139374477 Kmy Cemerlang English Module

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PMR ENGLISH MODULE 2012 (GUIDED WRITING) (SECTION A, PAPER 2) PREPARED BY : SELVARANI SINNAPPAN LIM CHENG IMM ESTHER ANGELINA WEE SRI HARYANTY BINTI KAMAR M. NAGASUNDARY SHARULIZA BINTI SAAD

Transcript of 139374477 Kmy Cemerlang English Module

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PMR ENGLISH MODULE 2012

(GUIDED WRITING)(SECTION A, PAPER 2)

PREPARED BY :SELVARANI SINNAPPAN

LIM CHENG IMM

ESTHER ANGELINA WEE

SRI HARYANTY BINTI KAMAR

M. NAGASUNDARY

SHARULIZA BINTI SAAD

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PPD KMY - ENGLISH MODULE 2012 – PMR – CEMERLANG – GUIDED WRITING

PMR English Language Module 2012 - Guided Writing

(Section A, Paper 2) is aimed at:

Students preparing for the PMR English examination.

Teachers who are preparing students for the PMR examination.

NO CONTENT PAGE1 What Is An Excellent Composition? 2

2 Analysis of PMR Guided Writing Questions 3

3 ENRICH YOUR WORD POWER Enrichment Vocabulary- Exercises Idiomatic Expressions Phrasal Verb Answers

4 - 15

4 SENTENCE PATTERNS Simple Sentences Compound Sentences Complex Sentences Exercises and Answers

16 - 44

5 GUIDED WRITING General Guidelines Format

45 - 48

6 Speeches and Talks Giving Opinions Articles Story/Recount Reports Letter Writing

49 - 5758 - 6768 - 7778 - 8384 - 8889 - 99

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Ideas are well-developed and supported

Interesting

Precise and interesting vocabulary

Accurate grammarAccurate spelling andpunctuation

Varied sentence structure

PPD KMY - ENGLISH MODULE 2012 – PMR – CEMERLANG – GUIDED WRITING

WHAT IS AN EXCELLENT COMPOSITION?

Well organised

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Analysis of PMR Guided Writing Questions

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YEAR SECTION A

2002 Informal Letter

2003 Giving opinion

2004 Speech

2005 Report based on pictures

2006 Informal Letter based on notes given

2007 Story based on pictures

2008 Speech based on poster about safety in school

2009 An Article – A visit to old folks’ home

2010 Story based on pictures

2011 Giving Opinion

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ENRICHMENT VOCABULARY FOR PMR

No. Word SYNONYMS

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1. a lot of c_un_less sc_r_s of a_und_nce a_pl_ n_me_ous2. afraid s_ar_d fri_hte_ed te_ _ified h_rri_ied in_imi_ated3. angry a_no_ed i_rita_ed f_min_ in_uria_ed in_en_ed4. bad t_rribl_ di_ast_ous h_rrend_us horr_bl_ dr_ _dful5. beat st_ike h_mm_r t_u_p th_as_ p_un_6. beautiful go_geo_s s_unn_ng str_kin_ att_acti_e l_vel_7. big g_ea_ la_g_ h_ge en_rm_us ma_mot_8. clever in_ellig_nt s_ar_ kno_ledge_ble sh_ _p wi_e9. cruel mali_io_s spi_ef_l v_ndi_tive r_thl_ss me_ci_ess10. excited t_ril_ed an_ma_ed sp_ri_ed enth_siasti_ d_nami_11. expensive lu_uri_us cla_ _y e_clu_ive co_tl_ p_ic_y12. fake pa_t_ ar_ifici_l i_itati_n f_rge_ sh_m13. fast sp_ _dy ra_id s_ift e_pr_ss _a_ty14. fat ov_rwei_ht o_es_ c_ubb_ s_ou_ p_rtl_15. fierce vi_le_t fe_oci_us b_uta_ vi_iou_ f_ri_us16. force c_mp_l im_os_ o_lig_ _ri_e _ons_rain17. full j_m-p_cked c_am_ed te_min_ sw_rmi_g con_es_ed18. fun enjo_me_t a_use_ent ha_ _iness ent_rtain_ent me_ _iment19. happy bli_ _ful e_hilar_ted j_y_us d_ligh_ed th_ill_d20. hardworking me_icul_us r_liabl_ dili_en_ th_ro_gh i_dus_rious21. hate de_pi_e de_es_ lo_th_ r_sen_ s_or_22. honest tr_thf_l c_nd_d re_ia_le vir_uo_s si_cer_23. important si_nifica_t v_t_l e_sent_al c_uc_al i_pera_ive24. interesting attr_cti_e m_tiv_ting a_ _ealing fa_ci_ating re_ar_able25. juicy su_ _ulent lu_ _ious thir_tqu_nchin

gm_ist t_nd_r

26. kind c_rin_ sym_atheti_ t_ought_ul com_assio_ate

con_idera_e

27. lazy in_ol_nt le_har_ic sl_gg_sh sl_thf_l li_ _less28. love a_mi_e f_scina_ed f_nd of I_olis_ a_or_29. modern c_ntem_orary c_rr_nt fa_hion_able _ren_y chi_30. nice bea_uti_ful w_nder_ul ma_nifi_ent lo_el_ fa_ta_tic31. loud n_i_y ear_pl_tting p_er_ing r_uco_s dea_e_ing32. open u_loc_ un_ast_n re_ea_e u_ti_ _nwra-p33. poor un_ortu_ate under_rivi_eged pi_ia_le de_ti_ute po_erty-stric_en34. real gen_in_ a_then_ic p_re b_nafi_e o_igi_al35. rich wea_th_ pro_pe_ous aff_uen_ l_ade_ _ell-of_36. run sp_in_ sc_m_er dar_ da_h sc_rr_37. sad di_hear_ened un_ap_y d_pr_ssed de_ola_e dis_ress_d38. scared fri_hte_ed t_rrif_ed fea_fu_ pe_rifie_ an_io_s39. serious s_le_n st_r_ s_be_ h_mour_ess gr_v_40. slow slu_ _ish unhu_ _ied le_ _urely da_dlin_ lin_erin_41. small ti_y mi_ut_ li_ _le me_gr_ pe_it_42. soon almost

im_edia_elyqui_ _ly sho_ _ly pres_ _tly mo_enta_ily

43. strange pe_uli_r bi_arr_ ou_lan_ish e_ _entric w_ird44. stupid f_ _lish idi_ _ic a_su_d i_noran_ n_nsen_ical45. talk con_er_e go_ _ip cha_ _er ra_ _er ut_er

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46. tasty deli_ious ap_eti_ing sc_ump_ious s_mptu_us de_ecta_le47. thankful gr_te_ul app_ecia_ive p_ease_ g_atif_ed in_ebte_48. thin sli_ ski_ _y lan_y le_n g_ngly49. ugly de_or_ed hid_ _us gr_es_me gh_stl_ ho_ _ible50. walk sa_nte_ st_ol_ a_bl_ to_dl_ tot_ er

Activity 1

Complete the mind map below with ten words that describe emotions.

happy

EMOTIONS

ACTIVITY 2

List ten words to describe taste

e.g. sweet

1 ......................................... 6 ...........................

2 ........................................ 7 ...........................

3 ........................................ 8 ............................

4 ........................................ 9 ............................

5 ........................................ 10 .............................

Activity 3

List ten words to describe the picture

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1………………………………………..

2………………………………………..

3………………………………………..

4………………………………………..

5………………………………………..

6………………………………………..

7………………………………………..

8………………………………………..

9………………………………………..

10………………………………………..

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Activity 4

List eight words to describe a person.

IDENTIFYING MEANINGS OF WORDS

IDIOMATIC EXPRESSIONS AND PHRASAL VERBS : Notes

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1………………………………………..

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4………………………………………

5………………………………………..

6………………………………………..

7………………………………………..

8………………………………………..

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NO. IDIOMATIC EXPRESSIONS MEANINGS TRANSLATION IN MALAY

1. A bookworm One who likes to read Ulatbuku/sukamembaca

2. A close shave A narrow escape Nyaris-nyaris

3. A white elephant Useless possession Sesuatu yang tidakberguna

4. Around the corner Coming soon Semakin hamper

5. At the eleventh hour At the last minute Saat-saatakhir

6. A white lie A harmless lie that is more polite than true

terpaksaberbohonguntukkebaikan

7. Bad blood Feeling of strong dislike Sangattidaksuka

8. Bark up the wrong tree Get wrong ideas Salah tanggapan/salahanggap

9. Bear in mind Remember Ingat!

10. Beat around the bush Talk indirectly about something

Berkias

11. Black sheep Person who is an embarrassment

Orang yang memalukan

12. Blow one’s trumpet To boast Membanggadiri

13. Burn the midnight oil Study until late at night Belajarhinggalarutmalam

14. By hook or by crook By all means Sedayamungkin/seboleh-bolehnya

15. Caught red handed Caught in the act Tertangkap

16. Count me in Include me Sayaturutserta

17. Don’t lose heart Don’t be discouraged Janganmengalah

18. Down to earth Humble/Honest Merendahdiri

19. Drive me up the wall Make me very angry Membuatsayamarah

20. Drop a line write Tulis

21. Easier said than done Easier to talk about an idea than carry it out

Senangbercakapsusahnakbuat

22. Eye catching Attractive Menarik

23. Flying colours Good grades Gred/keputusan yang baik

24. Getting on my nerves Making me Membuatsayameluat/terganggu

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annoyed/irritated

25. Have green fingers Good at gardening Berbakatdalambercucuktanam

26. I am all ears I am listening Sayamendengar

27. In a twinkling of an eye Very quickly Sangatcepat

28. In high spirits Happy Gembira/bersemangat

29. In hot water In trouble Dalamkeadaanbermasalah

30. Keep an eye Look after Perhatikan

31. Keep your word Keep your promise Menepatijanji

32. Lend a hand Help Tolong

33. Let the cat out of the bag Let a secret out Pecahrahsia

34. Not kidding Not joking Tidakbergurau/serius

35. Not my cup of tea Not to my liking Sayatidaksuka

36. Once in a blue moon Seldom Kadang-kadang

37. Out of the blue Unexpectedly Tidakdijangka

38. Practice makes perfect You will be good if you do it often

Selaluberlatihakanmenjadikansayalebihbaik

39. Put your mind to it Concentrate Menumpukanperhatian

40. Raining cats and dogs Raining heavily Hujanlebat

41. The early bird catches the worm

Those who are early will benefit

Mereka yang awalakanmendapatkeuntungan

42. Throw in the towel Give up Mengalah

43. To be in the same boat To be in the same circumstances

Keadaan yang sama

44. To believe your ears To believe what you hear Percayaapa yang andadengar

45. To face the music To take the punishment or scolding

Bersediauntukdimarahi

46. To keep one’s fingers crossed To hope for the best Mengharap yang terbaik

47. To live from hand to mouth To live in hardship Hidupdalamkesusahan

48. To paint the town red To enjoy oneself Bergembira

49. To sit on the fence To take no sides in a Tidakberpihakkepadamana-

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debate/ a quarrel manabahagian

