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Copyright 2007, , All rights reserved

Packers

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Copyright 2007, , All rights reserved 2

Packer What is it?

A Packer is a sub-surface tool used to provide a seal betweenthe Tubing and Casing (or wall) of a well , thus preventing themovement of fluids past this sealing point.

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Why Run a Packer?

Production Control

Well Testing

Equipment ProtectionWell repair and stimulation

Safety

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Why Run a Packer?It is required for Production Control!

In a Gaslift well

To keep casing pressure of the formation.

To facilitate kick-off.To prevent produced (abrasive?) fluids from passing throughthe Gaslift-Valves

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Why Run a Packer?

In multiple zone completions incompatibility of pressures from different zones separate production from different zones control of an individual layer for HGOR or High Water cut

In Steam Injection Wells to provide/maintain the annulus for heat loss control

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Why Run a Packer?It is required for Well Testing!

In Exploration Well Testing because of unknown properties of formation fluids and gasses

In Production Well Testing to locate entry point of water or gas (if PLT is not available)

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7/45Copyright 2007, , All rights reserved 7

Why Run a Packer?It is required for Protection of Equipment!

To protect the casing from corrosive fluids / gasses

To keep-off high formation pressures off the casing andwellhead

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Why Run a Packer?It is required for Well Repair & Stimulation!

Pressure testing of the Casing

Detection of a casing leak

To shut-off gas or water entryDuring squeeze cementation

During fracturing, to keep high pressures off the casing

During acidization as a diversion tooletc.

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Why Run a Packer?It is required for HSE reasons!

In Marine environment, to protect against the effects ofsurface hazards (collision)

To reduce the effects of wellhead leaks

To provide environmental protection from potential failures ofhigh pressure wells near populated areas

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Sealing element

Slips

Casing wall

Cone

Internal slips

Typical Packer

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Packers generic mechanism

Two actions must happen. First, a cone must be driven behind tapered slips to force the

slip out and into the casing wall. Second, a sealing element must be compressed to effect a

seal against the casing wall.

The two most important basic components are therefore theslips and sealing element.

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Packers - generic mechanism

Packer slips can be unidirectional or may be designed toresist force from either direction

Sealing elements may be one piece construction orcomposed of multiple elements of different degrees ofhardness

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Packers - Two main types and typical application

Permanent Packers production phase

Retrievable Packers production phase tool for: production / pressure testing

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Permanent Packers

Packer becomes an integral part of the CasingTubing ran in separatelyRetrieved by milling and picking

AdvantagesTubing can be pulled out leaving packer in holeTubing can be re-run and connected to the packerCheaper than Retrievable Packers

Disadvantagesdestructive removal (milling)milling > casing damage

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PERMANENTPACKER

Seal

Sealbore

Tubing connection

LOCATOR SEALASSEMBLY

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16/45Copyright 2007, , All rights reserved 16LOCATOR SEAL ANCHOR SEAL

LATCHSLEEVE

Seal Assemblies for Permanent Packers

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Application Seal Assemblies

Locator Seal: when expansion is required

Anchor Seal: to hang-off tubing in tension

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Permanent Packers Applications

High pressure and temperature

Exact location correlated by wireline (Casing Collar Locator)

Deeper setting depths

Trip times are faster, tubing run separately

Deviated and extended reach wells

Maximum dependabilityGravel pack packer - can hang off long screen-liner Assy.

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Method of Setting Permanent Packers

Setting: Electric wireline Hydraulic pressure

Retrieving milling

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Outer Sleevedrive downwards

Inner Bodypull upwards

Setting Permanent Packer

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Firing headattachedto packer

Packerinsidecasing

casing

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Retrievable Packers (1)

Run and set on tubing (or drill pipe in case of well repair)

Integral part of the tubing

Retrieved by pulling the tubing.

