14 systems concept
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Transcript of 14 systems concept
Systems
Carlos LoyolaTecSaltillo
Desarrollo Sustentable. Carlos Loyola. ITS. 2014
Desarrollo Sustentable. Carlos Loyola. ITS. 2014
Desarrollo Sustentable. Carlos Loyola. ITS. 2014
A system is a compound object, with its components related to at least another componentThey could be material or conceptual
All systems have a composition, structure and environment. Only the material systems have mechanisms
Only material systems have a figure or shape
All objects are systems or components of a system
Systems
Desarrollo Sustentable. Carlos Loyola. ITS. 2014
The following slides show the formation and evolution of our atmosphere.
During the teacher’s presentation, make a list of systems you see in the explanation. Then select one of the systems and describe its components.
Desarrollo Sustentable. Carlos Loyola. ITS. 2013
The origin of our universe
(ca. 13 000 million years ago)
Desarrollo Sustentable. Carlos Loyola. ITS. 2013
Chemical Elements Formation
Desarrollo Sustentable. Carlos Loyola. ITS. 2014
The process of nucleogenesis
(in the stars nuclei)
Desarrollo Sustentable. Carlos Loyola. ITS. 2013
The process of nucleogenesis
(in the stars nuclei)
Are they related ?
Earth’s crust consolidation, atmosphere formation
Desarrollo Sustentable. Carlos Loyola. ITS. 2013
Reducing nature of primitive atmosphere
Desarrollo Sustentable. Carlos Loyola. ITS. 2013
“Abiogenic” synthesis of
organic compounds in
Oparin’s experiment.
Life on Earth
http://www.complex-life.org/csf2011
Evolution of Living Beings
Source: Wikipedia
Reloj
Geologico
Interconnected species
http://earth.geology.yale.edu/~avf5/teaching/listGG602.html
Scientists believe the Earth has experienced several extreme glacial events, two of which took place during the Cryogenian
period, 710 million to 630 million years ago. In 1992 and 1998, scientists hypothesised that around 635 million years ago, the
Earth underwent a major glacial episode that left it entirely smothered in ice.
http://www.dailymail.co.uk/home/moslive/article-1288584/Ten-greatest-30-second-theories.html
http://www.livescience.com/16714-oxygen-breathing-life-chromium.html
The rock above is a 2.48 billion-year-old banded iron formation from Australia that
contains high concentrations of chromium, which scientists believe is evidence of a
pivotal change in the Earth's atmosphere: the arrival of oxygen. Credit: Courtesy of
Stefan Lalonde
The Great Oxidation Event
http://www.nature.com/scitable/knowledge/library/rock-water-microbes-underwater-sinkholes-in-lake-25851285
Figure 6
Simplified schematic timeline of photosynthesis and the oxygenation of the atmosphere and oceans
through Earth’s history. Atmospheric oxygen concentrations are shown as a percentage of modern levels
(from Lyons et al. 2009). GOE = Great Oxidation Event, ~2.4 bya. Although there is always uncertainty in
chemical and biological data from the early Earth, time periods for which this information is especially
uncertain are indicated with question marks. Three main phases are evident: (1) an early anoxic world in
which there was very low oxygen and was dominated by anoxygenic photosynthesis; (2) an intermediate
low-oxygen world in which significant contributions to photosynthesis were made by both oxygenic and
anoxygenic phototrophs, or perhaps by organisms that could do both, such as those from Middle Island
Sinkhole; and (3) the modern oxic world in which oxygenic photosynthesis predominates. Not until this later
stage did complex plants and animals evolve.
© 2012 Nature Education Courtesy of Biddanda et al. All rights reserved.
The “Oxydizing Event”Photosyntesis changed the atmosphere
Desarrollo Sustentable. Carlos Loyola. ITS. 2013
Earth’s crust chemical composition
Comp. Simb Vol
Oxygen O2 46.6%
Silicon Si 27.8%
Aluminum Al 8.1%
Iron Fe 5.0%
Calcium Ca 3.6%
Sodium Na 2.8%
Potassium K 2.6%
Magnesium Mg 2.0%
others 1.6%
mistupid.com/geology/earthcrust.htm
Gas NameChemical
Formula
Percent
Volume
Nitrogen N2 78.08%
Oxygen O2 20.95%
*Water H2O 0 to 4%
Argon Ar 0.93%
*Carbon
DioxideCO2 0.0360%
Neon Ne 0.0018%
Helium He 0.0005%
*Methane CH4 0.00017%
Hydrogen H2 0.00005%
*Nitrous
OxideN2O 0.00003%
*Ozone O3 0.000004%
Composición media de la
atmósfera a una altitud de 25 km
* Gases variables
Earth’s atmosphere chemical composition
Biogeochemical Cycles: Carbon