50. Took to heart Be upset by Sangatsedih

51. Turn over a new leaf To change for the better Berubahkearahlebihbaik

52. Under the weather Slightly ill Tidaksihat

53. Where there’s a will, there’s a way

When you are determined, you will succeed

Kalaubersungguh-sungguhpasti Berjaya

54. Work wonders Achieve very good results

Mencapaikejayaancemerlang

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NO PHRASAL VERBS MEANINGS TRANSLATION IN MALAY

1 Ages ago Long ago Lama dahulu

2 Break/Broke down Stop/Stopped because of a fault Rosak

3 Break/Broke into Enter/Entered by force Masuksecarapaksa

4 Bring in Earn a profit Membawakeuntungan

5 Call on Visit Melawat

6 Carry on Continue Teruskan

7 Come across Find by chance Terjumpa

8 Crash into Hit Langgar

9 Cut down Reduce Kurangkan

10 Deal with Handle Menguruskan

11 Drop in Make a visit Singgah/melawat

12 Get along with Be friendly with Serasi

13 Get over Recover Sembuh

14 Get ready Hurry Bersedia

15 Get through Pass Berjaya/lulus

16 Give up Stop trying Mengalah/berhentimencuba

17 Hold/Held up Delay/Delayed Tertangguh/tertunda

18 Look after Take care of Menjaga

19 Look forward Expect with pleasure Ternanti-nanti

20 Look into Investigate Menyiasat

21 Look out Be careful awas

22 Look out Look for/ Search Mencari

23 Look up to Respect Menghormati

24 Make up Compensate Menebussemula

25 Map out Plan Merancang

26 On and off Sometimes Kadang-kadang

27 Passed away Died Meninggaldunia

28 Put in To spend time or energy/contribute Menyumbang

29 Put off Postponed Menangguhkan

30 Rely on Depend on Bergantungkepada

31 Round up Gather Kumpulkan

32 Run into Meet Berjumpa/terserempak

33 Running out Lacking Kehabisan

34 Set Off Start the journey Bertolak

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EXAMPLES

PHRASAL VERB MEANING

FIGURATIVE EXPRESSION MEANING

Back out withdraw time and again many times

Drop by visit the in thing in fashion

Go for attack newly picked fresh

Hold on wait make sense have a meaning

Move up promote take French leave absent without permission

bring up raise steal the show attract all attention

given in surrender a wet blanket discouraging person

let down disappoint a close shave a narrow escape

pick out choose completely at sea puzzled / tertanya-tanya

speak for represent with a high hand arrogance / sombong

take after resemble / look alike keep a ball rolling keep things going

comes along is available a bird's eye view a very good view

sleep on it take a long time to think bosom friend good friend

shut down close to turn tail run away

back away move backwards apple pie order perfect order

freak out panic blow own trumpet boast / cakapbesar

turn to ask for help put an end stop

broke out started keep an eye look after

brush out discuss in a daze confuse state / celaru

pass on die once in a blue moon rarely / jarang-jarang

check in register rain cats and dogs very heavy rain

take away remove the blink of an eye quickly

go ahead go first an old hand expert/have done it many

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times

chew on forget it given the sack dismiss from job / dipecat

put away keep caught red handed caught in the act of

talk back scold hold your horses be patient / bersabar

step up improve forth night 2 weeks / 2 fortnight

cough up givenever judge a book by its cover

don't judge by the way it looks.

call off cancel give you a yell shout at you

work out exercise forty winks a nap / tidursekejap

let down disappointed had my hands full Busy

cough up block sick to death fed up

put on showed round the corner nearby / sangatdekat

put off postpone burn a hole in the pocket cost a lot / habisduit

tied up busy two cents worth opinion/ pendapat

ANSWERS

ENRICHMENT VOCABULARY FOR PMR

No.

Word SYNONYMS

1. a lot of countless scores of abundance ample numerous2. afraid scared Frightened terrified horrified intimidated3. angry annoyed Irritated fuming infuriated incensed4. bad terrible Disastrous horrendous horrible dreadful5. beat strike Hammer thump thrash pound6. beautiful gorgeous Stunning striking attractive lovely7. big great Large huge enormous mammoth8. clever intelligent Smart knowledgea

blesharp wise

9. cruel malicious Spiteful vindictive ruthless merciless10. excited thrilled Animated spirited enthusiastic dynamic11. expensive luxurious classy exclusive costly pricey12. fake paste artificial imitation forged sham13. fast speedy rapid swift express hasty

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14. fat overweight obese chubby stout portly15. fierce violent ferocious brutal vicious furious16. force compel impose oblige drive constrain17. full jam-packed crammed teeming swarming congested18. fun enjoyment amusement happiness entertainmen

tmerriment

19. happy blissful exhilarated joyous delighted thrilled20. hardworkin

gmeticulous reliable diligent thorough industrious

21. hate despise detest loathe resent scorn22. honest truthful candid reliable virtuous sincere23. important significant vital essential crucial imperative24. interesting attractive motivating appealing fascinating remarkable25. juicy succulent luscious thirst

quenchingmoist tender

26. kind caring sympathetic thoughtful compassionate

considerate

27. lazy indolent lethargic sluggish slothful listless28. love admire fascinated fond of idolise adore29. modern contemporar

ycurrent fashionable trendy chic

30. nice beautiful wonderful magnificent lovely fantastic31. loud noisy earsplitting piercing raucous deafening32. open unlock unfasten release untie unwrap33. poor unfortunate underprivileged pitiable destitute poverty-

stricken34. real genuine authentic pure bona fide original35. rich wealthy prosperous affluent loaded well-off36. run sprint scamper dart dash scurry37. sad disheartened unhappy depressed desolate distressed38. scared frightened terrified fearful petrified anxious39. serious solemn stern sober humourless grave40. slow sluggish unhurried leisurely dawdling lingering41. small tiny minute little meager petite42. soon almost

immediatelyquickly shortly presently momentaril

y43. strange peculiar bizarre outlandish eccentric weird44. stupid foolish idiotic absurd ignorant nonsensical45. talk converse gossip chatter ratter utter46. tasty delicious appetising scrumptious sumptuous delectable47. thankful grateful appreciative pleased gratified indebted48. thin slim skinny lanky lean gangly49. ugly deformed hideous gruesome ghastly horrible50. walk saunter stroll amble toddle totter

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SENTENCE PATTERN

When writing an essay, you must try to vary your sentences. If your sentences have no variation, then your writing will be monotonous. You must learn to spice up your writing by using a mixture of sentences such as Simple, Compound and Complex sentences.

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

1. A simple Sentence has one subject and one predicate.2. A simple Sentence contains one independent clause and no subordinate clauses.3. A simple sentence may have a compound subject, a compound verb, or both.

Examples:

Jamesworks as a teacher.

Subject Predicate (one independent clause)

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Simple Sentence

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Serena sells postcards.

Subject verb

Serena and Shirleybuy and sell postcards.

Subjects verbs

Exercise: Circle each subject and underline each verb in the following sentences.

Example: smiled sweetly and motioned the guests inside.

1. Carmen and her aunt skated at the pond after school.

2. The boy and his mother took a train to Kuala Lumpur.

3. The pattern of every snowflake is unique.

4. Ted and Mark boarded a ferry to Langkawi Island last week.

5. Jeff did badly in the examination.

6. I read the draft of the paper and did a thorough revision.

7. Emily Dickinson published very few poems in her lifetime.

8. Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune have rings.

9. I enjoy watching football.

10. We congratulated Rosa on her achievement.

11. My favourite snack is a sandwich and milk.

12. Karen and Erica trained hard and won the singing competition.

13. This month’s school newspaper includes a list of new books in the library.

14. He sat down and looked out onto the peaks below.

15. The gale blew on and off for another 48 hours.

16. My friend Julie and I had spent a day in Monte Carlo.

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Claudia

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17. Malaysia’s Marine locations are its lifeline.

18. Pollution has seriously degraded Penang’s beaches and seas.

19. Organic food is gradually becoming more popular.

20. The businessman is very rich and kind.

21. We waste energy in our daily activities.

22. The report describes the advantages of solar power.

23. Many environmentalists and scientists oppose nuclear power.

24. Many people have already turned to renewable energy sources

25. Glass roofs and skylights should be carefully designed.

EXERCISE 2 Write ten simple sentences based on the picture below

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.

(Hint for teachers -Give your students some spelling or vocabulary words to make sentences with) 1) _______________________________________________________________________

2) _______________________________________________________________________

3) ______________________________________________________________________

4) ______________________________________________________________________

5) ______________________________________________________________________

6) _______________________________________________________________________

7) _______________________________________________________________________

8) _______________________________________________________________________

9) _______________________________________________________________________

10) ______________________________________________________________________

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Compound Sentence

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A compound sentence is a sentence with 2 simple sentences joined by a conjunction eg : ( and, but, for, nor, or, so, yet).

Examples:

1. My brother does the dishes and takes out the trash.2. The boy entered the room but he did not see Mr. Jonathan.3. I was tired so I went to sleep.

Exercise: Rewrite each of the following pairs of simple sentences as one compound sentence.

Example: Ants are small. They are powerful. (but) Ants are small but powerful.

1. We can go to a movie. We can watch a videotape at home. (or)

__________________________________________________________________

2. Sally wrote a poem about her mother. She did not show it to her. (but)

__________________________________________________________________

3. Dark clouds gathered above the paddy field. Rain fell steadily. (and)

____________________________________________________________________

4. The talk show host was silly. His show had a large audience. (but)

_____________________________________________________________________

5. Some students played in the field. Other students went to the library.(but)

_____________________________________________________________________

6. Last night the house felt chilly. I drank not tea and curled up with a book. (so)

_____________________________________________________________________

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7. Suddenly, Bobbie ran to the window. We wondered what she saw. (and)

_____________________________________________________________________

8. You can wait for me at the entrance. You can go in and find us a seat. (or)

_____________________________________________________________________

9. Ipoh is the capital city of the State of Perak. It lies in the valley of the Kinta River.

(and)

_____________________________________________________________________

10. Fossil fuels are non-renewable. We need to find alternative energy sources. (so)

_______________________________________________________________________

11. Many scientists have hailed nuclear power as a cheap source of electricity.

Environmentalists have stressed its danger.(but)

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

12. She did her homework earlier. She watched her favourite TV programme. (so)

_____________________________________________________________________

13. We decided to stay at home. It rained heavily. (as)

_____________________________________________________________________

14. My sister slept earlier. My mother could do her house chores. (so)

_____________________________________________________________________

15. Jane was saddened by the news. She managed to fight back the tears. (but)

_____________________________________________________________________

Compound Sentences

EXERCISE 2

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Based on the same picture in EXERCISE 1, write 10 compound sentences.

