Azerbaijan State Oil AcademyAzerbaijan State Oil AcademyStudent:Student: Valizadeh Asaf Valizadeh Asaf

Group:Group: BBA-O28 BBA-O28

Turkey in briefTurkey in brief

Official Name:Official Name: The The Republic of Turkey Republic of Turkey (Türkiye Cumhuriyeti)(Türkiye Cumhuriyeti)

Founder:Founder: Mustafa Mustafa Kemal ATATÜRK (1881-Kemal ATATÜRK (1881-1938)1938)

Capital:Capital: Ankara Ankara Population:Population: 72 million 72 million Language: Language: Turkish Turkish

(uses Latin Alphabet)(uses Latin Alphabet) Currency:Currency: Turkish Turkish

LiraLira

Turkey in briefTurkey in brief Location:Location: Eastern Eastern

Mediterranean. Located on Mediterranean. Located on two continents Europe and two continents Europe and Asia. The European part of Asia. The European part of Turkey is called Thrace, Turkey is called Thrace, while the Asian part is while the Asian part is called Anatolia or Asia called Anatolia or Asia Minor.Minor.

Area:Area: 814 578 Km2 (314 814 578 Km2 (314 500 square miles) % 3 on 500 square miles) % 3 on the European continent % the European continent % 97 on the Asian continent.97 on the Asian continent.

Religion:Religion: 99 percent of 99 percent of the population is Muslim. the population is Muslim. Turkey is a secular state Turkey is a secular state that assures complete that assures complete freedom of worship to non- freedom of worship to non- Muslims.Muslims.

Turkey in briefTurkey in brief National Anthem:National Anthem:

Istiklal Marsi Lyrics by: Istiklal Marsi Lyrics by: Mehmet Akif Ersoy Adopted as Mehmet Akif Ersoy Adopted as Turkey’s National Anthem on Turkey’s National Anthem on March 12, 1921.March 12, 1921.

Major Cities:Major Cities: Istanbul Istanbul 12.0 million Ankara 4.0 million 12.0 million Ankara 4.0 million Izmir 3.3 million Izmir 3.3 million

Government:Government: Turkey is Turkey is democratic, secular and social democratic, secular and social state governed by the rule of state governed by the rule of law; committed to the law; committed to the nationalism of Atatürk and nationalism of Atatürk and based on the principle of the based on the principle of the separation of powersseparation of powers

Turkey in briefTurkey in brief

Legislative Power:Legislative Power: The The Turkish Grand National Turkish Grand National Assembly ExecutiveAssembly Executive

Power:Power: President and the President and the Council of Ministers. Council of Ministers.

Judicial Power:Judicial Power: Independent Independent courts and supreme judiciary courts and supreme judiciary organs.organs.

Coastline:Coastline: 8333 Km (5000 8333 Km (5000 miles) Turkey is surrounded by miles) Turkey is surrounded by the Black Sea in the north, the the Black Sea in the north, the Mediterranean in the south and Mediterranean in the south and the Aegean Sea in the west. In the Aegean Sea in the west. In the northwest there is the Sea the northwest there is the Sea of Marmara of Marmara andand Dardanelles Dardanelles and the Bosphorus.and the Bosphorus.

Turkey in briefTurkey in brief Geographical Regions:Geographical Regions:

Turkey has 80 administrative Turkey has 80 administrative provinces and seven provinces and seven geographical regions. Black Sea geographical regions. Black Sea Region - Marmara Region - Region - Marmara Region - Aegean Region - Mediterranean Aegean Region - Mediterranean Region - Central Anatolia Region Region - Central Anatolia Region - Eastern Anatolia Region - - Eastern Anatolia Region - Southeastern Anatolia Region Southeastern Anatolia Region

Landmarks:Landmarks: Ayasofya Ayasofya Museum, Topkapi Palace, Blue Museum, Topkapi Palace, Blue Mosque, Dolmabahce Palace, Mosque, Dolmabahce Palace, ancient City of Troy, Ephesus, ancient City of Troy, Ephesus, Aphrodisias, Pergamon, Aphrodisias, Pergamon, Pamukkale, Goreme-Cappadocia, Pamukkale, Goreme-Cappadocia, Mt. Nemrut, Safranbolu.Mt. Nemrut, Safranbolu.

Structure Of EconomyStructure Of Economy Turkey's dynamic Turkey's dynamic

economy is a economy is a complex mix of complex mix of modern industry modern industry and commerce along and commerce along with a traditional with a traditional agriculture sectoragriculture sector

It has a strong and It has a strong and rapidly growing rapidly growing private sector, yet private sector, yet the state remains a the state remains a major participant in major participant in basic industry, basic industry, banking, transport, banking, transport, and communication. and communication.

