14-Jan-2013 Fanny Mlinarsky
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Transcript of 14-Jan-2013 Fanny Mlinarsky
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14-Jan-2013Fanny Mlinarsky
Introduction: Understanding the Different Flavors of IEEE
802.11
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Wireless for Miniaturized Consumer Electronics
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Outline• A brief history of 802.11 • 802.11 alphabet soup • Chipsets and reference designs• Emerging 802.11 technology
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Wire
less
cap
acity
/ th
roug
hput
1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
First cell phones
GSMCDMA
802.11a/b/g802.16e
LTE
Increasing throughput and capacityWCDMA/HSxPA2G2G
3G3G
4G4G
IEEE 802IEEE 802
Brief History of Wireless
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TACS AMPS NMT
IS-54IS-136
GPRS
AnalogAnalog
G = generation
LTE-A802.11n/ac
5G5GKey wireless technologies
2015
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OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing)
• OFDM is the most robust signaling scheme for a hostile wireless channel– Works well in the presence of multipath thanks to multi-tone signaling
and cyclic prefix (aka guard interval)• OFDM is used in all new wireless standards, including
– 802.11a, g and draft 802.11ac, ad– 802.16d,e; 802.22– DVB-T, DVB-H, DAB
• LTE is the first 3GPP standard to adopt OFDM
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Multiple orthogonal carriers
Frequency
Vol
tage
DVB = digital video broadcastingDVB-T = DVB terrestrialDVB-H = DVB handheldDAB = digital audio broadcastingLTE = long term evolutionOFDM = orthogonal frequency division multiplexing
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History of IEEE 802.11• 1989: FCC authorizes ISM bands (900
MHz, 2.4 GHz, 5 GHz)• 1990: IEEE begins work on 802.11• 1994: 2.4 GHz products ship• 1997: 802.11 standard approved• 1998: FCC authorizes UNII Band, (5 GHz)• 1999: 802.11a, b ratified• 2003: 802.11g ratified• 2006: 802.11n draft 2 certification by
the Wi-Fi Alliance begins• 2009: 802.11n certification 2013: 802.11ac (up to 6.9 Gbps) and
802.11ad (up to 6.8 Gbps)
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ISM = Industrial, Scientific and MedicalUNII = Unlicensed National Information Infrastructure
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Key Unlicensed Bands
FCC spectrum allocation charthttp://www.ntia.doc.gov/osmhome/allochrt.PDF
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4.9 GHz public safety5.9 DSRC (connected vehicle)
MHz
3.1 GHz 10.6 GHz
DSRC = direct short range communications
700 MHz White Spaces
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802.11 Channels in the 5GHz Band
140
136
132
128
124
120
116
112
108
104
100
165
161
157
153
149
6460565248444036IEEE channel #20 MHz40 MHz80 MHz
5170MHz
5330MHz
5490MHz
5710MHz
5735MHz
5835MHz
160 MHz
140
136
132
128
124
120
116
112
108
104
100
6460565248444036IEEE channel #20 MHz40 MHz80 MHz
5170MHz
5330MHz
5490MHz
5710MHz
160 MHz
US
Europe, Japan, Global
FCC just allowed channel 144, creating additional 20, 40 and 80 MHz channels in the
US
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IEEE 802.11a,b,g,n Data Rates
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SGI = short guard interval
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IEEE 802.11 Very High Throughput• The goal of the 802.11 VHT effort
is to achieve 1 Gbps throughput at nomadic (walking speeds) to support HD video transmission and high speed data applications and to satisfy the IMT-Advanced requirements
• TGac and TGad• TGac
Under 6 GHz (2.4 and 5 GHz bands)Up to 6.9 Gbps Higher order MIMO (> 4x4)8 spatial streamsMulti-user (MU) MIMO
• TGad60 GHz bandUp to 6.8 Gbps Capitalize on work already done by 802.15.3c in the 60 GHz bandBeamforming
VHT = very high throughput
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TGac – Next Generation Wi-Fi• Up to 6.9 Gbps of PHY
data rate (draft 0.1)• Higher order MIMO (>
4x4)• 8 spatial streams• Multi-user (MU) MIMO
– Up to 4 users; up to 4 streams per user
• Higher bandwidth channels (20, 40, 80, 80+80 and 160 MHz)
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MU-MIMOMultiple beamformed streams in the same channel
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802.11ad 60 GHz ChannelsChannel f c
(GHz)Country
1 58.32 US2 60.48 US, Japan, EU, Australia3 62.64 US, Japan, EU4 64.80 Japan, EU
EIRP: (40 dBm avg, 43 dBm peak in the US; 57 dBm in Europe, Japan and Australia
Channel 2 must be
supported
IEEE 802.11ad is the key standard; other specifications are: 802.15.3c, ECMA-387, WirelessHD
Channel spacing = 2160MHz
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Beamforming and Beam Steering• Beamforming is a feature
of 802.11ac and central to 802.11ad
• Optimizes the range by focusing the energy between transmitting and receiving nodes
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Source: www.youknowfunny.com/2010/11/wireless-technology.html
Sub 1 GHz Wi-Fi for Smart Grid
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IEEE 802.24 Smart Grid ECSG
ECSG = executive committee study groupSDO = standards defining organization
• Serves as a single point of contact for questions regarding the use of 802 standards in Smart Grid applications
• Covers wired and wireless 802 protocols
• Acts as a liaison with regulatory agencies, industry organizations, other SDOs, government agencies, IEEE societies
• Acts as a resource for understanding 802 standards for certification efforts by industry bodies.