1) ________________________________________________________________________

2) ________________________________________________________________________

3) ________________________________________________________________________

4) ________________________________________________________________________

5) ________________________________________________________________________

6) ________________________________________________________________________

7) ________________________________________________________________________

8) ________________________________________________________________________

9) ________________________________________________________________________

10) ______________________________________________________________________

A complex sentence is a sentence or phrase joined by one or more simple sentences.A complex sentence always has a connector such as since, because, after, although or when or a relative pronoun such as who, which, that.

Examples 1. because Mary and Samantha arrived at the bus station before noon 2. while he waited at the train station 3. after they left on the bus

Below are some of the most common connectors and relative pronouns used:afteralthoughasbecausebeforeeven though ifsincethough

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Complex Sentence

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unlessuntilwhenwheneverwhereaswhereverwhile

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Exercise: Combine the two sentences by using the word in brackets so that they become a complex sentence.

1. The careless girl forgot to pay for her food. She was called by the canteen operator. (who)

_____________________________________________________________________

2. The Scouts took the wrong road. They managed to find their way home. (who)

_____________________________________________________________________

3. The debate team became the champion. The teacher was happy. (when)

_____________________________________________________________________

4. She thinks this is the spot. Her mother was snatched. (where)

_____________________________________________________________________

5. Loreal borrowed five storybooks. They were books about animals. (which)

_____________________________________________________________________

6. We decided to have lunch at the food court. There are many types of food served. (where)

_____________________________________________________________________

7. My grandmother is 79 years old. I gave her a beautiful pendent. (whom)

_____________________________________________________________________

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EXERCISE 2

Based on the same picture, convert your original ten simple sentences into complex sentences.

1) _____________________________________________________________________

2) ____________________________________________________________________

3) ___________________________________________________________________

4) ___________________________________________________________________

5) ___________________________________________________________________

6) ____________________________________________________________________

7) ____________________________________________________________________

8) ____________________________________________________________________

9) ___________________________________________________________________

10) __________________________________________________________________

Exercise 3 :Combine the following sentences into complex sentences to write a story about Jared.Write in one paragraph.

His name is JaredHe's a basketball player.

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He has a large house in Kuala Lumpur.The house is beautiful.He often travels around Malaysia.He plays away games in different cities Malaysia.He travels by airplane.He usually sleeps on the plane.He stays up late after games.He is an excellent scorer.Fans love his abilities.Coaches love his abilities.Every week he plays a home game.The game is played in Glover Stadium.The game is usually sold out.Glover Stadium is old.Glover Stadium doesn't have enough seats for all the fans.The fans wait in line to buy tickets.The fans often pay more than RM60 for a ticket.The fans are unhappy about the ticket prices.The fans love Jared.

Exercise 4Now write using the three types of sentences you have learned.

Step 1:First, construct sentences for the points given below using simple sentences.

Based on the short notes given, write an article on Effects of Pollution for your school magazine.

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EFFECTS:Air pollutionlung and heart diseasesfog and hazebad for eyestoxic gases blacken building

CONTROL:

Control of pollution needs cooperation ofgovernmentpublicindividual

Water Pollutionunsafe for swimmingsea creatures and plants dieoil spillsreduce food supply

Noise pollutionhearing affecteddamage to ear

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When writing the article:

1. you may use all the notes given

2. elaborate on the given notes to make it more interesting

3. make sure it is not less than 120 words

1. Pollution today is getting from bad to worse. 2. There is air, water and noise pollution3. The environment is becoming a dirty and an unhealthy place to be in.4.5.6.7.8.9.

10.11.12.13.14.15.16.17.18.19.20.

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EFFECTS:Air pollutionlung and heart diseasesfog and hazebad for eyestoxic gases blacken building

CONTROL:

Control of pollution needs cooperation ofgovernmentpublicindividual

Water Pollutionunsafe for swimmingsea creatures and plants dieoil spillsreduce food supply

Noise pollutionhearing affecteddamage to ear

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21.22.23.24.25.

Step 2: Combine the sentences

1. Pollution today is getting from bad to worse. 2. There is air, water and noise pollution. 3. The environment is becoming a dirty and an unhealthy place

to be in.

Introduction:

Use simple sentences

4. Air pollution has bad effects on our health. 5. It makes us sick and unhealthy. 6. City people are exposed to the dirty air. 7. They often suffer from lung and heart diseases. 8. The polluted air is bad for the lungs and chest. 9. Pollution causes fog and haze.10. They are bad for the eyes. 11. The toxic gases from vehicles on the road and factories

blacken buildings. 12. They do damage to the concrete and walls.

First paragraph:Effect : Air pollution

combine sentences:No 4 and 5 using ‘for’(compound)

No 5, and No 6 using ‘who’ and No 7 using because(complex)

No. 9 and No. 10 using ‘which’ (complex)

No. 11 and No 12 using ‘and’

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(compound)

13. Polluted water is unsafe.14. It is unsafe for swimming. 15. It causes the water to be dirty.

Second paragraph:

Effect : Water pollution

combine sentences:

No 13 and No. 14.Begin with No 13 with ‘when’ (complex)

16 One can suffer from skin diseases and eye and ear irritation.17 Sea creatures and plants die after oil spills. 18 The oil may take years to clean up. 19 Thus, they reduce the available seafood supply

combine with No 15 using ‘as’ (compound)

combine with No 16 ‘which’ (complex)

No 17 and No 18 using ‘as’ (compound)

No 19 –simple sentence .Begin sentence with ‘Thus’

20 In addition, noise pollution does damage to the ears. 2I It causes hearing problems. 22 The damage can be permanent.

Third paragraph:

Effect: Noise pollution

Combine sentences:

No 20 and No 21 using ‘and’ (compound) and No 23 ‘using ‘which’

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(complex)

23 There are many practical ways to help protect the environment.

24 Each of us can do our parts.25 The fight against pollution requires cooperation of the

government public and all individuals. 26 It is everybody’s responsibility.

Conclusion:

Combine sentences:No 23 and No 24 using ‘in which’(complex)No 25 and No26using ‘as’. (compound)

Step 3:Write the Article in paragraph

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Based on the pictures and notes given, write a letter to your friend. Use the various sentence patterns that you have learnt. Use the clues given.

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1. How are you? 2. How is your family?3. I hope you are fine.

Greeting :

Use simple or compound sentences

4. I was looking forward to visiting you.5. My mother is now very sick.6. She is down with viral fever.7. She has been admitted to the hospital.8. She was admitted last Tuesday.9. The doctor will discharge her soon.10. She is out of danger11. She is still weak.12. She need plenty of rest.

Paragraph 1Combine sentences :No 4 and No 5 using ‘but’ (compound)No 6 and No 7 using ‘and’ and No 8 using ‘since’ (compound and complex)

No 9 and No 10 using ‘as’ (complex)

No 11 and 12 using ‘and’(compound)

13. I won’t be able to visit you.14. We made wonderful plans.15. I need to help my family take care of my mother.16. She is recuperating.17. I don’t know how much I can help.18. I cannot leave when she is so weak.19. I would be very worried.20. I come to you house now.

Paragraph 2Combine sentences :

No 14 and 15 using ‘but’ and 16 using ‘while’No 17 and 18 using ‘but’No 19 and No 20 using ‘if’

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21. I will visit you once she is better.22. We cannot spend a whole moth together.23 We can still have a few days of fun.

Paragraph 3Combine sentences:22 and 23 using ‘even though’

24. Have a good time.25 Give my regards to your family

EndingUse any suitable sentences

Exercise 5Based on the pictures and notes, write out your story.

Remember to varied your structures and use some good words and phrases to spice up your writing.To assist you, answer the questions given below.

.

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Answer the following questions to help you expand your composition

1. What time of the day was it?2. How was the morning like?3. What did you see and feel that morning?4. How was the road? Was it busy?

5. Who did you see that morning?6. What was the girl doing?7. Did she take notice of you?8. What was your opinion of the girl?

9. What incident unfolded that morning?10. How did the girl react to the incident?11. How did you react to the incident?12. What happen to the girl after that?13. What did you do to help the girl?14. Why was the girl crying?

15. Where did the two of you go?16. What did you tell the police officer?17. What did the police officer say to the girl?18. What happen to Salina after that?

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19. Where did you go after the report?20. Who did you meet in the class?21. How did your teacher react to your story?

22. How did you feel after the incident?23. Did you learn anything from the incident?

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Answers:

Exercise: Circle each subject and underline each verb in the following sentences.

Example: smiled sweetly and motioned the guests inside.

1. Carmen and her aunt skated at the pond after school.

2. The boy and his mothertook a train to Kuala Lumpur.

3. The pattern of every snowflake is unique.

4. Ted and Mark boarded a ferry to Langkawi Island last week.

5. Jeff did badly in the examination.

6. I read the draft of the paper and did a thorough revision.

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Claudia

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7. Emily Dickinson published very few poems in her lifetime.

8. Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune have rings.

9. I enjoy football.

10. We congratulated Rosa on her achievement.

11. My favourite snack is a sandwich and milk.

12. Karen and Erica trained hard and won the singing competition.

13. This month’sschool newspaper includes a list of new books in the library.

14. He sat down and looked out onto the peaks below.

15. The gale blew on and off for another 48 hours.

16. My friend Julie and I had spent a day in Monte Carlo.

17. Malaysia’s Marine locations are its lifeline.

18. Pollution has seriously degraded Penang’s beaches and seas.

19. Organic food is gradually becoming more popular.

20. The businessman is very rich and kind.

21. We waste energy in our daily activities.

22. The report describes the advantages of solar power.

23. Many environmentalists and scientists oppose nuclear power.

24. Many people have already turned to renewable energy sources

25. Glass roofs and skylights should be carefully designed.

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Exercise: Rewrite each of the following pairs of simple sentences as one compound sentence.