Structure Of EconomyStructure Of Economy The largest industrial The largest industrial

sector is textiles and sector is textiles and clothing, which clothing, which accounts for one-accounts for one-third of industrial third of industrial employment.employment.

Other sectors, Other sectors, notably the notably the automotive and automotive and electronics electronics industries, are rising industries, are rising in importance within in importance within Turkey's export mix.Turkey's export mix.

Challenges Of The Challenges Of The Turkish EconomyTurkish Economy

Political:Political: In 2007 and 2008, In 2007 and 2008, Turkish financial markets Turkish financial markets weathered significant domestic weathered significant domestic political turmoil, including political turmoil, including turbulence sparked by turbulence sparked by controversy over the selection controversy over the selection of former Foreign Minister of former Foreign Minister Abdullah GUL as Turkey's 11th Abdullah GUL as Turkey's 11th president and the possible president and the possible closure of the Justice and closure of the Justice and Development Party (AKP).Development Party (AKP).

Financial:Financial: Turkey's Turkey's financial markets and banking financial markets and banking system also weathered the 2009 system also weathered the 2009 global financial crisis and did global financial crisis and did not suffer signifcant declines not suffer signifcant declines due to banking reforms due to banking reforms implemented during the implemented during the country's own financial crisis in country's own financial crisis in 2001. 2001.

Challenges Of The Challenges Of The Turkish EconomyTurkish Economy

International tradeInternational trade as the global economic as the global economic slowdown continues to slowdown continues to curb demand for Turkish curb demand for Turkish exports.exports.

Foreign investorsForeign investors

confidence is fragile: confidence is fragile: Turkey's high Turkey's high current account current account deficit leaves the deficit leaves the economy vulnerable economy vulnerable to destabilizing shifts to destabilizing shifts in investor in investor confidence.confidence.

Busıness EnvıronmentBusıness Envıronment A lower-middle A lower-middle

income country income country according to the according to the classifications of the classifications of the World BankWorld Bank

Has an advantegous Has an advantegous geographic position geographic position joining the East and joining the East and the Westthe West

Adult illiteracy: 18%Adult illiteracy: 18% Only 20% of the Only 20% of the

literate group has high literate group has high school degreeschool degree

Busıness EnvıronmentBusıness Envıronment GDP per capita: $2200-GDP per capita: $2200-

60006000 Annual growth rate Annual growth rate

(real GDP growth): 4%(real GDP growth): 4% Foreign trade balance: Foreign trade balance:

$-34 million$-34 million Unemployment: 9.2%Unemployment: 9.2% Record on tax collection Record on tax collection

not so good.not so good. Slow down in inflation Slow down in inflation

rate due since 2003rate due since 2003

Busıness EnvıronmentBusıness Envıronment

Big corporation is a Big corporation is a new phenomenonnew phenomenon

TTÜÜSIAD – Turkish SIAD – Turkish Industralists and Industralists and Businessmen’s Businessmen’s AssociationAssociation

TÜSİAD TÜSİAD was was establish establish in 1971in 1971

Busıness EnvıronmentBusıness Envıronment Family-dominated Family-dominated

management of firms of management of firms of all sizesall sizes

A delicate balance A delicate balance between between professionalization and professionalization and family controlfamily control Educating family members Educating family members

in top universitiesin top universities Integrating a manager into Integrating a manager into

the family through marriagethe family through marriage Strong relationships Strong relationships

between family members between family members and professional managersand professional managers

Busıness EnvıronmentBusıness Envıronment Arbitrary and rather Arbitrary and rather

opportunistic choice of opportunistic choice of initial area of activityinitial area of activity

Heavy engagement in Heavy engagement in unrelated diversificationunrelated diversification

Good connections in Good connections in state circlesstate circles

Rent-seeking behavior Rent-seeking behavior and real estate and real estate speculationspeculation

Busıness EnvıronmentBusıness Envıronment

Detrimental effect of high degree of Detrimental effect of high degree of state involvement in business activitystate involvement in business activity Subsidized credits, input Subsidized credits, input

supply, output demandsupply, output demand Resource position is strongest Resource position is strongest

in semi and unskilled labor, in semi and unskilled labor, weaker in highly-weaker in highly-skilled laborskilled labor

Food\beverages, textiles\apparel, Food\beverages, textiles\apparel, housing\household goods, carpet, glass, housing\household goods, carpet, glass, ceramics, materials\metals, tobaccoceramics, materials\metals, tobacco

