13.5 Scientific Revolution

Objectives

• Explain how new discoveries in astronomy changed the way people viewed the universe.

• Analyze the contributions that Newton and other scientists made to the Scientific Revolution.

The Old Way

• Stuck in the past (Greeks and Church)

• Ptolemy’s geocentric theory

• How did they come up with this idea?

Scientific Revolution

• Began Mid-1500’s• Causes:– necessity – rebirth in learning

during Renaissance– Challenging older

ways and ancient ideas

Heliocentric Theory• Copernicus (1543)

On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres.

• Proposed heliocentric theory– Backlash– Tycho Brahe’s

observatory– Johannes Kepler,

used Brahe’s observations, supported with mathematical data (ellipse)

Galileo• Started by discounting

Aristotle/Ptolemy 1610• Assembled telescope,

observed Jupiter’s moons revolve around the planet.

• Supported Copernicus and called to Rome in front of Inquisition– “And yet it moves.”– Outcome?

• Ideas stuck

Scientific Method

• Problem=hypothesis=data=conclusion• Bacon moved away from reliance on ancients,

stressed experimentation and observation• Descartes “I think therefore I am”– Discourse on Method (1637)– Everything within human reason

Scientific Revolution

• Scientific Method needed new materials– Perfected Microscope by Leeuwenhoek(1590)– Fahrenheit and Celsius

• Dissection of bodies– On the Structure of the Human Body– Vesalius, first accurate and detailed study of

human anatomy – Harvey, circulation of blood and the heart

• Inoculations

Newton

• One set of universal gravitation.

• Natural laws dominated earth/humanity.

• Can be measured and described mathematically

• Gravity• Philsophie Naturalis

Principia Mathematica