14. Last Days of Richard ii and Chaucer Art and Jewels of England
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Transcript of 14. Last Days of Richard ii and Chaucer Art and Jewels of England
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Swan Song to the 14th Century
Dunstable swan
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Wife of Bath &A Decidedly Unreligious Carol
AlisounFive husbands - Jankyn
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Kyrie Aleyson or Jolly Jankin
Kyrie, so kyrie,Jankin sings merrily,with Alison.
As I went on Christmas dayin our procession,I knew jolly Jankinby his merry voice.Kyrie eleison.
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Jankin began the Serviceon Christmas day,and yet it seems to me it does me goodso merrily he began to say,'Kyrie eleison'.
Jankin read the Epistlevery pleasingly and well,and yet it seems to me it does me goodas for ever I gain eternal reward,Kyrie eleison.
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Jankin at the Agnuscarries the pax-board:he winked but said nothing,and on my foot he trod,Kyrie eleison.
Let us bless the Lord,Christ shield me from shame,thanks be to God as well -alas! I am with child,Kyrie eleison.
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Pax Brede (pax board)
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Art of 14th Century EnglandInternational Gothic
Italian InfluencesPortraits
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International Gothic
• Disputed term• Characteristics ascribed– Stylized forms, refinement, prettiness, restrained
vitality, decorative fantasy, and sumptuous color• Combines Italian naturalism, Flemish realism
and French courtly art
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Giotto and Approach to Perspective
• Use of color to emphasize foreground and background
• Less realistic in depicting supernatural events
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Giottio St. Francis Trial by Fire, Bardi Chapel
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Giotto St. Francis Receiving the Stigmata Bardi Chapel
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Psalter of Robert de Lisle, 1310-20 Crucifixion Gorleston psalter
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St. Omer Psalter Last Judgment
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Egerton Genesis Feast of Jacob Giotto Last Supper Padua
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Egerton Genesis3rd Q., 14th C.Babel
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Egerton GenesisWeaving
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Scen
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Chap
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Byward Tower, Tower of London
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Richard II
• 1390s
‘he liked to sit ostentatiously from after dinner until vespers, talking to no one but watching everyone; and when his eye fell on anyone, regardless of rank, that person had to bend his knee towards the king ...'
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Wilton Diptych 1395-99Richard II presented to the Virgin and Child by St. John the Baptist,Saints Edward the Confessor and Edmund
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Orb on Banner
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Wilton diptych, side panels
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Richard II – Treasure Roll
• Compiled for Henry IV to list jewels and plate of Richard and his queens
• 1206 entries• 28 meters long• Includes many objects
taken in 1397
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Only surviving crown of 11 listed
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Richard in Wilton Diptych
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Image of St. Michael
• Painting of similar image to one given by Charles VI to Richard
• Version pawned by Charles to his brother-in-law and not returned
• Disappeared in 1801 during Napoleonic occupation of Bavaria
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Richard’s Courtiers
They were "knights of Venus rather than knights of Bellona, more valiant in the bedchamber than on the field of war, armed with words instead of weapons...” Walsingham
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On King Richard’s Ministers
Ther is a busch that is forgrowe;Crop hit welle, and hold hit lowe,Or elles hit wolle be wilde.
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Extravagances of Richard IIRoyal Palace at Sheen
1384 and 1388 • 2,000 painted tiles "for the King's bath,"
large bronze taps for hot and cold water, • Fireplaces and personal latrines in all rooms
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Personal dress and invention of Richard II
1388 Order for [A First]“small pieces of linen made to be given to the lord king for blowing and covering his nose.”
• Tunic of pearls, other precious stones and gold• "hanselyn" embroidered with leeches, water, and
rocks and embellished with fifteen whelks and fifteen mussels of silver gilt, and fifteen cockles of white silver. The doublet...was embroidered with gold orange trees...and adorned with 100 oranges of silver gilt, weighing 2 1b. 1/2 oz. Troy
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VideoThe Deposition of Richard II
Professor Jennifer PaxtonThe people, "by ancient statute and recent precedent,” had a remedy for royal wrongs.
Duke of Gloucester
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Impeachment of Michael de la Pole
• High crimes– Dereliction of duties– Loss of Ghent
• High misdemeanors– Obtaining benefits from office– Misappropriating funds
Not guilty because he did not bear sole responsibility
Guilty
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Letters of Henry
• Before capture of Richard – 21 Richard II
• After capture– 1399
• After receiving the crown– 1 Henry IV
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Conviction of Household Personnel
• 1388• Appellants accuse Brembre,
Pole, de Vere and Neville of treason
• Brembre found not guilty but then charged with concealment
• Chief Justice Tresilian dragged from Westminster Abbey and killed
Froissart Chronicles
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1387 Richard; Ten Questions
Supremacy of the monarch or of the law?9. How should the man be punished who had moved in the 1386 parliament to "send for the statute by which King Edward [II] . . . had been adjudged in parliament?" The justices answered that this man and the one
"who, under pretext of this motion, had brought that statute to parliament" should be punished "as traitors and criminals."
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Answers
• No minister could be impeached without the crown's agreement
• It was treasonous to limit the royal power. • Only the king could choose ministers• The King called and dissolved parliament at his
will and determined its business.
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Exeter and Salisbury meet HenryBritish Library Harley 1319
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Earl of Northumberland received by Richard at Conway
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Northumberland swearing an oath on the sacred host that Richard would remain king
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Richard II, disguised in a priest's cowl meets soldiers of the Earl of Northumberland at Conway
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Richard and Henry at Flint Castle
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Richard delivered to the citizens of London
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Henry before Parliament to claim the crown
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Accusations against Richard
• Distributing possessions of the Crown to unworthy persons
• Maintained a bodyguard of unruly and violent Cheshiremen and ‘surrounded the parliament with a great number of armed men and archers whom he had gathered there for the purpose of overawing the people
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Accusations against Richard
• Interference in local elections• Failure to respect property rights• Inconsistent behavior leading to loss of trust• Seeking papal approval for his actions• ‘He dissipated it [parliamentary grants
normally only given in time of war] prodigiously upon the ostentation, pomp and vainglory of his own person’
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Accusations against Richard
• Allowed accusations by the ‘young, strong and healthy’ against the ‘aged, impotent, lame or infirm’ to be brought before the Court of Chivalry where the only defense was by arms
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‘Chaucer’ Astrolabe
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Have a Merry Holiday