15200404 Chapter 24 Great Depression
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Transcript of 15200404 Chapter 24 Great Depression
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Chapter 24Chapter 24 The Rise of DictatorsThe Rise of Dictators
From The Roaring Twenties to the Great DepressionFrom The Roaring Twenties to the Great Depression
1920 Galveston Island Swim suit review
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PresidentWoodrowWilson throwing out theceremonial first ball, opening day, 1916
PresidentWarren G. Hardingthrowing out the
ceremonial first ball, opening day, 1921
Sports became very popular in America in the
1920s.
Red Grange The Galloping Ghostbecamea legend on the football field.
The 1920s saw the explosion of growth in the auto industryin America.
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US Rejected the League Americans didnt want to get
involved in European affairs(Isolationism)
League had no means ofenforcement
Why did the League of Nations Fail?
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A Weak League of Nations
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Roaring 20s
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Video: The Roaring Twenties! (5:03)Video: The Roaring Twenties! (5:03)
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Hyperinflation and Unemployment in Germany
1914 4.2 marks = $1
1923 4.2 trillion marks=$1
1918 bread less than 1mark1923 bread = 200 Billion Marks
*42 billion marks to the penny
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Burning German
Marks for heat
Five Billion German Mark Bill, circa 1923
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October 27, 1932 - 10,000London workers were movingtowards Hyde Park
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The Treaty of Locarno Established International
boundaries
Promises of peace
From left to right,
Gustav Stresemann, Austen Chamberlain and Aristide
Briand during the Locarno negotiations in Switzerland
Kellogg-Briand Pact1. Almost every nation signed
2. Promised to renounce war except forself defense
3. No enforcement
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TheThe
WarWarDebtDebt
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The Dawes Plan Reduced reparation payments that the
Germans were forced to pay.
Then setup loans from U.S. to Germany Worked well, until the crash of the stock
market and the collapse of the U.S.economy.
Charles Dawes was anAmerican banker andpolitician who was the 30th
Vice President of the United
States (1925-1929).
For his work on the Dawes
Plan for World War I
reparations he was a co-
recipient of the NobelPeace Prize.
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The Great Depression in AmericaThe Great Depression in America
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The Great DepressionThe Great Depression
During the Great
Depression, many
people had to
resort to desperate
measures
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Quick Quiz use your notes, put your answers on aseparate sheet of paper with your heading at the top.
1. For what reasons did the League ofNations fail?
2. Explain the Treaty of Locarno, TheKellogg-Briand Pact, and the DawesPlan. Why did each fail?
3. What were conditions like during the
Great Depression?
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Depression: period of low economicactivity and rising unemployment
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Causes of the Great Depression
The Stock Market Crashes:
Black ThursdayOct. 24, 1929
1. Economic Downturns caused
by overproduction
2. The U.S. Stock Market Crash3. US aid to Europe dried up
4. Banks fold under pressure
Banks fold when customers lose
confidence and pull all of their money out.
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Unemployment = 15 MillionIn the US Unemployment in just
3 years soared from 3% to 25%
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The DustbowlThe DustbowlThe DustbowlThe Dustbowl
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The Dirty 30s: a period of severe dust storms causing major ecological and
agricultural damage to American and Canadian prairie lands.
The phenomenon was caused bysevere drought coupled with decades of
extensive farming without crop rotation, fallow fields, cover crops or other techniques
to prevent erosion.
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A dust storm approaches Stratford,
Texas, in 1935. North of Lubbock.
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Buried machinery in a barn lot; Dallas, South Dakota, May 1936
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HOOVERVILLE: popular name for shanty towns built by homeless people during the
Great Depression.
They were named after the President of the United States at the time, Herbert Hoover, because he allegedly let the
nation slide into depression.The term was coined by Charles Michelson, publicity chief of the Democratic National Committee.
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1932 Franklin Delano Roosevelt BeatHerbert Hooverin a landslide in US Election
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FDR Inauguration:The only thing we have to fear is, fear
itself.
FDR Campaign Slogan:
Happy Days are Here Again!Happy Days are Here Again!
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FDR Elected (Video 2:00)
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1. Increased GovernmentActivity in the Economy
2. Renewed interest inMarxism and other extremeideas
3. Led people to follow
dictatorial leaders
1. Increased GovernmentActivity in the Economy
2. Renewed interest inMarxism and other extremeideas
3. Led people to follow
dictatorial leaders
Results of the Great DepressionResults of the Great Depression
John Maynard
Keynes (canes)
British Economist:
1936
FDRs New Deal included
increased govt. activity toboost economy.
Dictators like Stalin, Mussolini, and Hitler emerge in Europe.
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Keynesian Economic Policy:Keynesian Economic Policy:
1. Unemployment came from decline ofdemand, not overproduction
2. Govt. needs to invest in Public Works& Deficit Spend until economy heals
3. Ignored in Britain, adopted by FranklinRoosevelt in USA
FDR used govt. sponsored
programs to put people to
work. This included electricity
in rural areas (TVA shown
below).
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FDR: The New DealFDR: The New Deal
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Whats The New Deal?Whats The New Deal?FDRs plan to reform capitalism. Improved
government intervention in the economy.
Based on the ideas of Keynes
Restored confidence But Depression hung on
until WWII
By 1932, US production fell 50% compared to 1929.By 1933 15 Million were unemployed in US.
Increased program of public works.The WPA employed 3 million at its peak.
Built bridges, roads, hospitals, and electric
power capacity.1935 Social Security Act: old-age
pensions & unemployment insurance.
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Fireside Chats:informal talks on radio to reassure the people
The fireside chats were a series of 30 evening radioaddresses given by United States President
Franklin D. Roosevelt between 1933 and 1944.
El R lt 1st L d
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Eleanor Roosevelt 1st LadyActive business & speaking agenda in an
era when few women had careers.
Held weekly press conferences and wrote anewspaper column, "My Day.
Heavy travel schedule throughout the country
to be where her husband could not be dueto his paralysis.