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We have only one world !

German-Baltic-Climate-and Resource Conference, Riga,

Sept. 21 st, 2016

“Resource Efficiency as a Key Indicator for Climate Protection”

Dr. Dipl.Chem. Beate KummerBonn/Rheinbreitbach

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The Facts

Quelle: berufebilder.de

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“China will shoulder its share of responsibility to play its part in this common endeavor. We also urge developed countries to fulfill their

historical responsibility, honor their emission reduction commitments

and help developing countries mitigate and adapt to climate

change.”

Xi JinpingPresident of the

People‘s Republic of China

“There’s one issue that will define the contours of this century more

dramatically than any other, and that is the urgent and

growing threat of a changing climate.”

Barack ObamaPresident of the USA

Resource efficiency hot topic on the global politics agenda

“Circular Economy strategy aims to mobilise efforts to keep the added value in products and materials for as long as possible, maximising resource efficiency and eliminating waste and thereby reducing environmental impacts..”Karmenu Vella, EU Commissioner

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On August 8, 2016 , we have used as much from nature as our planet can renew in the whole year.

We use more ecological resources and services than nature can regenerate through overfishing, overharvesting forests and emitting more carbon dioxide into the atmosphere than forests can sequester.

http://www.overshootday.org/

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Scarcity of resources and energy consumption

Quelle: ressourcenforum.at

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130 km

2800 km2700 km

1400 km

800 km

500 km

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

Afrika Nordamerika Europa Naher Osten Südamerika Asien

Frequent Flyers on a worldwide level?km per capita/year

Source: Handelsblatt Infografik Nr.162, 23.08.2016

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21.09.2016 7Source: Handelsblatt Grafik Nr.161, 22.08.2016

Food Waste (do not waste: 1 billion t of food are discarded /year

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http://www.infographicsblog.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/10/how-long-will-materials-last.jpg

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Quelle: IKZ.de 2006

We are running out of resources!!!

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Tremendously Growing Population needs more resources, it took all of human history up to the early 1800s for world population to reach 1 billion people, and until 1960 to reach 3 billion. Today, the world gains 1 billion people every 11 years(www.populationaction.org).

1950-1985 2%p.a.

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Buenos AiresQuelle: Picture Alliance

LagosQuelle: Bundeszentrale für politisch Bildung

More needs for Infrastructure, intelligent traffic sys tems

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Exponential Growth of population, GDP, water use, paper consumption……..since 1950

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Increasing automotive sector: Major Demands

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India

Turkey

+ 3%

C.I.S.

China

South America

North America

Europe

Asia(excl. China)

+ 1%

+ 1%

+ 7%

+ 7%

+ 4%

+ 3%

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Future growth rates of steel production / consumpti onStrong Growth in Emerging Markets

Source: IISI; The Economist; Merchant Research & Consulting Ltd., Iron & Steel Market Review (Jan. 2012); Scholz Estimates

� Today the key forces that drive the iron and steel market upwards are the expanding infrastructure in the emerging economies, booming industrialization and urbanization.

� The overall growth rates of the mentioned areas is forecasted to reach up to 6% p.a. in the coming five years which promises lasting demand growth for iron and steel.

� Per capita steel consumption in emerging markets is still far below developed markets which will drive further growth in the steel sector and will finally enhance the further development of the scrap recycling sector.

Per capita steel consumption in kgs.

~50

~ 500

~140

~ 400

~150

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Aluminium-Scrap-Market: International Trading Amoun ts increases

Quelle: OEA, European Aluminium Association, 2011

Al-Scrap flow 2011

Al-Scrap flow 1995

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Time for a Change

Urheber: <a href='http://de.123rf.com/profile_grafner'>grafner / 123RF Lizenzfreie Bilder</a>

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� The world is at the state of a devastating situation: the time limit to reduceclimate and ressources risks lies by 10 – 15 years for the human race

� We need to disconnect life quality (economy growth) from consumption of thenature by increasing productivity of resources

� A „turning point of resources“ (ecological modernisation) can lead to a newquality of growth, new jobs and new market segments; with an economicalstructural change many can win but not all

� Accelerating material and energy reduction needs ecological industrialpolicies by incentives which are based on currently implanted processes

� „GreenTech made in Germany“ can stand for a successful country poor ofraw materials and dependend on foreign economy

Time for a Change

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Consequences for a sustainable economic andenvironmental policy

� support of sustainable growth and acceptance of climate change

� support of sustainable industrial policy based on innovative efficient technologies

� increase of production of energy from renewable sources

� support of highly qualified personnel for resarch & develoment of efficient technology

The Challenge

We need regional solutions forglobal problems

Quelle: www.wasser-burgenland.at

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Raw Materials Conflicts

Scource picture: wrforum.org

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Resource dependancy of EU and sustainability impacts

Source: R. Kunze, ACEA, 2012

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Raw materials Conflicts Predicted

