14th IEA - RFP Workshop Consorzio RFX, Padova, ITALY, April 26th-28th 2010
-
Upload
rachel-logan -
Category
Documents
-
view
35 -
download
0
description
Transcript of 14th IEA - RFP Workshop Consorzio RFX, Padova, ITALY, April 26th-28th 2010
M. Baruzzo – 14th IAE Workshop, Padova, April 26th-28th 2010 1
14th IEA - RFP WorkshopConsorzio RFX, Padova, ITALY,
April 26th-28th 2010
Resistive Wall Modes control under different coil configurations and implications for JT-60SA
M. Baruzzo
T. Bolzonella, G. Manduchi, G. Marchiori, M. Takechi
M. Baruzzo – 14th IAE Workshop, Padova, April 26th-28th 20102
Introduction
• Effective active RWM control is critical to access and maintain high N plasmas in advanced tokamak operations.
• RWM control in future devices will be an issue, taken into account that passive stabilization by plasma rotation and kinetic effects might not be present.
• Present sector coils design for future devices often implies very small coils (0.38% of total surface each for JT60-SA) and a low coverage of the plasma surface. No present experiment attempted RWM control with similar active coils.
• Innovative experiments on RWM control have been planned and recently performed on RFX-mod device in collaboration between Consorzio RFX and JAEA.
• RWM in RFX-mod drive is the stationary, equilibrium current profile, i.e. their growth rate is robustly constant over the plasma discharge;
• RWM in RFX-mod can be stabilized only by active control: passive stabilization effects (rotation, kinetics, ...) play a negligible role;
• RFX-mod has well known and flexible control system.
• RFX-mod can provide answers for outstanding RWM control issues
Outline
Introduction
Outline
RFX-mod and JT60-SA active coils configurations
RFX-mod active control reconfiguration:
– Implementation
– single RWM control
– multiple RWMs control
Conclusions and future work
3M. Baruzzo – 14th IAE Workshop, Padova, April 26th-28th 2010
M. Baruzzo – 14th IAE Workshop, Padova, April 26th-28th 20104
RFX-mod MHD control system
RFX-mod “quantum” for active control: =7.5°; =90°.Area covered=0.52%
RFX-mod control system is made by 192 active saddle coils, each independently fed. 100% coverage of the plasma surface.
RFX-mod active control system is designed to address tearing mode control, it is over-
dimensioned for RWMs control
M. Baruzzo – 14th IAE Workshop, Padova, April 26th-28th 20105
JT60-SA active RWM control
Each “external” sector coil covers 0.38% of the total surface; the total active area is then less about 6.8%.
Stabilising plate
"External" sector coils
“Internal" sector coils (alternative design)
M. Baruzzo – 14th IAE Workshop, Padova, April 26th-28th 20106
Active system reconfiguration
NB: it is a software reconfiguration, active on selected harmonics only!
The main idea is to test on the same plasma and on the same device different active control configurations.
M. Baruzzo – 14th IAE Workshop, Padova, April 26th-28th 2010
Software reconfiguration scheme
7
ON/OFF,Average,Other
+ji
refI, nm
stdI,
nmrecI,
jistdI,
jirecI,
i,j coil space
m,n mode space
M. Baruzzo – 14th IAE Workshop, Padova, April 26th-28th 20108
Different configurations explored
48 () x 4 (): 100%
48 () x 1 (): 25%
16 () x 1 (): 8.3%
3 () x 4 (): 6.25%
8 () x 1 (): 4.2%
12 () x 1 (): 6.25%
M. Baruzzo – 14th IAE Workshop, Padova, April 26th-28th 20109
Previous experiments in the 48x1 configuration already showed that by increasing the proportional gain it is possible to fully stabilize the most unstable RWM.
0
2.4
4.8
7.2
0 0.075 0.15 0.225
RW
M (
1,-6
) A
mp
[mT
]
Time [s]
Control ONControl OFF
Gp= 600Gp= 800Gp=1000Gp=1400
(1,-6) RWM control, 48x1 coils
M. Baruzzo – 14th IAE Workshop, Padova, April 26th-28th 201010
Vacuum pulse, reduced toroidal array
8x1 configuration (#28306), (1,-6) perturbation rotating at 20 Hz.Measured sidebands can be up to 3 times the main harmonic.Remember that aliased harmonics enter also in the (1,-6) amplitude, so that real (1,-6) amplitude is smaller than the one experimetally measured.