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Retrievable Packers Application

Retrievable packers preferred where:

Completion life is relatively short

Wellbore conditions are non-hostile e.g., temperature, pressure, H2S

Setting depth shallow to medium

Low to moderate differential pressures

Straight wellbore or moderate deviation

Multiple zones are to be produced

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Method of setting retrievable packers

Hydraulically Set typical application as a production packer

Mechanically set Typically used during well repair application: tool for pressure and production testing

Compression-set Tension-set Rotational-set (outdated)

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Copyright 2007, , All rights reserved 28SIMPLIFIED CROSS SECTION

hold-down buttons

Inner cylinder

Internal Slips

Cone

SlipsShear Pinsfor releaseShear pinsto drop Ball

Seal element

Hydr.-Set Retr. Packer

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Selection Considerations

Medium to high pressure

Single and dual completions

Deviated holes

Can be set after Tubing and Xmas tree has been installed

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Dual Packer Systems hydr. set retr. packer

Dual packer systems: generally require one dual

packer and one single(conventional) packer

allow production through twotubing strings from the samewellbore

enable production from

adjacent high and low pressurezones

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Method of SettingCompression-Set Packers

Setting Slip and Cone arrangement for setting Tubing weight is used to compress and expand the Sealing

Element cannot be unseated by downward force ( annular pressure

above packer or extra tubing weight Hence holds pressure differentials from above

Retrieving by simple up-pull on tubing

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Selection ConsiderationsCompression-set Packers

Straight and relatively shallow wells

to hold pressure differentials from above, (pressure testingcasing above packer)

to hold pressure from below, a hydraulic hold-down systemhas to be incorporated in the Packer Assembly

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Method of SettingTension-Set Packers

Setting by pulling tension in the Tubing

cannot be unseated by upward force

holds pressure differentials from belowRetrieving by simple slack-off on the tubing

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ConeSlips

Shear Pin

SIMPLIFIED CROSS SECTION

Mechanically Set Tension Packer

l d

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Selection ConsiderationsTension-set Packers

Straight and relatively shallow wells selected to hold pressuredifferentials from below, (pressure testing below packer I.e.casing and liner or to frac formation) pressure from below helps

to increase the setting force if dirt settles on top of slips canmake it unretrievable overpull may shear the release pin.

fl bl k

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Expandableseal

element

Pump-outball

Inflatable Packer

k

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Packers

NOT A REAL PACKER BUT

PBR (Polished Bore Receptacle) top of liner hanger in which a locator seal can seal.

TUBING ANCHOR anchors tubing to casing wall but does not seal

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P k hi h ?

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Packer which type?

Selection of one type in preference to another for a givenapplication should be based on : designing for those parameters critical to the successful

performance of this equipment in that completion select the packer which most economically satisfies the

conditions dictated by each individual situation.

P k S l i P

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Packer Selection Process

RETRIEVABLEPACKER SYSTEMReview: Hold-down method Equalization Setting method Positioning

Internal seals Landing conditions

Do unique conditions merituse of a special retrievable

packer or PBR?(Gravel packs)

(Multiple zones)(Steam wells)

(Liner completions)(Temporary completions)

(High deviations)(Fullbore access)

PERMANENT PACKERSYSTEMReview: Setting method Packer-tubing interface Elastomerspecifications Landing conditions Talipipe requirements

Are severe or hostileconditions expected?

( p>5000 psi and T > 300F)

(Axial Load > 50,000 lbs)(H2S > 10%)

Will workovers likelyinvolve packer removal

within 10 years or

fullbore access topay zone?

Do throughborerequirements preclude

use of standard

retrievable packers?

Is access to zone ofinterest limitedby buckled or

collapsed casing?

CONSIDER OPTIONS Roll or swage casing Sidetrack well Use short permanent packers Consider inflatable packers for

limited differentials

Could a PBR be used to providefullbore access to pay zone?

PBR COMPLETION SYSTEMReview Casing or liner Landing conditions Elastomer specs Nipple arrangements

Review options and QA/QC

programme to makesure that equipmentis suitable

Yes

Yes

YesYes

Yes

No

No

No

No

No

Yes

P k S l i G id

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Packer Selection Guide

production well aspects

PERMANENT PACKER

straightand

shallow

deviatedand deep

horizontal highPress. &

Temp.

multiplezones

shortlife

longlife

wire line set v v v vhydraulic set v v v v vRETRIEVABLE PACKERhydraulic set v v v v v vrotational set v v v vcompression set OPTION vtension set OPTION v

R i R i bl P k

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Running Retrievable Packers

Be careful not to swab in the well when pulling out packer

straight pull release packers may prematurely shear andrelease due to tubing contraction

pressure test may set packer

deposits may render packer non-retrievable

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