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• http://www.iec.ch/smartgrid/
• http://summit.utc.org/
• http://collaborate.nist.gov/twiki-sggrid/bin/view/SmartGrid/PAP02Wireless?sortcol=1;table=9;up=0
• http://osgug.ucaiug.org/default.aspx
• http://www.ieee-pes.org/
PES = power energy societyOpenSG = open smart gridUTC = utilities telecom councilIEC = international electrotechnical commission
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Smart Metering at 915 MHz?• Lower frequency =
longer operating range• Internationally available
bands in the vicinity of 915 MHz supported by common radio chipsets
• Two emerging IEEE 802 wireless standards target this band for smart metering and industrial controls applications
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Region Unlicensed Band (MHz)
Europe 963-868.6Japan 915.9-928.1China 755-787Korea 917-923.5Singapore 920-925US 902-928
802.11ah802.15.4g
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802.11ah Sub 1 GHz License-exempt• More than 100 kbps with coverage
of up to 1 km; 600 kHz to 20 MHz channel bandwidth
• Smart grid – extremely large number of stations (6000 stations per AP)
• Environmental and agricultural monitoring – moderately large number of stations (200 per AP)
• Healthcare and building automation – dozens of stations
• Outdoor application for extended range Wi-Fi – common ground with 802.11af White Spaces amendment
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AP = access point
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802.11af – Database• Fixed TVBDs require
geolocation capability and Internet access to a database of protected radio services.
• An 802.11af AP can use the 2.4 GHz band to get to the database and find out the available TVB channels and then switch operation to TVB
• IETF PAWS group is developing the database standard
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Administrator 1 Administrator 2
Administrator 3DB 3
DB 2DB 1
Mode II Device
Mode I Device
GPS Satellite
Geolocation
Available channels Fixed
TVB = TV bandTVBD = TV band devicesDB = databaseIETF = internet engineering task forcePAWS = protocol to access white space
IETF PAWS
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Commonality 802.11ac/af/ah
• 802.11af/ah derive their specifications from 802.11ac• Operation of 11af and 11ah is under 1 GHz• Support for longer delay spread outdoor deployments
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802.11ac
802.11af 802.11ah Sub-1GHz (smart grid)UHF (TV band)
Very High Throughput (5 GHz)
Jan-2016Jun-2014
Feb-2014
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Intelligent Transportation Systems• Crash avoidance
– Emergency electronic brake light– Forward collision warning– Blind spot warning / lane change warning– Do not pass warning– Left turn assist
• Safety assist– Remote diagnosis (EV battery monitoring)– Stopped vehicle or pedestrian warning– Road condition warning
• Convenience– Toll collection– Charging station guidance / info for EV– Mobile commerce / mobile advertisement– Web browsing, File (video, audio)
downloading
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Do not pass
Good introduction here802.11p – 5.9 GHz
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802.11p DSRC• 802.11p is the PHY for ITS• DSRC is the method for
vehicle to vehicle and vehicle to road-side unit communications to support…– Public safety, collision
avoidance, traffic awareness and management, traveler information, toll booth payments
• Under regulation of DoT
DSRC = dedicated short range communicationsDoT = department of transportationITS = intelligent transportation systems
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IEEE 802.11 Active Task Groups• TGm – Maintenance • TGac – VHT below 6 GHz (very high throughput < 6 GHz)• TGad – VHT at 60 GHz• TGaf – TV Band operation• TGah – Operation in 900 MHz band• TGai – Fast initial link setup• TGaj – China Mili-Meter Wave• TGak – General Link• TGaq – Pre-Association Discovery • ARC SC – Architecture • REG SC – Regulatory • WNG SC – Wireless Next Generation
http://grouper.ieee.org/groups/802/11