Example: Ants are small. They are powerful. (but) Ants are small but powerful.

1. We can go to a movie. We can watch a videotape at home. (or)

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We can go to a movie or watch a videotape at home. (or)

2. Sally wrote a poem about her mother. She did not show it to her. (but)

Sally wrote a poem about her mother but she did not show it to her.

3. Dark clouds gathered above the paddy field. Rain fell steadily. (and)

Dark clouds gathered above the paddy field and rain fell steadily

4. The talk show host was silly. His show had a large audience. (but)

The talk show host was silly but had a large audience

5. Some students played in the field. Other students went to the library.(but)

Some students played in the field but other students went to the library

6. Last night the house felt chilly. I drank not tea and curled up with a book. (so)

Last night the house felt chilly so I drank not tea and curled up with a book. (so)

7. Suddenly, Bobbie ran to the window. We wondered what she saw. (and)

Suddenly, Bobbie ran to the window and we wondered what she saw.

8. You can wait for me at the entrance. You can go in and find us a seat. (or)

You can wait for me at the entrance or go in and find us a seat.

9. Ipoh is the capital city of the State of Perak. It lies in the valley of the Kinta River. (and)

Ipoh is the capital city of the State of Perak and it lies in the valley of the Kinta River

10. Fossil fuels are non-renewable. We need to find alternative energy sources. (so)

Fossil fuels are non-renewable so we need to find alternative energy source.

11. Many scientists have hailed nuclear power as a cheap source of electricity.

Environmentalists have stressed its danger.(but)

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Many scientists have hailed nuclear power as a cheap source of electricity but

environmentalists have stressed its danger.

12. She did her homework earlier. She watched her favourite TV programme. (so)

She did her homework earlier so she could watch her favourite TV programme.

13. We decided to stay at home. It rained heavily. (as)

We decided to stay at home as it rained heavily.

14. My sister slept earlier. My mother could do her house chores. (so)

My sister slept earlier so my mother could do her house chores.

15. Jane was saddened by the news. She managed to fight back the tears. (but)

Jane was saddened by the news but she managed to fight back the tears.

Exercise: Combine the two sentences by using the word in brackets so that they become a complex sentence.

1. The careless girl forgot to pay for her food. She was called by the canteen operator. (who)

The careless girl who forgot to pay for her food was called by the canteen operator.

2. The Scouts took the wrong road. They managed to find their way home. (who)

The Scouts who took the wrong road managed to find their way home.

3. The debate team became the champion. The teacher was happy. (when)

When the debate team became the champion, the teacher was happy.

4. She thinks this is the spot. Her mother’s handbag was snatched. (where)

She thinks this is the spot where her mother’s handbag was snatched.

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5. Loreal borrowed five storybooks. They were books about animals. (which)

Loreal borrowed five storybooks which were about animals.

6. We decided to have lunch at the food court. There are many types of food served. (where)

We decided to have lunch at the food court where many types of food are served.

7. My grandmother is 79 years old. I gave her a beautiful pendent. (whom)

My grandmother whom I gave a beautiful pendent is 79 years old.

Answer for a paragraph on Jared:

Jared is a famous basketball player. He lives in a big and beautiful house in Kuala Lumpur.

He often flies around Malaysia to play away games. Both fans and coaches love his excellent

scoring abilities. Every week he plays home games in Glover Stadium which is usually sold

out. Glover Stadium is an old stadium without enough seats for all the fans. Fans wait in line

to buy the tickets which often cost more than RM60. Even though the fans are unhappy about

ticket prices, they lovedJared.

Complex Sentence - Possible Paragraph

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Jared is a famous basketball player who lives in a beautiful house in Kuala Lumpur. He often

flies to different cities around Malaysia to play away games. His excellent scoring skill is

loved by both fans and coaches. Old Glover Stadium doesn't have enough seats for the fans

who want to come to home games. Even though they are unhappy about ticket prices, they

wait in line and pay more than RM60 to see Jared play.

Answers: Essay ‘Effects of Pollutions”

1. Pollution today is getting from bad to worse. 2. There is air, water and noise pollution. 3. The environment is becoming a dirty and an unhealthy place to be in.4. Air pollution has bad effects on our health. 5. It makes us sick and unhealthy. 6. City people are exposed to the dirty air. 7. They often suffer from lung and heart diseases. 8. The polluted air is bad for the lungs and chest. 9. Pollution causes fog and haze.10. They are bad for the eyes. 11. The toxic gases from vehicles on the road and factories blacken buildings. 12. They do damage to the concrete and walls.13. Polluted water is unsafe for swimming. 14. It causes the water to be dirty. 15. One can suffer from skin diseases and eye and ear irritation.16. Sea creatures and plants die after oil spills.

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17. The oil may take years to be cleaned up. 18. Thus, they reduce the availability of seafood supply.19. In addition, noise pollution does damage to the ears. 20. It causes hearing problems. 21. The damage can be permanent.22. There are many practical ways to help protect the environment. 23. Each of us can do our parts.24. The fight against pollution requires cooperation of the government, public and all

individuals. 25. It is everybody’s responsibility.

Possible answer for the essay on “Effects of Pollutions”

Pollution today is getting from bad to worse. There is air, water and noise pollution. The environment is becoming a dirty and an unhealthy place to be in.

Air pollution has bad effects on our healthfor it makes us sick and unhealthy. City people who are exposed to the dirty air often suffer from lung and heart diseases because the polluted air is bad for the lungs and chest. Pollution causes fog and haze which is bad for the eyes. The toxic gases from vehicles on the road and factories blacken buildings and do damage to the concrete and walls.

When water is polluted, it is unsafe for swimming, as the water is dirty. Swimming in polluted water can make us suffer from skin diseases and eye and ear irritationSea creatures and plants die after oil spills as the oil may take years to be cleaned up. Thus, they reduce the available seafood supply.

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In addition, noise pollution does damage to the ears and causes hearing problemswhich can be permanent.

There are many practical ways in which each of us can do to help protect the environment The fight against pollution requires cooperation of the government public and all individual as it is everybody’s responsibility.

Possible answer for picture composition:

It was nearing 7 on the morning of 23 January. The gentle breeze was brushingagainst my

skin. January is my favourite month because it will always be a breezy day and the coldness

reminds me of being somewhere at overseas. It was still early, so not many people were

flocking the road, except for a few early birds. The route I often use to school is only busy

when the time hit 8.00 am. That is the time working class rushes to their destinations.

As I was walking, enjoying the unpolluted scenery in the morning, I saw a girl walking

slowly in front of me. She was drowned in her own world, oblivious to her surroundings. I

tried to get hold of her attention by coughing, sneezing and God knows what else, but still

she was not bothered. I wasn’t sure whether she was playing deaf or she was really

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engrossed in her own thoughts. Anyway, I did not bother and chose to ignore her by

transfixing in my own thoughts.

Suddenly, a motorcyclist scrambled right in front of me headed towards the girl, without any

warning, snatched the girl’s sling bag. His speedy action sent the girl spinning in shocks. It

took her a few moments to realise what had actually occurred. She screamed her lungs out,

’’Help!!! Snatch thief!” I rushed to her aids; unfortunately, the snatch thief was faster than I

was. Before I could reach her, he had sped away with her sling bag. All I could do was

gasped in disbeliefand showed my sympathetic face to the then crying girl. She was

trembling like a leaf and all she could do was cried. After ensuring that she was not hurt, I

calmed her down by asking her to sit on the pavement. Then she explained that her bag

contained important things – money, Identification card and her exam slip. She was very

upset that she kept on mumbling what she was going to do. So I suggested that she reported

to the police and I would accompany her. It was then she managed to compose herself and

whispered her thanks in between her sobbing.

We reached the police station and reported what had happened to the police officer on duty.

The girl could not give any description of the snatch thief as she was attacked from behind.

So I volunteered to help her by giving a vivid account of this morning incident. The officer

recorded everything down but could not promise the girl, whose name was Salina that her

sling bag would be found that easily. However, he assured her that she could get her new

identification card very soon. Before we left the police station, the officer praised me for

being a Good Samaritan. Salina’s parents fetched her from the police station and I

continued my journey to school.

It was 9 am by the time I reached my class. The disciplined teacher, Mr Anson, stood

akimbo and stared at me. Obviously he was waiting for my excuse. I went straight towards

him and apologised for being late by telling him about this morning fateful incident. He

believed me and said I was a brave boy. However, he reminded me not to play hero in such a

dangerous incident in the near future. I promised him I would not.

It was indeed a memorable day for me and perhaps. We all learned a lesson to two here.

Firstly, never walk alone when we are having something important with us. Secondly, never

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hold on to our bag facing the road. We must be alert and conscious of our surrounding after

all, you never know what awaits you.

GUIDED WRITING

General Guidelines for GUIDED WRITING

[25 marks -- 40 minutes]

1. Always read the question carefully and highlight what you need to do (task). Check the tone/pronoun needed.

2. Use the 40 minutes wisely: Use 5 minutes to plan your essay and organise your thoughts (what to write, how to elaborate on the points given). Then, use 30 minutes to write and 5 minutes to edit.

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3. Remember to use all the points given. Cross out the points you have used so that not a single point is left out.

4. Remember to give relevant details or elaborate the points given. Use wH- questions to help you develop your points.

5. Vary your sentence structures so that your essay is not dull and monotonous.

6. Try to include an introduction (may copy from the question and check if you need to change the pronoun) and a conclusion.

7. Also, make sure your paragraphs are well-organised.

8. Read through your written piece and edit it.

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FORMAT OF A SPEECH/TALK

Good morning to the principal, teachers and fellow students. I am honoured to be given this opportunity to talk on 'Healthy Lifestyle'.…..................................................................................................................................….......................................................................

…....................................................................................................................................…...................................................................................................................................…............................................

Thank you.

FORMAT OF AN INFORMAL LETTER

66, Lrg. 8,Legend Park,08000 Sungai Petani,Kedah.22 SEPT 20012.

Dear Yuna,…....................................................................................….....................................................................................…..................................................................

Yours sincerely,

Siti

FORMAT OF A REPORT

A VISIT TO AN ORPHNAGE

At 8.30 a.m., 40 students and.............................................................................…...........................................................................................................................................................….......................................................................................................................................................Reported by

Christy

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Secretary of the Civics Club

FORMAT OF AN ARTICLE

Healthy Lifestyle

Which is more important? ….........................................…................................................................ ............................................. .............................................................…......................................................... ...............................................................

Written by,

Erica

FORMAT OF A DIALOGUE

Example: Interview

A reporter interviewed Justin at the school canteen.

