16-4 What are the Advantages and Disadvantages of using hydropower?
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16-4 What are the Advantages and Disadvantages of using hydropower?Katie BrumbaughSydney Lenzotti
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Section ConceptWe can use water flowing
over dams. tidal flows, and ocean waves to generate electricity, but environmental concerns, limited availability of suitable sites may limit our use of these energy resources.
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Hoover Dam, Neveda
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Syncrude Tailings Dam, Canada
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We can produce Electricity from Flowing and Falling water Uses kinetic energy of falling and
flowing water to produce electricity An indirect form of solar energy (based
an evaporation of water or water cycle) http://
www.youtube.com/watch?v=StPobH5ODTw&feature=related
Water deposited at higher elevation where it can flow to lower elevations in river
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How to HarnessMost common approach is to build
a high dam across a high dam to create a reservoir (artificial lake formed when a stream is dammed)
Some of the stored water flows through large pipes at controlled rates to spin turbines that produce electricity
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World Leading Renewable Energy Source used to Produce electricity2007- 20% of the worlds electricity
99% Norway, 75% New Zealand, 59% Canada, 21% China, 6% US (but about 50% used on west coast)
Top 5 producersCanada, China, Brazil, United
States, Russia
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Untapped Potential According to the UN, only about 13%
of hydropower has been developed Especially China, India, South America,
Central Africa, and parts of the former Soviet Union
2020 China plans to double hydropower output, build/fund more than 200 dams around the world
Brazil has 4 dams and plan to build about 70 more
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Untapped Potential cont. If goals completed, current and planned
hydropower projects around the world will have the electrical output of several thousand large coal burning power plant, but without the high emissions of greenhouse gases
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Criticism Some analyst the use of large scale hydropower
plants to fall over the next several decades as existing reservoirs fill with silts and become useless faster than new dams can be built
Growing concern over the emission of methane from the decomposition of submerged vegetation in hydropower reservoirs especially in warm climates.
Dams are the single largest source of human produced methane
As glacier melt and less water is flowing through rivers and streams less electricity will be able to be produced
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Microhydropower Generators Floating turbines, each about the size of
an over night suitcase May become an increasingly important
way to produce electricity Use power of flowing water to turn rotor
blades, which spin a turbine to produce electric current
Advantages Be placed in any stream or river without
altering its course Can provide electricity at very low cost Low environmental impact
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We can use Tides and Waves to Produce Electricity Tides can cause water levels to rise and
fall up to 6 meter (20 feet) or more between daily high and low tides
Dams built across costal bays and estuaries to capture energy
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Operating Tidal Energy Dams La Rance on the
northern coast of France Nova Scotia’s Bay of
Fundy Several more countries
plan to build tidal energy dam
Disadvantages include: high costs and few global sties
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New and Developing Technologies 2006-2008 Verdant Power built and
installed 6 underwater turbines which tapped into the tidal flow of the East River near NYC
Turbines resembled underwater wind turbines because they swivel to face the incoming and out going tides
Produce electricity efficiently Next phase involves installing 30 turbine, if
successful up to 300 more could be installed
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New and Developing Technologies cont. Next phase involves installing 30
turbine, if successful up to 300 more could be installed
System similar to this powers a town in Norway
Disadvantages- systems limited to limited amounts of rivers with adequate tidal flow
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The Future Trying to capture the water energy of
waves along sea costs where there is almost continuous waves
Portugal- large snake-like of floating steel tubes
the up and down motion of the chains creates electricity
Powered 15,000 homes Disadvantages: few suitable sites, high
costs, and equipment could be easily corroded
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TradeoffsAdvantages
Moderate to high net energy yield
Large amount of untapped resources
Low CO2 emissions
Disadvantages
Large land disturbance
High CH4 emission from rapid biomass decay in reservoirs
Disrupts downstream aquatic ecosystems
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Summary Water flowing in rivers and streams can be trapped
in reservoirs behind dams and released to spine turbines and produce electricity
Hydro power is an indirect form of renewable solar energy. It produced 20% of the world’s electricity in 2006
Advantages: many untapped potential resources, high net energy yield, low CO2 emissions
Disadvantages: large land disturbance, High CH4 emission from rapid biomass decay in reservoirs, disrupts downstream aquatic ecosystems
Ocean tides and waves can be used to generate electricity but the costs are high and limited locations for this technology