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1400s – the Renaissance begins (rebirth)Began in Italy and spread throughout EuropeJohannes Gutenberg – printing press – books
printed faster
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The Travels of Marco Polo Shared stories of the voyages of Marco PoloWanted to buy and resell Asian goods (silk and
spices)Gunpowder and compass
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Prince Henry of PortugalOpened a school of navigationAimed to make better ships, maps, and tools
for navigationNew Technology
Caravel – kind of shipDrew better mapsImproved the compass and astrolabe
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Used Marco Polo’s book to learn about AsiaNever thought to travel across the Atlantic
Ocean to get to AsiaVikings
Leif Erickson – sailed west across the Atlantic, stopping in Greenland, Canada, and present-day Newfoundland
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Christopher ColumbusThought he could sail across the Atlantic to get
to AsiaRisks and Rewards
Explorers had to prove themselves. Had to prove the cost was worth it, despite risksHoped the benefit would be BIG
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His plan was risky.Portugal turned him down.King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella of Spain
Said, “No!” - due to pushing the Muslims out of Spain
Reconquista – either become Catholic or leave Spain
When this ended, they finally supported his plan to travel west.
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ColumbusSailed the Nina, Pinta, and Santa MariaOctober 12, 1492 – finally saw land
A Historic MeetingLanded in San Salvador (thought it was the
Indies)Met the Taino tribe
Collected gold items, animals, and plantsCaptured several Taino to bring back to Spain
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When Columbus and his men returned, they were heroes.
King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella were quite pleased.Sponsored a second expeditionHoped to find more riches, start settlements,
and convert people to the Catholic religion
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Navigation Tools
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Do Now Question:How did technology help improve navigation during the time of early exploration?
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DBQ 1 – How did the compass help sailors?
The compass helped sailors know in which direction they were traveling.
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DBQ 2 – How might the weather affect the use of the astrolabe?
Sailors could not use the astrolabe if the weather was bad and the sun or the stars were not visible.
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DBQ 3 – Why would explorers need more accurate maps?
More accurate maps would give explorers a clearer idea of where they were going and how far their journeys might be.
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DBQ 4 – Why would sailors need to keep track of the time?
Sailors would keep track of the time to know how much longer it should take to get to a certain place.
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Columbus’s trips inspired other European rulers to send ships west.
John Cabot Sets SailSent by England’s King Henry VII to help
compete with other European nations for land and wealth
Sailed west and found land – present-day Newfoundland and Labrador (parts of Canada)Same place the Vikings found 500 years earlier
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Amerigo VespucciDid not believe Columbus and Cabot found the IndiesSailed west and found land as he sailed down the
coast of South AmericaAmerigo Vespucci’s New Idea
Looked for signs that the land was Asia – did not match Marco Polo’s description
Thought - perhaps Earth was larger than they thoughtThe Naming of America
1507 – mapmaker made a new map and labeled the land of South America after Vespucci
North America was labeled later
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Vasco Nunez de BalboaSpanish explorer – first to settle in the
AmericasSettled in Hispaniola -> Columbia -> PanamaTraveled west across the Isthmus of Panama
(connects North and South America) and reached the Pacific Ocean
Proved Vespucci was right
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Ferdinand Magellan Portuguese explorerSailed around the tip of South America to the
Pacific Ocean Named the ocean Pacific – means peaceful - his
opinion of the water
Magellan’s Long VoyagePlanned to travel across the PacificDied in a battle in the PhilippinesOne ship made it back to Spain in 1522 – first
to sail around the world
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As more expeditions were organized, more lands were claimed.Same countries claimed certain lands
Catholic Church settled problem with an imaginary line
Spain got land to the west; Portugal got land to the east1494 – treaty moved the dividing line further west
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Many Spanish explorers sailed west.Dreamed of being rich, winning national glory,
and/or converting Native Americans to ChristianityJuan Ponce de Leon
Sailed with Columbus on a voyage and later discovered Puerto Rico
Heard of the land, Bimini, to the north of Puerto Rico
1513 – found present-day Florida1521 – set up Spanish settlement, but was defeated
by native tribeFirst Spanish explorer to set foot on present-day
U.S. soil
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Hernando CortesSent to find gold in land of the Aztecs (present-day Mexico)
The Fall of the AztecsAztecs believed a light-skinned god would
return to rule one day – The Aztec emperor believed Cortes was this god.
Cortes captured him and fighting began.Cortes and Spain won.Mexico City was built on Tenochtitlan – new
capital
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The Seven Cities of GoldNative American story – searched and a Spanish
priest, Marco de Niza claimed to see a city of goldCoronado in the Southwest
Francisco Vasquez de Coronado – searched for the cities of gold Went back to Mexico City without any gold, but did
claim lands in the present-day southwestern United States for Spain.
Lands in Florida, Mexico, and the southwestern United States became known as New Spain
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Pizarro and the IncasFrancisco Pizarro – Spanish conquistador who
searched the western coast of South America.Found the Incan empire and took control
De Soto in the SoutheastHernando de Soto – explored the southeastern U.S.
Landed in near Tampa Bay, Florida and travelled to land near the Mississippi River
Battled Native American tribes and many died including De Soto
More land claimed by Spain
Spain controlled much of the southern half of the U.S.
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The Church forced people to follow it rules, to pay taxes, had its own court, and punished those for breaking the laws.
Religious ReformsMartin Luther – started the Reformation –
challenged the ChurchLed to new churches including the Lutheran Church
Counter-Reformation – made some changes, but tried to keep power in the Catholic ChurchSpread ideas to new followers in the AmericasMissionaries – converted Native Americans despite
their efforts to hold onto Native American beliefs
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European nations still wanted to find a shortcut to Asia
Searching for a New RouteThought if you sailed to and around N.
America, it would be faster and easierThe first country to find it, gets control of the
important new trade route.Search lasted for hundreds of years
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The French in North AmericaGiovanni Verrazano – sailed from North Carolina,
along the Atlantic coast, and no further than NewfoundlandDid not find a passage
Jacques Cartier – During his three trips, he sailed to the mouth of the St. Lawrence River.Claimed the land around it for France including
present-day Montreal and Quebec
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Henry Hudson – English explorer who made 4 voyages in search of the Northwest PassageDuring his 3rd voyage, he explored a river in
present-day New York, named it after himself, and declared the land for the Dutch.
A Voyage Ends in MutinyLast voyage – searched the Hudson Bay and
claimed land around it for EnglandCrew rebelled and sent him and 8 others on a
boat – never seen or heard from again
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