Reporter: …...........................

Justin : …............................

Reporter: …..........................

Justin : …............................

FORMAT OF A NEWSPAPER REPORT

FLASH FLOOD IN SUNGAI PETANI

SUNGAI PETANI: …........................................................................................

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…..................................................................................................................

…................................................................................................................

FORMAT OF A STORY

It was raining heavily. …......................................................................................

…........................................................................................................................................

….......................................................................................................................................

FORMAT OF A RECOUNT

As I was walking home,.........................................................................................

….......................................................................................................................................

…........................................................................................

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General guidelines

Some tips for writing out speech

• A speech is an informal or formal talk that you give to an audience

• You give speeches to

- welcome people

- thank people

- say farewell to somebody

- congratulate someone

- introduce someone at a function

- talk about a topic at a formal gathering

• In a formal speech, you need to address your audience in a correct manner

for example‘Good morning to the Principal, teachers, fellow students and friends…’

• State the objective of your speech in the introductory paragraph

• Organize your ideas clearly

• Provide examples to give a clearer picture of what you are talking about.

• You normally use the present tense in a speech.

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SPEECHES AND TALKS

QUESTION 1

As the president of the Health Club, you have been asked to give a talk entitled “Leading a Healthy Lifestyle’’ during the school assembly. Use the notes given below to write your speech.

• practise healthy eating habits• consume less oily food – fast food• cut down on sugary and salty food• eat more vegetables and fruits• exercise regularly – have a hobby• get enough sleep• do not drink or smoke – serious

health problems

• P1• P2• P3• P4• P5• P6• P7

When writing the speech:• use the correct format

• you may use all the points provided

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• provide reasons to support your answer

• make sure it is not less than 120 words

A very good morning to the principal, teacher and fellow friends. It is an honour to give a speech on this glorious morning and I would like to thank the school for this opportunity. Today, I am here to give a speech on the topic “Leading a Healthy Lifestyle”.

I am very sure that all of you have heard the saying “Health is better than wealth”. Yes, it is true. Without good health, one cannot enjoy all the good things in life. So, dear friends, it is very important to lead a healthy lifestyle.

Firstly, our health depends greatly on the type of food we consume. We should practise healthy eating habits. Healthy eating is a way of balancing the food we eat to keep our body strong, energised and well-nourished. We should eat a wide variety of nutritious foods which include carbohydrates, proteins, vitamins and minerals.

We should limit the consumption of oily food. Foods which are very oily such as French fries, burgers and fried chicken have saturated fat. These may lead to weight gain and obesity. Therefore, it is best to reduce the intake of fatty food.

Apart from that, avoid taking too much of sugary and saltyfood. Consuming too much of these foods will give rise to serious health problems such as diabetes, stroke and heart related problems.

Instead, we should eat plenty of fruits and vegetables. These provide essential nutrients to our body and help to build up our immune system. Having a good immune system means that we are protected against germs and viruses that cause diseases.

Regular exercise will keep our body trim and fit. Exercising for at least 20 minutes a day, three times a week will help burn extra calories. These days, a student’s life is very hectic with loads of assignments, homework and examinations. Having a hobby will help us to unwind.

We should also get enough sleep because lack of sleep may disrupt hormones. We must at least sleep for eight hours each day. If we

Greet the audience(compound)State the objective of your speech

Further Explanation(simple , compound)

P1 and elaboration(complex)

(complex) P2 and elaboration(complex)

(compound) P3 and elaboration(complex)

P4 and elaboration(complex)

(compound) P5 and elaboration

(complex) P6 and

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do not, we will feel tired and lethargic.

Lastly, avoid smoking and drinking and stay away from drugs. They affect a person’s health in many serious ways. Smoking can lead to lung cancer and many other diseases.

Let me end by saying take care of your health. Lead a healthy lifestyle. It is vital that the youths of our country be physically and mentally healthy. Thank you.

elaboration

P7 and Elaboration(compound)

Conclusion - thank the audience

QUESTION 2

Your school has launched a campaign to encourage reading habits among students. As the president of the English Language Society, you have been asked to give a speech during assembly on the benefits of reading. Using the mind map below, write out your speech.

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improves one’s command of

language

improves one’s command of

language

improves our creativity

improves our creativity

increases one’s knowledge

increases one’s knowledge

provides relaxation and entertainment

provides relaxation and entertainment

The benefits of reading

The benefits of reading

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When writing the speech:• use the correct format

• you may use all the points provided

• provide reasons to support your answer

• make sure it is not less than 120 words

GreetingsIntroduction

Benefit 1 –Increasesvocabulary

Benefit 2-ImprovesLanguage

Benefit 3 -Provides relaxation

Benefit 4 –Improves creativity

Conclusion

A very good morning to the principal, teacher and fellow friends. I am honoured to be asked to give a speech entitled “The Benefits of Reading”.

“Reading maketh a man”. I am sure you have all heard of this saying. Reading has a host of benefits. A person who reads knows a lot of things. He will have the knowledge of current affairs and is also aware of what is happening locally and abroad. Reading books expands our knowledge, introduces us to new ideas and may even improve our writing skills.

Reading improves our command of a language. It enriches and improves our vocabulary. With an improved vocabulary, we will be able to express ourselves better and communicate more confidently with others.

Another of the many benefits of reading is that it helps us to rest and relax. It is a cure for boredom. A person who reads does not feel bored or lonely. Reading helps take our mind off our problems and reduces stress. Thus, making us healthier.

Reading improves a person’s creativity. It opens our mind to new possibilities. By reading more books and gaining more information, we will be able to come up with more creative ideas.

Friends, give a thought to the joys and benefits of reading. Start reading today and you will never regret it. Thank you.

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QUESTION 3

The pictures below show the various locations in the school where safety should be emphasised. As the Head Prefect, you have been asked to give a speech during the school assembly about “Safety Measures in School”.

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When writing the speech:• you may use all the notes provided

• elaborate on the given notes to make it more interesting

• add any other relevant information

• make sure it is not less than 120 words

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Step 1 - Question analysis

Keywords precaution – accident - equipment – rules – care

Questionrequirement

Describe the safety measures for each picture, highlighting some things to look out for

Step 2 – Creating the outline

Introduction Accidents occur – careless – do not follow rules

BodyPoint 1

Living Skills Room – equipment and tools –use tools carefully – obey rules and instructions

Point 2 Staircase – walk in single file -rush and push – walk slowly

Point 3 Science laboratory – careful during experiments – chemicals – observe rules strictly

Point 4 School canteen – queue up to buy food - spill hot soup, hot drink

Conclusion Take care of one’s safety - safer school environment

Good morning to the principal, teachers and dear friends. This morning it is my pleasure to speak to all of you on the topic “Safety Measures in School”. Accidents may occur in schools because we are careless and when we do not follow the rules.

One important area is the Living Skills Workshop. Safety is particularly important here because we have to use utensils and tools which could be

Introduction

Point 1

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dangerous if misused. Sometimes, students become very playful and forget themselves when they work together. However, if we obey the rules and follow the instructions of our teachers, such accidents can be avoided.

Accidents often happen when students do not use the staircases wisely. When you use the staircase, please walk up and down slowly and in a single file. Avoid pushing one another. Remember, any fall on the staircase can be fatal.

The science laboratory is another place where observing safety measures is absolutely necessary. Students have to be careful during experiments. Handle chemicals and lab equipments with great care and caution. You must observe all safety rules strictly.

Accidents also occur in the school canteen. Queue up when you buy food. Be careful with your bowl of hot soup or hot drink and watch out for other students while handling hot food.

Let us work together to take care of our safety and to create a safer school environment for all of us. Thank you.

Point 2

Point 3

Point 4

Conclusion

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GIVING OPINIONS

For this type of composition, you are required to give your opinion or your viewpoint on a

certain topic, and state the reasons for your opinion.

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Guidelines

1) Take note of what is required in the question.

2) This type of composition requires you to state whether you agree or disagree with the

topic or issue given.

3) You have to take a stand to agree with one or the other person’s opinion. State your

opinion in the introduction paragraph. Make sure you are specific and clear when you

state your opinion.

4) Once you have decided on whose opinion you support, prepare an outline for your

composition by jotting down what you wish to say.

5) Start the composition with a straightforward statement (I agree with…)

6) You may firstly use the points mentioned (based on the details given in the question)

by elaborating them.

7) Then add in and elaborate your own ideas to support your stand and to explain why

you disagree with what was said. Give solid reasons, facts and evidence to support

them.

8) Some ways to state your opinion:

• I agree with…

• In my opinion…

• I strongly feel/believe that…

• I am in favour of …

• Personally, I think that…

• I disagree with…

9) Make sure to be specific and clear when stating your opinion.

10) In conclusion, stress on your opinion again to be more emphasized.

11) When writing your composition, use clear, direct and persuasive language.

12) Arguments are normally written using the present tense.

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GIVING OPINIONS

Question 1

Read the dialogue between the Leela and Rizal. Who do you agree with? Use the dialogue below to write the composition. Provide reasons to support your answer.

Rizal

Leela

Rizal

Leela

When writing your composition, you may• use all the notes given• elaborate on the given notes to make it more interesting• add any relevant information• make sure it is not less than 120 words

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I think group study is a waste of time. You can easily get distracted

I disagree with you. I have a good study group. They support me and push me to achieve better results.

I have been to study group where members come unprepared and in the end, we ended up gossiping and playing with each other.

I think you just have to choose your members carefully. Study group members can help each other solve problems which you may be afraid to ask in school.

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I disagree with Rizal when he says that a group study is a waste of time because it can be helpful when you are preparing for a major examination. There also several other benefits of study group.

The most important benefit of study group is it can help to motivate you when you are feeling down. Members of the group will encourage and spur you when you do not feel like studying.

I also agree with Leela that you need to choose your studygroup members carefully. You should choose members who are motivated to do well and dependable. They must also be tolerant of the ideas presented by others and they should generally be able to work with each other. A study group can end up being a social group and this would be detrimental to your studies. Thus you should choose study group members carefully.

Apart from that, a study group also helps to make studying enjoyable and interesting. It can be boring when you study alone. You can ask questions and have your problems solved. Someone in your group is likely to know something that you do not know. When you teach or explain to other people, it will help you reinforce what you have learnt.

Furthermore, you may become more committed to study because the group members are depending on your presentation and participation. You will not want to let them down.

Therefore I am of the opinion that group study is definitelybeneficial. You just need to be selective and choose you group study members carefully and stay committed to the group.

Take a stand in the first paragraph. State your opinion.