(1,-6)
M. Baruzzo – 14th IAE Workshop, Padova, April 26th-28th 201011
(1,-6) RWM control, reduced toroidal array
In new experiments, for all the configurations explored it was possible to find a set of (Kp; Ki) values completely stabilizing the selected RWM (but with active control on sidebands and toroidal harmonics present).
0
2
428281: no control28276: 24x1 (Kp=2400; Ki=40000)28289: 16x1 (Kp=5600; Ki=40000)28318: 8x1 (Kp=11200; Ki=30000)
0 0.05 0.1
(1,-
6) B
r A
mp
[m
T]
Time [s]
M. Baruzzo – 14th IAE Workshop, Padova, April 26th-28th 201012
Sideband effect on plasma
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
28318 t=028320 t=0.0228316 t=0.0328314 t=0.05
Pla
sma
Cur
rent
[MA
]
0
0.4
0.8
1.2
(1,-6
) Br A
mp
[mT]
Control starting from different finite amplitudes, 8x1 coils configuration.
Fast transients due to finite amplitude of RWM (growth rate, r.t. sensor system sampling time, control system latency time, ...) can affect very seriously overall plasma performances.
In the experiments shown only 2 sidebands are excluded from the control loop.
What affects the discharge is not the RWM growth, but the sudden increase of sideband induced error fields.0
0.4
0.8
1.2
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4
(1,2
2)
Br
Am
p [m
T]
Time [s]
M. Baruzzo – 14th IAE Workshop, Padova, April 26th-28th 2010
Reconfigured control on n=-4,-5,-6 m=1
Black: no control (n=-6 m=1 controlled from 0.1s)
Blue: control with 3x4 coils
Red: control with 8x1 coils
13
M. Baruzzo – 14th IAE Workshop, Padova, April 26th-28th 2010
Reconfigured control: limitations
red:control with 12x1 coils
Blue and black: m=1,n=-6 reference free growth until 0.1s
The mode moves towards a minimum of feedback action, and then grows.A good coil periodicity has to be chosen
14
M. Baruzzo – 14th IAE Workshop, Padova, April 26th-28th 2010
Conclusion
We are well aware that easy translations are not possible, however these experiments in our opinion suggest that:
1. Reduced control configurations can cope with multiple unstable RWMs;
2. Unavoidable sidebands production is a main concern and its relative importance grows with smaller coils;
3. Large amplitude sidebands can be generated in fast transients, these sidebands are very dangerous for the discharge;
4. The control is effective provided that the there are not periodicities in common with MHD instabilities to be controlled;
15
M. Baruzzo – 14th IAE Workshop, Padova, April 26th-28th 2010
Future work
1. Impact of sidebands will be quantitatively investigated
2. Future experiments could aim at the effect of different coil sizes (again possible by software): comparison for fixed % converage or fixed coil number
3. Similar experiments on RFX-mod in tokamak configuration have been proposed
4. Control using reduced set of measurements might be explored
5. Adimensional control parameters have to be identified, to bridge the magnetic control physics to future devices.
16
RFX-mod JT60-SA ITER
M. Baruzzo – 14th IAE Workshop, Padova, April 26th-28th 2010
Backup slides
17
M. Baruzzo – 14th IAE Workshop, Padova, April 26th-28th 2010
RWMs in RFX-mod
Multimode control in RFX-mod. Comparison between a fully controlled 1 MA discharge (full black line) and a 0.6 MA discharge where unstable RWM were not controlled (blue, dashed line).
The most unstable RWM is the m=1, n=-6 that terminate the discharge when its amplitude reaches almost 10 mT.
Note the different amplitude scale of the (1,-5) and (1,-4) that, for the given magnetic equilibrium, have a growth rate lower than the (1,-6).
0
0.3
0.6
0.9
1.2
Pla
sma
Cu
rre
nt
(MA
)
0
2.5
5
7.5
(1,-
6)
Am
p (m
T)
0
0.3
0.6
0.9
(1,-
5)
Am
p (m
T)
0
0.3
0.6
0.9
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35 0.4
(1,-
4)
Am
p (m
T)
Time (s)
18
M. Baruzzo – 14th IAE Workshop, Padova, April 26th-28th 2010
(Some) RWM control issues
1. What is the minimum number of active coils needed to stabilize RWMs? (or the minimum surface coverage; or the optimal coil distribution; or...)
2. Can the unstable mode deform itself when large portions of the plasma surface are left without active control?
3. What are the consequences of the different choices in terms of sideband generation?
4. How will these sidebands affect the plasma evolution?
5. How can we quantify the impact on the control system of possible fast transients in RWM amplitude?
19