TG = task groupSG = study groupSC = standing committee
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802.11 Past Task Groups TGma – Maintenance TGa – 5 GHz OFDM PHY TGb – 2.4 GHz 11 Mbps; DSSS PHY TGc – Bridging (part of 802.1) TGd – Additional regulatory domains TGe – Quality of Service TGf – Inter-AP protocol TGg – 2.4 GHz OFDM PHY TGh – Radar avoidance (DFS, TPC) TGi – Security TGk – Radio Resource
Measurements TGn – High Throughput; MIMO TGp – Vehicular ITS networks
TGr – Fast Roaming TGs – Mesh networking TGT – IEEE 802 Performance TGu – InterWorking with External
Networks TGv – Wireless network
management TGw – Protected Management
Frames TGy – 3650-3700 MHz Operation
in US TGz – Direct Link Setup TGaa – Robust streaming of AV
Transport Streams TGae – Prioritization of
management frames
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OFDM = orthogonal frequency division multiplexingDSSS = direct sequence spread spectrumITS = intelligent transportation systemsMIMO = multiple input multiple outputDFS = dynamic frequency selection TPC = transmit power control
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IEEE 802.11 Timeline
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1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
802.11-1997 IEEE Standard
802.11-1999 IEEE Standard
July 1997
April 1999 802.11-2007 IEEE Standard
TGk TGma
TGn TGp
TGr TGs
TGT TGu
TGv TGw TGy
TGa TGb TGb-cor1
TGc TGd TGe
TGF TGg
TGh TGi
TGj
Part of 802.1
withdrawn
June 2007
TGmb
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IEEE 802.11 Timeline (continued)
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
TGah
TGadTGac
TGaeTGaf
TGaa
TGs Tgu TGv
TGz
TGp
802.11-2012 Mar 29, 2012
TGmb
TGai
TGm
http://grouper.ieee.org/groups/802/11/Reports/802.11_Timelines.htm
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802.11-2007802.11k-2008802.11r-2008802.11y-2008802.11w-2009802.11n-2009802.11p-2010802.11z-2010802.11v-2011802.11u-2011
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802.11 Emerging Specifications
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AmendmentSpecification
Transmissionrate
11ac
11ad
11af
11ah
11ai
Communicationrange
Expected completionUser
velocity
Dec/13
Oct/12 Done
Jun/14
Jan/16
Up to 5 km
802.11n/ac rates scaled to channel
Up to6.8 Gbps
Fast initialization (target 100 ms)
Up to 6.9 Gbps
10 m at 1 Gbps
> 100 kbps 1 km
Mar/14
Overview
Target: + 200 km/h
High Throughputw/ wider channelsHigh Throughputin 60 GHz band
Wi-Fi on TV White Space
Sub 1 GHz
Wi-Fi for mobile
11aqSelect AP that provides needed services ?
Pre-association Discovery
http://grouper.ieee.org/groups/802/11/Reports/802.11_Timelines.htm
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Future Additional Allocation of 5 GHz SpectrumNew FCC initiative
•Sec. 6406. UNLICENSED USE IN THE 5 GHZ BAND
– Allows unlicensed U–NII devices to operate in the 5350–5470 MHz band
– Adds 120 MHz for use by 802.11a/n/ac devices operating in the 5 GHz band
– Later to allow operation in the 5850–5925 MHz band, an additional 75 MHz
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802.11a and 802.11n channels in the 5 GHz
bandchan # center
(MHz)36 518040 520044 522048 524052 526056 528060 530064 5320
100 5500104 5520108 5540112 5560116 5580120 5600124 5620128 5640132 5660136 5680140 5700149 5745153 5765157 5785161 5805
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Summary of 802.11• High level of investment and focus• Most advanced technology
– First with OFDM and MIMO– Widest channels (80 and 160 MHz wide)
• Technology is spreading beyond LAN into MAN (802.11ah/af), NAN (smart grid),WAN (carrier networks) and PAN
• Greatest economies of scale bringing low cost of devices
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LAN = local area networkingMAN = metropolitan area networkingPAN = personal area networkingNAN = neighborhood area networks
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Next Session• Part II: MIMO or SISO? Wireless
Design Considerations and Trade-offs• Tuesday, January 15th 2013• 12 pm EST
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