Use and elaborate points mentioned in the dialogue.

Add relevant information to make you explanation interesting

Use the points mentioned in the dialogue

Give other relevant reasons

Conclusion : state your opinion again with emphasis.

(Adapted and modified from Writing Guide for PMR, ArahPendidikan 2008)

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QUESTION 2

Read the dialogue between two students. Who do you agree with? Provide reasons to support our answer. Add other interesting and relevant information of your own.

Hamid : I totally agree with the government’s decision to abolish examinations. Examinations are a waste of time. Ali : I disagree with you. Without examination, how will students’ performance and ability be assessed?Hamid : I am sure there will be other ways to assess them. Students can be assessed according to coursework or project work.Ali : I feel that without examinations, students will not study hard and they will waste their time fooling around.Hamid : Examinations are stressful. Students just come to school to pass examinations. They do not learn other skills.Ali : Examination tension is not always bad. It prepares students to face challenges in the future. Hamid : Coursework or project work teaches teamwork and discipline. Students also learn communicative skills. These will help make them all-rounded.

When writing your composition, you should:

• state your point clearly

• elaborate on the given notes to make it more interesting

• add relevant information

• make sure it is not less than 120 words

No Given points WH Question1 The importance of examination Why is it important?

How do students benefit from it?2 Coursework not a suitable Why is coursework not an effective

tool?What are the disadvantages of coursework?

3 Students will waste time What will they do?

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4 Prepares students for the future Why is exam stress good?What can schools do?

Life today has become so complex that examinations have come to play an important part in one’s educational career. Examinations are so important that most students are afraid of them. Examinations should be welcomed rather than feared. Therefore, I agree with Ali that examinations are necessary.

Without examinations, how are we going to assess the students? Examination is intended to assess students’ progress. A carefully planned- out examination gives reliable evidence of students’ abilities and achievements. It compels students to study hard and to take necessary actions to overcome their weaknesses.

We cannot totally depend on coursework as students can easily get help from family members or others to do the assignment. Furthermore, coursework is also limited in scope and it does not show the student’s ability on the whole. With the availability of the Internet, nothing can stop the students from plagiarizing his work. We should also not forget that coursework itself is also a form of stress.

Without examinations, students will not take school seriously. They will not take school seriously. They will not study hard and will waste their time. They may while away their time by indulging in unbeneficial activities.

There is no denying that examinations cause stress. Examination stress is good in the sense that it prepares students to face challenges in the future. Schools should teach stress management skills to help them cope with stress as pressure only increases at the university and in the workplace and we must teach students to perform well in these conditions rather than protect them

In short, examinations are necessary. Examinations not only assess students’ progress but also help prepare and equip them well to face life’s challenges. So, I feel examinations play an important part in students’ lives.

P1

P2

P3

P4

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Question 3

Your class is a having a class discussion on the importance of games. Your teacher has asked you to give your opinion on this. You believe that games should be made compulsory for students. Write your opinion using the notes given below.

* have a healthy body and mind

* develop the spirit of co-operation

* work as team

* form of relaxation

When writing your essay:

• you may use all the phrases provided

• provide reasons for your answer

• add any interesting information

• make sure it is not less than 120 words

Content point

P1 agree that games should be made compulsory

P2 have a healthy body and mind

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P3 develop teamwork and co-operation

P4 form of relaxation

P5 learn to cope with pressure

Giving an opinion P1and making a stand

Giving reasons P2

Adding further information

To show contrast

P3Adding relevant information

P4 Adding further information to make the argument stronger

P5

Concluding an argument

Personally, I am of the opinion that, playing games is a great way to stay fit and healthy. This is very important as most teenagers lack physical exercise as they do not do not indulge in sports. Therefore, games should be made compulsory for school students. In the first place to be healthy, a person must exercise regularly. A person who plays games will have a healthy body and mind. Playing games also promotes health-enhancing behaviour such as healthy eating and healthy lifestyle. On the other hand, a person who does not play games will be inactive and weak. Furthermore, games teach us big lessons for life. Most games involve teamwork and teach students how to get along with their fellow students and how to work together to achieve a common goal. They will be more disciplined as they have to obey the rules. In addition, they will learn to put the interest of the team before self-interest. Apart from this, games are a form of relaxation. “All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy,” goes the saying. A student cannot study all the time. If he does, he will soon be a bundle of nerves. All games teach us about dealing with success and failures. Thus, they will help students learn about coping with pressure and the need to improve themselves. Although taking part in games is a hassle but it is definitely beneficial to students. I, therefore reiterate that games should be made compulsory for students.

(Adapted from Model compositions, summaries & literature for PMR, Penerbit ESPI)

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Question 4

Today many parents are in favour of sending their children to residential schools. Where would you like to study if given a choice? Based on the notes given, write a composition to state your choice. Give your opinion on the subject and support your opinion

Day School

• Family life – live at home - strong family relationship

• Freedom after school - fewer rules and regulation

• Friends from diverse background

• Large classes - good educational facilities

Residential School• makes one more independent

• Better access to good education – very good facilities

• Governed by rules and regulations

• Peer pressure

Content to support day school: P1 Family life – live at home - strong family relationship

P2 Freedom after school - fewer rules and regulation P3 Friends from diverse background

P4 Large classes – good educational facilities

When writing your essay:

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• You may use all the points provided

• provide reasons to support your answer

• add any interesting details

• make sure it is not less than 120 words

Many parents show keen interest in sending their children to residential schools. This trend is apparent after their children finish their UPSR or PMR examinations. As for me, I would choose to study in a day school.

As a student of a day school, it is my opinion that day schools are more beneficial to students compared to residential schools. The main reason is, we can live with our family members who I believe are the best natural support. We can continue to have a normal family life. We learn to care about each other and family relationships grow stronger and closer when we support each other in times of difficulty. A school is unlikely to be able to give individual support as a family can.

Besides after school there is freedom to do anything I want. I am not governed by rules and regulations as in a residential school. In a boarding school, all students have to follow rigid timetables for various activities such as meal times, bedtime, study time and so on. If our whole day is regulated, how do we learn to think for ourselves?

Studying in a residential school restricts the circle of people you come into contact with. I enjoy the diversity a day school provides. I am able to mix with friends from various races and background.

Although a day school might not have the state- of- the- art facilities, we do have reasonably good facilities and these are enough for us to get a good education. Apart from that, a large class is not a problem at all because teachers are experienced and able to cope with the situation.

Thus, one needs to consider all the factors carefully before deciding to study in a day school or a residential school.

P1

P2

P3

P4

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GUIDELINES

1. Read the question and determine the topic of your article.

2. Study the topic given and determine the audience.

3. Brainstorm ideas and jot them down

4. Focus on the topic and provide reasons and interesting facts for your points.

5. Use all the notes given, and expand these notes.

6. Give a suitable title for your article.

7. If the article is for publication in a school magazine, you may write down your

name and class.

8. Determine the length of the article is not less than the required number of

words.

9. You may use linkers to ensure that ideas flow smoothly from one to another

10.Use the correct tense.

11.Check for grammatical, spelling and punctuation errors.

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Write an article on the effects of development on the environment.

hurry to develop - price to pay - health, lives

air - polluted - fumes, smoke - cars, factories

rivers drying - chemicals dumped

forest cut down - houses, factories, offices - landslides, floods

sacrifice - environment - for - development

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SAMPLE 1

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MODEL ANSWER

Effects Of Development On The Environment

PPD KMY - ENGLISH MODULE 2012 – PMR – CEMERLANG – GUIDED WRITING

save the earth - heritage - must not destroy - responsibility - protect

When writing the article :

useall the notes given.

elaborate on the notes

give a suitable title

make sure it is not less than 120 words

In our hurry to developand modernizeour country, we seem to have forgotten that there is a price to pay. That price is our health and lives.

Most of the developers are greedy and they neglect the environment in the rush to make profits. The air is polluted by the fumes from cars and factories. The pollution can cause diseases like asthma, bronchitis and other breathing problems. Besides, the rivers are also drying up because chemicals have been dumped by factories. As a result, once striving marine life has dwindled to dangerous levels. Fishermen who depend on the rivers for their livelihood are finding it difficult to make a living.

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In addition, our forests are being cut down as the need for houses, factories, office and living space increases. As a result of this indiscriminate felling, landslides and flash floods occur at an alarming rate. Many lives, human and animals have been lost because of these disasters. The price we have been paying is very high. We have sacrificed our environment for the sake of development.

Lastly, we must be willing to sacrifice to save the earth. We must consumeless and waste less. The earth is our heritage so we must not destroy it. Thus it is our responsibility to protect our environment from now on. We have to realize that our environment has itslimit. It cannot go on being abused indefinitely.

Write an article on ‘Road Safety ’ for your school magazine. Use the notes given below to help you.

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• dumped - thrown • indiscriminate - careless • felling - cutting down (trees) • disasters - misfortune • sacrificed - giving up something • sake - in order to please or get • willing - ready to • consume - use

• heritage - handed down from the past

• responsibility - duty

Develop - to grow

modernize - to become advanced

greedy - wanting more than enough

neglect - no care

environment- surrounding

polluted - to make harm or dirty

fumes - gases from engines

responsibility - dutySAMPLE 2Careful – road - pedestrian

crossing

Never – dash – road – knock down

Bus - school – do not get on - off - bus - moving

Bus - school – do not get on - off - bus - moving

Do not – cycle middle - road

Bicycles - good - condition - brakes - lights

WORD LIST

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Road Safety

PPD KMY - ENGLISH MODULE 2012 – PMR – CEMERLANG – GUIDED WRITING

When writing the article :

useall the notes given.

elaborate on the notes

give a suitable title

make sure it is not less than 120 words

Many people are involved in road accidents daily. Some are killed whereas many others are injured. So, it is important for us to learn to use the roads safely and properly.

Firstly, we should be careful when crossing the road. If there is a pedestriancrossing, we should use it. We must never dash across the road as we

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MODEL ANSWER

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may get knocked down. If there are no crossings, then we must look carefully to the left, then the right and left again and cross only when it is safe. This is to prevent accidents from happening.

Next, when we take the bus to school, we must remember not to board or alight the bus when it is moving. This is because we may fall and injure ourselves. We must also not play while we are in the bus. When the bus breaks suddenly, we may knock our heads or fall off our seats.

Lastly, riding a bicycle can be dangerous too. We must be attentive on the road and never cycle in the middle of the road. We must obey the traffic rules and make sure that our bicycle is in good condition with brakes and lights that function.

