14617088 Form 1 Science Chapter 4
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Transcript of 14617088 Form 1 Science Chapter 4
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Chapter 4
The variety of resources on Earth
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4.1 The Various Resources on Earth
Living natural resources
Plants
(fruits, oil, vegetables )
Non-living naturalresources
Water
Air
Soil
Animals
(milk, meat )
Minerals
Fossil fuels
Metals
Non-metal
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Nitrogen bulb
Oxygen is one of
the gases that webreathe in everydayfrom the air
Pure carbon dioxide gas canbe poured because it is
heavier than air
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Element, Compounds and Mixtures
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Element can be divided into :
Metals ( Logam)
All metal element in solidform but except formercury which exist in
Non- metals
(bukan logam )
Non-metal elements existin all state. Solid, liquidand gas at room
qu Example of metal
Calcium, copper, gold,lead, magnesium,
platinum, potassium,silver, sodium
empera ure Example of non-metal
Sulphur, carbon, bromine,oxygen, neon, hydrogen,
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Cobalt chloride indicatorMoist / Damp
( basah)
Colour : Pink
Dry
(kering)
Colour : Blue
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Gas tests
Hydrogen ()
What you will observe:
-Your light splint(Popsicle stick) will POPPOP
Oxygen ()
What you will observe:
-Your glowing splint will re-light
and go out.
Why does this happen:
-Hydrogen gas is veryflammable and in thepresence of heat or fire itwill explode at a certain
temperature.
What does that mean:-This happened because
Oxygen is part of the fire
triangle. The fire triangle iscomposed of three things:Fuel, Heat energy sourceand Oxygen.
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Mixture (campuran )
Brass
Iced miloPaint
Nasi lemak Ice kacang Sugar solution
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Example of variety type of mixture and its components
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Formation of compound
( sebatian)
In chemical reactions the chemical identities
of substances change. Here, a mixture ofhydrogen and oxygen undergoes achemical change to form water.
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The differences between compounds and mixture
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Separation of mixtures
To separate
insoluble solids(pepejal tak larut
Method : Filtration
( penurasan
)
the liquid in a solid-liquid mixtures
E.g. To separatewater and sand
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Separation of mixtures
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Distillation (penyulingan)To separate a solvent from a
liquid or solid-liquid mixture.Two types of processes totake place
(a) Boiling
liquid vapour/Gas
(b) Condensation
vapour Liquid
E.g. To separate water from
salt solution
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Using magnet
To separate substances
which are attracted to amagnet from other
-magnetic materials
E.g. To separate ironfilings and sulphur
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ExtractionTo separate liquid
substances that donot mix well andOil
densities.
E.g. To separate
oil from water
Water
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Chromatography Separates coloured components in a mixtures
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Sieving (penapisan) To separate mixture
of solid substanceswith different sizes.
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AIR ( udara)Oxygen :i. Breathing / cell respiration
(penafasan )ii. Combustion / burning
Carbon dioxide
(karbon dioksida ):i. To put out of fireii. Importance for photosynthesis
(fotosintesis)
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Soil and mineral
Soil is habitat
( tempat tinggal
) for many
Soil contains water andminerals which is vital for thegrowing of plants.
organisms ( bendahidup).
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Fossil fuel
To provide energy for,
and power stations togenerate electricity.
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Water Regulates body
temperature.
ontro s t econcentration ofblood ( mengawal
kepekatan darah).
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Living things As food, medicine, fibre, building materials
and so on.
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Conservation
Conservation of recourses
involves the intelligent use andcare of our resources
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Preservation The act of keeping the resources in their
original state.
Exam le :
i) Find alternative resources, such assolar energy to replace depletingresources such as petroleum)
ii) to prevent the extinction of flora andfauna.