� Dependency of high oil and natural gas consumption in OECD countries changeable only in long term (20-40years)

� Rising dependency on imports of OECD countries and emerging marketsfrom sinking numbers of suppliers for oil and gas

� Growing regional unbalance between energy production and energyconsumtion; concentration of ressorces in politically unstable regions

� Accelerating climate change possible by depleting oil sands andliquidification of coal (CLT) as well as non-ecoefficient use of biomasses forbio fuel

� Growing political price volatility (Iran) due to „fear surcharge“ : uncalculable risks for global market

� Risks for democracies: centralisation and market domination by productsand global transportation; susceptibility of black mail by ractive suppliercountries

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Possible Solutions

Urban Mining: Recycling of Buildings, Vehicles.. Constructions

Recycling technology: New demands for higherrecycling rates and resourcesaving potential

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Urban Mining with increasing collection rates and creati ng jobs

Landfills, buildings… as raw material sources for metals, plastics and othersecondary raw material all over the world(Ex.: „Waste pickers“ in Agbogbloshie in Accra, Ghana)

Source: C. Höges/DER SPIEGEL, www.exzellenz.nrw.de

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End-of-LifeVehicle-Recycling : 96 % Recycling rate

ELV`s, mixed and collected scrap

Supply from different shredder plants

(Germany and Europe)

Heavy shredder fraction Light shredder fractionSteel scrap

shredder plantVertical shredder plant

Thin-walled metal-containing fractions (delivered from

municipal and industrial waste treatment plants)

Sales

Heavy metals

Aluminium

Processing plant Processing plant

Stainless steel

Wires, cables

Fuel substitute

Minerals Plastics

Input32.000 t/a

Input250.000 - 300.000 t/a

Input : 120.000 t/a Input : 105.000 t/a

Sort 47

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Climate Change and Recycling ?

What are the positive contributions of the sector? Recycling means less energy consumption, lessgreen house gas emissions and less rawmaterial consumption….

Quelle:www.epochtimes.de

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1 ton recycled steel scrap* save 1 t CO2-equiv., 650 kg iron ore and 500 kg coal. 1 ton recycled Aluminium save 9,87 t CO2-equiv. and1 ton recycled Copper saves 3,52 t CO2-equiv.

• Referenz: Produktion von • Rohstahl/Eisen aus • Eisenerz/Primärroute

Sustainability Factors in Recycling Sector

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Closing the recycling loop bears huge potential –Tremendous savings of input material, energy costs and green house gases

Source: Worldsteel Association, U.S. Energy Information Administration, D. Harvey (Energy and the New Reality 1)

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Further Demands

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Risks of losses through low reycling rates

Handy/Smartphones: Recycling rates only 10-20%

Source: Umicore, 2011

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Challenge: Cars with “No-Recyclables“

Serviceseiten50plus.de

LCD Screen• Europium• Yttrium• Cerium

Glass & MirrorsPolishing Powder• Cerium

UV CutGlas• Cerium

Diesel FuelAdditive• Lanthanum• Cerium

Hybrid NiMHBattery• Lanthanum• Cerium

CatalyticConverter• Cerium/Zirconium• Lanthanum

25+ Electric MotorsThroughout Vehicle• Neodymium (NdFeB) Magnets

Hybrid ElectricMotor and Generator• Neodymium• Praseodymium• Dysprosium• Terbium

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Markets with lower standards as a major demand

2009: 3.100.000 t Al-Srap flows

1995: 420.000 t Al-Scrap FlowsSource:Aurubis, GDA, 2009

Exports of scrap as a risk?

We have to compete with marketslike China or other BRIC states and othermarket conditions!

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Recycling as a demand and a need for all metals

Recycling Rates for Metals

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Political Targets are the basis and have to be fulf illed

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� Microparticles in the oceans are risksfor the food chain

� Plastic waste in oceans are a big secondaryraw material source

Quelle: www.socialgypsy.wordpr

ess.com

Quelle: www.crankygoat.com

Quelle: www.litterbugsarelosers.com

Marine plastic pollution: Global problem!!!

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Conclusions

� Recycling business is an increasing market for resource efficiency

� Recycling technologies have to be implemented in less developedcountries

� All eco technologies have a positive impact for green house gas savings

� Raw material saving is triggered bei diverting waste from landfills

� New technologies need further research (chances for cooperationprojects)

� Resource efficiency will be pushed by increasingg energy prices (higherenergy prices provide e.g. an advantage to substitute iron ore by scrap, but availability is limited)

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People in Europe live as they wouldhave 3 planets!

Our footprint is too big!!RECYCLING has an important positive

sustainable Impact!

W.Pekny, Greenpeace CEE

21.09.2016

Contact:Kummer:Umweltkommunikation GmbH

Gebrüder-Grimm- Str. 1753619 Rheinbreitbach

+49-2224-9011480buero@beate-kummer.de

www.beate-kummer.de

Thank you for your attention!Any questions?

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