These are some of the things we can do to avoid accidents. However, it is important that we stay alert at all the time while using the roads. It is better to be safe than sorry.

You have attended a talk on ‘Healthy Lifestyle’. Your teacher has asked you to write an article for your school magazine. Use the pictures and notes below to help you.

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Whereas - while

Pedestrian - person walking

Crossing - a place to cross

Dash - run across fast

Prevent - to stop

Injure - hurt

Board - get on

Alight - get off

Obey - follow

Avoid - to keep away or escape

fromPRACTICE 1

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Healthy Lifestyle

PPD KMY - ENGLISH MODULE 2012 – PMR – CEMERLANG – GUIDED WRITING

When writing the article :

useall the notes given.

elaborate on the notes

give a suitable title

make sure it is not less than 120 words

It is very important for us to stay healthy so that we can have a long life. There are many ways for us to stay healthy.

First of all, we need to practice good personal hygiene. We need to bathe regularly. Since we live in a hot and humid country, we need to bathe at least two or

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Everyday – at least twice Balance diet is important

Exercise regularlySleep well - 6 - 8 hours

ANSWER

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three times a day to maintain our cleanliness. By bathing regularly, we can get rid of germs and dust from our body and feel fresh instead.

Next, we have to eat a balanced diet. We should include food that contains proteins, carbohydrates, fats, vitamins and minerals in our diet. A balanced diet will ensure that our body gets the right proportion of nutrients. We could use the food pyramid as a guide to help us. These nutrients can help the body fight against diseases and are important for the repair of body tissues.

Besides, we also need to exercise regularly, at least three times a week. We could play games or just do simple exercises like walking or jogging. This will help us to sweat out and burn off the extra calories to keep us fit and healthy. A healthy body gives us an active mind. This would in turn help us in our studies.

Last but not least, we need to get enough sleep to stay healthy. As students, it is best that we sleep eight hours every night. It will not be easy as most of us would be burning the midnight oil with PMR just around the corner. However, we should at least sleep for six hours. This will make us more alert and attentive in class

Hence, we must practice all these ways to stay healthy. We can plan and carry out healthy activities with our family members and friends so that we can have fun together and maintain our health at the same time. Remember, “Health is Wealth”.

By:

PriyaBalan

Form 3A

Using the diagram and notes below, write an article for your Nature Club newsletter.

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PRACTICE 2

Air Pollution

Causes

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Air Pollution

PPD KMY - ENGLISH MODULE 2012 – PMR – CEMERLANG – GUIDED WRITING

Pollution, especially air pollution is becoming a serious problem. Day by day, the air that we breathe is becoming dirtier and more impure.

There are many causes of air pollution. Firstly, the chemical wastes from factories pollute the air with carbon dioxide and other harmful pollutants. It makes

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Open burning of rubbish

ChemicalWastesFrom

factories

ExhaustFumes

From cars

Chemical fertilizers and

fertilizersAnd pesticide

Smoke from factories

Ways to overcome

Those involved

should be fined

The factories should be

closed down

Use unleaded

petrol

Should be banned - use

natural fertilizers

Action should be taken - the factory

When writing the article :

useall the notes given.

elaborate on the notes

give a suitable title

make sure it is not less than 120 words

words

ANSWER

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the air dirty. To overcome this problem, we need strict laws like closing down the factories that pollute the air.

Another cause of is the exhaust fumes from cars and other vehicles. They emit poisonous gases like carbon monoxide into the atmosphere and make the air very unhealthy. To control this problem, we should start using unleaded petrol and practice car-pooling.

In addition, the open burning of rubbish releases smoke and other harmful gases into the air. This results in haze which leads to serious health problems like asthma, bronchitis, lung cancer and other respiratory problems. We need to fine the people involved in open burning.

Besides, our air is also polluted by chemical fertilizers and pesticides which contain poisonous chemicals. They release toxic gases into the atmosphere. These fertilizers should be banned and natural fertilizers should be used instead.

Finally, smoke from factories also dirties the air. The smoke which contains polluted particles makes the air unhealthy and results in smog. Strict action like temporary closure should be taken against the factories involved. Thus, we should cooperate with the government and control air pollution to save our environment.

By:Kelvin YoungForm 3

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RECOUNTS

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What is a recount?

It is an account of something youhave experienced.

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General guideline

1. Read and understand the notes and instructions carefully before you begin.

2. Study the picture / pictures carefully.

3. Ask yourself WH questions to help you;

- Where is the place?

- Who are the people?

- What are they doing?

- What happened? / What is happening?

- When it is? (time)

4. For picture series, try to connect the ideas from one picture to the next.

5. Write down the words and ideas beside each picture.

6. Organize your ideas. Use linking words such as ‘After that’, ‘Later’. Write in 3 to 4 short paragraphs.

7. Elaborate each idea by adding interesting details.

8. Think about the conclusion. What happened in the end?

9. Try to have some moral values or lesson learnt from the story.

10.Keep the same tense. We usually use past tense to tell story or describe something that happened.

11.Give your story a suitable title.

12.Read through your composition. Check for mistake, especially in spelling, punctuation and grammar.

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QUESTION 1

Your family spent a three-day holiday at Fajar Hill Resort. Using the advertisement below as a guide, write a recount on how you spent your holiday there.

When writing a recount:

You may use all the notes

Elaborate on the given notes to make it more interesting

Add any other relevant information

Make sure it is not less than 120 words

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FAJAR HILL RESORT

• Hill resort

• Accommodation – apartments• Cool weather• Activities – jungle trekking,

swimming or fishing

in highland streams, picnic at waterfall

A relaxing place for family and friends. Come to Bukit Permata in Pahang to have a restful time away from the

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SAMPLE ANSWER

84

During the last school holidays, my family and I spent three days at Fajar Hill resort. We reached the hill resort at about 12 noon on Friday. We ate lunch at the restaurant in the resort and then checked into a small but comfortable apartment.

First, we unpacked. Next, we went for a walk. There was a flower garden and a vegetable farm nearby that we visited. We returned to the chalet in the evening. We had our baths and then had a buffet dinner in the resort restaurant. Finally, we went to bed early for we had planned to go jungle trekking the next day.

Next morning, we had breakfast at the resort restaurant. Then we prepared a picnic lunch and went on our trek. I was very excited about the trek. We had a wonderful time looking out for wild animals and plants. We saw a lot of orchids and pitcher plants but not many wild animals, except for some birds and garden lizards. We picnicked by a stream. Father tried his hand at fishing and caught some fish. That night we ate the fish for dinner in the apartment.

The next day we left the resort after breakfast. I really enjoyed myself at Fajar Hill. I hope we will go there again soon.

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QUESTION 2

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When writing your recount:

You may use all the notes

Elaborate on the given notes to make it more interesting

Add any other relevant information

Make sure it is not less than 120 words

SAMPLE ANSWER

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Last month, we visited my mother’s friend, Aunt Mary who lived in an old bungalow not very far from our home. Her house was on top of a hill and had a big garden with a lot of flowering plants and huge trees. Nearby was the jungle and the whole area was quiet and peaceful.

That evening, we were having tea in the garden. It was breezy and refreshing. While my mother and Aunt Mary were chatting, I was admiring the bushes and the trees near the jungle. Unexpectedly, I saw something strange. It looked like a long, thick brown and black branch on a tree trunk but it was moving!

I pointed it out to Aunt Mary. She looked at it and said, “That’s a python!” When I heard this, I was terrified. I jumped up from my chair, and so did the rest of the tea party. Aunt Mary went into the house to call the fire brigade.

In a short while, some firemen arrived. Using a long pole and a net, they managed to catch the python and put it in a bag. “You are lucky,” said one of the firemen. “This python had just eaten something and that is why it could not escape.” Then the fireman left, taking the python with them.

It was a frightening experience for me. Before this, I had only seen pythons in the zoo. I hope I never see a live python near me again.

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Reports

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I wonder what a report is ?

Reports are compositions that give information. You usually write a report for someone in authority, for example a teacher or a principal. We also write reports for the police if we witness an accident or a crime.

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General guideline

13.Read and understand the notes and instructions carefully before you begin.

14.Study the picture / pictures carefully.

15.Ask yourself WH questions to help you;

- Where is the place?

- Who are the people?

- What are they doing?

- What happened? / what is happening?

- When it is? (time)

16.For picture series, try to connect the ideas from one picture to the next.

17.Write down the words and ideas beside each picture.

18.Organize your ideas. Use linking words such as ‘After that’, ‘Later’. Write in 3 to 4 short paragraphs.

19.Elaborate each idea by adding interesting details.

20.Think about the conclusion. What happened in the end?

21.Try to have some moral values or lesson learnt from the story.

22.Keep the same tense. We usually use past tense to tell story or describe something that happened.

23.Give your story a suitable title.

24.Read through your composition. Check for mistake, especially in spelling, punctuation and grammar.

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QUESTION 1

You witnessed an accident in the science laboratory and have been asked to write a report to your principal. Using the notes below, explain the events leading to the accident, the accident itself and the outcome.

Doing an experiment-Science laboratory-student-Soh Chin Mun-accidently used

a wrong chemical in the mixture – caused a minor explosion- test tubes- broken-

on the laboratory table- window next to it- none of the students hurt- students

involved- cuts and bruises- mainly when he fell- sent to hospital- given treatment

by doctor

SAMPLE ANSWER

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To: The Principal

SekolahMenengah Seri Andalas

Klang,

Selangor.

Date: 12 May 2010

A report on a Laboratory Accident in Form 3K

At 8.30 a.m. on Monday, 12 May 2010, my class was in the Science laboratory. We were carrying out an experiment using chemicals. Our Science teacher, Mr. Devadas, was with us. He had shown us how to do the experiments and told us what chemicals to take and use. He also told us the measurements of the various chemicals that we should use.

Then after he had shown us how to carry out the experiment, he also told us to do the same experiment with a partner. My partner was Soh Chin Mun. Soh told me that he knew how to conduct the experiment and proceeded to do it. Suddenly, there was an explosion. One of the chemicals that Soh had put in the text tube was incorrect. The explosion was loud; but luckily for us, it did not cause a fire. However, the test tubes on our table were all broken and so was the window next to our table.

Mr. Devadas quickly came and calmed everyone down. Soh had some cuts and bruises on his hands when he fell down but fortunately nobody else was injured. A few minutes later, Mr. Ramli, our class teacher came to send Soh to the hospital. I accompanied them to the hospital. Soh was given an outpatient treatment by a doctor there. Then we went back to our school.