Business EtiquetteBusiness Etiquette SignificanceSignificance When doing business in an When doing business in an

unfamiliar country, it is crucial to unfamiliar country, it is crucial to understand appropriate business understand appropriate business etiquette etiquette

GreetingsGreetings In Turkey, new acquaintances In Turkey, new acquaintances

meet with a firm handshakemeet with a firm handshake RelationshipsRelationships Business people in Turkey tend to Business people in Turkey tend to

prefer to do business with people they prefer to do business with people they respectrespect

ConsiderationsConsiderations Direct communication and eye contact Direct communication and eye contact

is highly valued after a relationship is is highly valued after a relationship is formedformed

Business EtiquetteBusiness Etiquette

PreparationPreparation Appointments are Appointments are

necessary and should be necessary and should be made at least one to two made at least one to two weeks in advance over weeks in advance over the telephone. the telephone.

Proper DressProper Dress Turkish business dress is Turkish business dress is

conservativeconservative Meet and Greet Meet and Greet

EtiquetteEtiquette Shaking hands is Shaking hands is

common when meeting common when meeting your business partners your business partners for the first timefor the first time

Business EtiquetteBusiness Etiquette

Building Strong Building Strong RelationsRelations Creating strong Creating strong

relationships is crucial for relationships is crucial for doing successful business doing successful business in Turkeyin Turkey

Getting Down to Getting Down to BusinessBusiness When you finally begin to When you finally begin to

bring up business be bring up business be patient and do not rush patient and do not rush anythinganything

Social EtiquetteSocial Etiquette

An unwritten An unwritten driving ruledriving rule

In Turkey women In Turkey women don't need to yield to don't need to yield to men drivers. When a men drivers. When a woman finds a place to woman finds a place to park and is waiting for park and is waiting for a parking place, no a parking place, no other driver can take other driver can take her place.her place.

Social EtiquetteSocial Etiquette

Eating Politely in Eating Politely in TurkeyTurkey

You should learn dining You should learn dining etiquette before you etiquette before you come if you want to eat come if you want to eat your meal in a polite way. your meal in a polite way.

You shouldn't speak while You shouldn't speak while you are eating.you are eating.

You must keep your You must keep your mouth closed while you mouth closed while you are chewingare chewing. .

Social EtiquetteSocial Etiquette

In a restaurant, be sure In a restaurant, be sure not to ask the price not to ask the price before you begin your before you begin your meal.meal.

Always order your meal Always order your meal before your drink. before your drink.

While you are eating While you are eating chicken, you shouldn't chicken, you shouldn't use your fork and knife, use your fork and knife, and you can eat it with and you can eat it with your fingers.your fingers.

ReligionReligion

Women try to cover Women try to cover their arms and their arms and shoulders, and wear shoulders, and wear longer dresses. longer dresses.

Men should try to Men should try to keep their shoulders keep their shoulders covered when out in covered when out in public, and it is best public, and it is best to opt for longer to opt for longer trousers in the less trousers in the less tourist-driven areas. tourist-driven areas.

ReligionReligion

If visiting a If visiting a mosque, the dress mosque, the dress code demands code demands that women that women should cover their should cover their head, shoulders, head, shoulders, arms and legs, arms and legs, taking care not to taking care not to show ankles or show ankles or feet. feet.

Body Language and Body Language and GesticulatingGesticulating

Handshakes and a kiss on Handshakes and a kiss on each cheek between men each cheek between men and women are common and women are common forms of meeting and forms of meeting and greetinggreeting

‘‘Yes’ is that it is just a Yes’ is that it is just a small nod of the head small nod of the head downwardsdownwards

‘‘No’ is indicated by a nod No’ is indicated by a nod of the head upwards, often of the head upwards, often with raised eyebrowswith raised eyebrows

HHand-kissing is a common and-kissing is a common way to greet elder people way to greet elder people of both genders of both genders

Body Language and Body Language and GesticulatingGesticulating

‘‘OK’ sign is actually a OK’ sign is actually a very rude and very rude and provocative signal, as is provocative signal, as is placing your thumb placing your thumb between your index and between your index and middle finger. middle finger.

to bring a gift with you to bring a gift with you to show your to show your humbleness and humbleness and gratitude.gratitude.

Alcohol may be given as Alcohol may be given as a gift, but remember a gift, but remember that not all Turkish that not all Turkish people actually drink it.people actually drink it.

1 nation – 2 countries1 nation – 2 countries

Similarities between AZERBAIJAN Similarities between AZERBAIJAN and TURKEYand TURKEY Language Language CuisineCuisine ReligionReligion MusicMusic

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