcomings

5) -Conduct development programs.


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DIRECTING.

Directing involves the initiation of action

It contains motivation, communication and

leadership, supervision.

Leading is the process of influencing people so thatthey will contribute to organization and group goals.


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CONTROLLING.

This is the measurement and correction of

performance in order to ensure that

enterprise objectives and plans devised to

attain them are accomplished. Controlling is a function of every manager

both at lower and upper level since all have

responsibility for the execution of plans.

In controlling we must:


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Establish standards-

These are criteria for performance used by

managers to measure performance since

managers cannot usually watch everything beingdone within an organization.


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Measure performance-

This should be on a forward looking basis so that

deviations may be detected in advance of their

occurrence and avoided by appropriate actions.This is through detection of probable departures

from standards.


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Correct deviations-

- Standards should reflect the variouspositions in an organization structure.

Managers may correct deviations byredrawing their plans or by modifying their

goals.

- They may also correct by exercising theirorganizing function through reassignment

or clarification ofduties.


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- They may correct also by additional staffing,

better selection and training of subordinate or by

firing staff.

- Standards set may be physical like labor hoursper unit produced, may be cost standards like

cost per unit produced or revenue standards like

sales per customer.

- For control to be effective there must be real

time feedback.

16209499 Functions of Management Assignment Ppt

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