Ridzuan

Mohammad RidzuanAriff

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QUESTION 2

You work as a junior reporter for the Malaysian Reader, a small newspaper based in Pulau Pinang. Using the notes below, write a report on the recipients of the ‘Student of the Year’ Award, organized by the local government.

• Wednesday- City Hall Building- ‘Student of the Year’ award ceremony

• Two students – outstanding performance – academic and co-curricular

activities

• Sarah Muniandy – fifteen-year-old- eight A’s- PMR

• Muhammad Amin – eighteen-year-old- twelve A’s – SPM

• Both – excel in co-curricular activities

• Active members of Green Earth Society- save the environment- many other

clubs and societies

When writing your report:

You may use all the notes

Elaborate on the given notes to make it more interesting

Add any other relevant information

Make sure it is not less than 120 words

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SAMPLE ANSWER

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George Town: Two students received the prestigious ‘Student of the Year’ award today. The award was handed over by the Chief Minister of Pulau Pinang, DatoKhoo Chong Teng. The ceremony took place at the City Hall Building today at 10 a.m.

The students were fifteen-year-old Sarah Muniandy from SekolahMenengah Taman Pelangi and eighteen-year-old Muhammad Amin from SekolahMenengah Agama Al-Irsyad. Both students excelled in their academic performance. Sarah obtained eight A’s in the recent PMR examination while Muhammad obtained twelve A’s in the recent SPM examination. Sarah and Muhammad were also chosen for their outstanding performance in co-curricular activities.

Sarah Muniandy is the Captain of the State’s Under-16 hockey team as well as an active member of the Green Earth Society, an environment movement that she and Muhammad started. Together the students have managed to help clean up the notorious Sungai Pinang area and planted trees along its banks.

Muhammad Amin, a form six student at Al-Irsyad, is also its Sorts Captain< President of the Interact Club and twice champion of the Interschool National Public Speaking Competition. Like Sarah, he is also actively concerned about the deteriorating environment and has been involved in numerous Green Earth Society activities to help clean the state’s polluted rivers.

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INFORMAL LETTERS GUIDELINES

Greeting / salutation

Dear ………… - is most often used. You can use it for everyone, from your mother to a

new pen - pal.

My dear ……….. - is used if you have a close relationship with someone, like your

family or best friend.

Dearest and my dearest …….. - are usually used only for people you love.

Opening Remarks

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How are you? I hope you are fine.

What a surprise to hear from you.

I received your letter yesterday / a few days ago

How are you? I am sorry I couldn’t write earlier.

Closing Remarks

That will be for now. I hope to hear from you soon.

Please send my warmest regards to your family.

Do write soon.

I shall write again when I have time.

THE FORMAT

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Dear Janet,

It was a pleasant surprise hearing from you. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Please reply as soon as possible. Until then, goodbye and take care

173,JalanKeladi,Taman Petani,08000 Sungai Petani,Kedah DarulAman.

24 May 2010. Date

2

Sender’s Address3

Salutation/Greeting

1

Content5

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Sample 1

You have lost a book that you borrowed from a friend. Write a letter to your friend telling her about this matter.

Dear Lily,

I hope this letter finds you family in good health. We are all well here. Before anything else, I am truly sorry for this late reply. I was really busy preparing for the PMR trial examination. Now I am preparing for the PMR examination itself. I am sure that you are doing this as well.

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Opening Remarks

4

Your friend, Vivian

Closing Remarks

6

Ending & Signature

7

Model Answer

9,JalanBaru,Kg.PandanBaru.56100 Kuala Lumpur11 September 2011

1

2

Opening remarks

4

3

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Lily, I have a confession1 to make. Do you remember I borrowed a few books from you the last time I come to your house? Well, I have read all those books and would like to return them to you. Unfortunately one of the books entitled “Mr. Midnight – Twentieth series” is missing. I seemed to have misplaced the book somewhere. I have been searching for the book for quite some time now, but still could not manage to find it.

I’m truly sorry. I know how much you value your collection of story books. I will try to get the exact book from any of the book stores. It may take some times as the examination is just around the corner. I hope you will be patient.

I will be coming around to your house when the examination is over to return all your books. I hope you will accept my apologies. Study hard and all the best for the PMR examinations. Till I hear from you again. Take care.

You have gone an expedition organized by the Geography Club in your school. Write a letter to your friend telling about your experiences during the expedition. Your letter should not be lessthan 120 words. Use the notes below to help you.

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Yours sincerely,Melisa 7

ContentParagraphs

5

6

conclusion

CHECK LIST

1.Sender’s address 2. Date 3.salutation

4. opening remarks 5. Content 6.conclusion

7. Ending & signature

Sample 2

expedition - Geography Club - GunungLedang - board bus - arrived noon - 3 trainers - waiting - queued up - listen - briefing - hiking - up - hill - thick forest - river - rope free - tied - bathing - waterfall - cooling - beautiful - trekking - compass and map - sport - allocated - photographs

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Dear ________________________,

Hope that you are well with your family. I am well here. The reason I am writing this letter is to tell you ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

The expedition was organized____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

We left the school by bus___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

We hiked across the thick forest and ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

The activity that we enjoyed the most was bathing at the waterfall ___. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

The last activity was trekking _____________________________________________________________________________________

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____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________

1

3

2

4

5

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____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

I cannot forget ___________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

ANSWER- Sample 2

Dear Steven,

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6

Yours sincerely,

_____________________

7

19, JalanDesaTasik,Taman TasikPerdana ,43700 Selayang ,Selangor.

20 FEBRUARY 2011

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Hope that you are well with your family. I am well here. The reason I am writing this letter is to tell you about my experience during an expedition1

that I went to last week.

The expedition was organized by the Geography Club of my school and we went to GunungLedang.

We boarded the bus at 8.00 in the morning and arrived there at 12.00 noon. When we arrived there, we saw three trainers waiting for us. We queued up and listened to the briefing2 given by one of the trainers. We were separated into groups. A short while later we started hiking up the hill.

We hiked across the thick forest in high spirits. We came to river. We crossed the river using a rope which was tied to trees at either end of the river.

The activity which we enjoyed the most was bathing at the waterfall. It was very cooling and the scenery was breathtakingly beautiful.

The last activity was trekking. Each group was given a compass and a map. We were supposed to use them to locate the place allocated3 to us. It was a very challenging activity.

I cannot forget the experiences I had during the expedition. I have taken a lot of photographs. I will show them to you when you come here.

Well, that’s all for now. Do reply soon.

Your friend did very well in the PMR trial examination in his school. Expand the notes below and write a letter congratulating him on his success. Your letter should not be less than 120 words.

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Yours sincerely,

Collin

1. Expedition – organized trip2. Briefing – detailed instruction3. Allocated – assigned to / given

Practice 1

Reason - congratulate - mutual friend - top scorer - PMR trial examination - school deserve - preparing - examination - sacrifices - favourite television programmers - outdoor games - computer games sacrifices - rewarded - residential school - competitions among classmates - student - other classes - proud - achievement - continue - momentum - PMR examination - do well - good - result

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Your family and you are planning to go camping for the coming first term holidays. You have browsed the internet and found a suitable campsite. Write a letter to your brother and invite him and his family to join you.

Use the notes below to write the letter.

1. Campsite - clean 3. Facilities - toilet

- safe - shower room

- peaceful - swimming pools

2. Location - near a village 4. Activities - swimming

- minute trishaw ride - trekking

- Seven Eleven - skating

- board games

Sample answer 1

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3, JalanSiantan 2, Taman Kempas, 81200 Tampoi Johor.

12 September 2011

Practice 2

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Dear Adam,

How are you getting along? Hope that you are fine with your loved ones. As for me, I am fine here. The reason I am writing this letter is to congratulate you. I have heard from mutual friends that you the top scorer in the recent PMR trial examination carried out at your school.

I know that you really deserve this because I know you are hard-working, as I have seen the way you had been preparing for the examination. You havemade a lot sacrifices by giving up your favourite television programmes, football and most of allkeeping away from computer games. This I know for sure as it has beenages since you played on-line games with me and other friends. Well, your sacrifices are well rewarded.

As you are studying in a residential school, I am sure that there were a lot of competitions among your classmates and students from other classes. I am so proud of your achievement. You must continue this momentum and do well in the PMR examination which is not far away. I know you will do well and get equally good results or even better results.

Till I hear from you again. Take care and all the best for the upcoming examination.

Yours sincerely,Rahman

Sample answer – 2SweeLan,No. 10, Taman Timur,25300 Kuantan,Pahang.

18 March 2012

Dear brother,How are you and your family? I hope all of you are as fit as a fiddle. I

am fine with parents here. Brother, we are planning a camping trip for the

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coming school holidays. Mum and dad want you and your family to join us for this annual family gathering. I surfed the Internet and have found a suitable campsite for all of us to enjoy ourselves.

We will be camping at the Coral Beach in Kuantan. The camping site is clean so I think we will be more relaxed in a clean place. This camping site is surrounded by trees and it is shady. We do not have to be scared of being sun burnt. Moreover, the camping site is peaceful. You can only hear the sound of waves lapping the shore. You will also feel safe here because there are guards and police patrolling this campsite. The best attraction of all this place has a breathtaking scenery of the sunset, you will find this an amazing place to camp.

This campsite is located near a village. So, if we run out of provisions, we can go to the village to get things with only a 10 minute trishaw ride. To make things easier, there is a 7-eleven nearby. We can also purchase our things there.

Brother, there are also many facilities provided at the campsite. We do not need to worry about toilets and shower rooms because these facilities are provided for the convenience of the campers. There are three swimming pools for the campers if they want to swim. It caters for adults and children.

We can organize many activities at the campsite. Moreover, it had been a very long time since we went out together during the school holidays. We can also swim in the sea as the water is crystal-clear, cool and refreshing. There is also another enjoyable activity, which you love, that is jungle-trekking. We can see many fauna and flora in the nature park not far from the campsite. As a wildlife lover, I am sure you can recognize the flora and fauna there.

As for my little nieces and nephews, there is a skating ring for them to have fun and enjoy. They can also rent the skating shoes for a very reasonable price. Besides, the campsite also provides various board games such as scrabble, carom, chess, snakes and ladders and monopoly. I am sure both adults and children would enjoy the games.

I think I will pen off now. I hope that you will think about this invitation and discuss it with your family. Moreover, it’s our parents wedding anniversary. It would be fun as it has been a long time since we had a family gathering. I hope to get a positive answer from you. Before I forget, mum and dad send their regards to all of you.I’ m enclosing some pictures of the Coral Beach that I printed out from the internet.

Take care and reply soon.

Your loving sister,Susan

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