(13.1) Ground Floor Performance Requirements · Investing in Opportunities (13.1) Ground Floor...

Green Building Encyclopaedia 11/06/16

© GBE 2007-16 Foundations Brian Murphy 1

Investing in Opportunities

www.GreenBuildingEncyclopaedia.uk

(13.1) Ground Floor

(13.4) Ground floor: on ground, suspended

(13.9) Proofing, membranes, insulation



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•  WRAP's Aggregain website for recycled aggregates is now gone it used to advise:

•  OPC replacements: PFA and GGBS

•  Recycled tyre wire reinforcement in concrete mixing drum

•  Plastic aggregates for suppression of crack propagation makes thinner slabs

•  Subsoil consolidation and water removal by adding lime to subsoil

•  Dynamic consolidation to improve soil stability

•  May all help to reduce concrete quantity or impact 11/06/16 2

LSBU Tech 2 Lecture

•  Domestic, Small & Medium size buildings

•  Construction methods, materials, services and systems

•  Ground floors: ground bearing, suspended

•  intake and disposal services © GBE 2007-16 Foundations 11/06/16 3

Performance Design •  Establish the Performance

requirements of the building •  Then design the elements to meet them •  E.g. What is the design life? •  This forces us to address durability •  And gives an opportunity to consider

whole life costs and life cycle analysis •  We also need to consider the energy

demands of the building during that life © GBE 2007-16 Foundations 11/06/16 4



Performance Requirements

Principles of Element Design

© GBE 2007-16 Foundations 11/06/16 6

Floor Actions •  Gravity: downward pull •  Wind: Motive force (suction), pressure buffeting, Destructive,

Penetrative •  Rain: Moisture deposition, penetration •  Snow: Moisture deposition, loading, slush carried in, material

degradation •  Moisture vapour: permeation, condensation, insulation impaired •  Sun: Temp variation, thermal movement, heat gains, Chemical

decomposition •  Dirt and Dust: infiltration, deposition, surface pollution, surface

erosion •  Chemicals: surface corrosion, disintegration, decomposition •  Sound: Noise nuisance, impact, rattle, creaking, •  Attack: Manual, Ballistics, Bomb Blast •  Thermal: heat loss, cold to touch, radiant coolth, condensation, •  Deposits: chewing gum, staining, adhesion, trip hazard, surface

texture penetration •  Gases: Ground gases: Radon (Radio Active), Methane •  Moisture: flood water, ground water rising, capillary attraction,

moisture transfer © GBE 2007-16 Foundations 11/06/16 7

Floor Reactions

•  Gravity: Support •  Wind: rigidity, resilience, sealing, air tightness layers and detailing •  Rain: deflection, impervious skin, absorption and drainage, sealing •  Snow: deflection, impervious skin, absorption and drainage, sealing •  Moisture vapour: resistance, hygroscopicity, permeability, breathing,

moisture mass •  Sun: movement joints, insulation, shielding, invulnerable materials •  Dirt and Dust: repulsion, exclusion, shielding, cleaning •  Chemicals: invulnerable materials, exclusion, •  Sound: Insulation, absorption, acoustic mass, separation, isolation, •  Attack: toughness, lamination, edge restraint, edge protection •  Insulating: thermal insulation, thermal mass, U value, G value, cold

bridge avoidance/minimisation •  Deposits: smooth impervious surface, flush impervious joints, •  Gases: Gas/Damp proof membrane linked to G/DPC •  Moisture: Elevation of floor above flood plain, Separation, water

resistant materials, Damp proof membranes linked to DPC 11/06/16 8


•  Appearance –  Interior and exterior

materials and finishes •  Structural strength and

stability –  Load-bearing –  Wind resistance

•  Weather barrier –  Rain, snow, wind, sun, –  dirt dust pollution

•  Durability –  Moisture resistance, frost,

mould –  Moisture Mass &

Hygroscopicity –  Ozone and sunlight

degradation

•  Thermal Performance –  Heat Resistance: loss and

gain –  Condensation Avoidance –  Airtightness –  Avoidance of Cold Bridges –  Thermal Mass

•  Movement –  Structural , thermal,

moisture, Frost heave –  Chemical

© GBE 2007-16 Foundations 11/06/16 9




•  Acoustic Performance –  Resistance, absorption

•  Fire Performance –  Surface spread of flame –  Fire Resistance

•  Security •  Inspection and maintenance

–  Inside & out •  Pest infestation

–  Termites, –  Termite Barriers

•  Rising damp –  Barriers –  Capillary Attraction –  Hygroscopic or Hydrophobic –  Frost action

•  Health –  Moisture Mass –  Low allergy materials

© GBE 2007-16 Foundations 11/06/16 10

1

www.greenspec.co.uk

www.capem.eu1

(11) Ground

CI/SfB (11) Ground

Profile, Composition, preparation, water

Another GreenSpec CPD to download soon 11/06/16 13

Light touch bigger footprint

Shallow excavation Pad foundations +ve wind pressure on roof 11/06/16 14



© GBE 2007-16 Foundations

Flood Zone: xxx mm. Splash & Capillary Zone: 450 mm.

Eco-Concrete Pad foundation

11/06/16 15 Roundwood: trees from site

No ground contact, flood zone, anti-splash height, air movement, place for nature Gas service ventilation zone before entry, services suspension zone

11/06/16 16

EcoConcrete

•  Reduced OPC Ordinary Portland Cement content (reduced CO2 production) –  GGBS Ground Granulated Blast-furnace Slag Cement (Slag)

–  PFA Pulverised Fuel Ash

•  Reduced Primary or Virgin Aggregates (sand and gravel) –  Secondary aggregates (waste or by-product)

–  Recycled aggregates

–  Recycled concrete aggregates

–  Recycled other materials (glass, plastics, etc.)

•  Mains drinking water supply 11/06/16 17

Limecrete

•  Replaces OPC Ordinary Portland Cement content (reduced CO2 production) –  Lime (lower CO2, recyclable, slow set, avoid frost)




–  Recycled other materials

•  Mains drinking water supply

•  Use permanent formwork in ground 11/06/16 18

Hemp-Lime crete

•  Replaces OPC Ordinary Portland Cement content –  Lime

•  lower CO2, recyclable, slow set, avoid frost

•  Replaces Primary or Virgin Aggregates (sand and gravel) –  Plant based aggregates

•  Carbon sequestration, Carbon negative

•  Mains drinking water supply

•  Not suitable for foundations –  May be suitable for floors (guidance soon)

11/06/16 19




Rain Splash

150 mm. rain splash zone

11/06/16 20



Dynamic Consolidation Dynamic Consolidation of subsoil to improve load bearing capacity Heavy touch in poor ground Noise and Vibration issues for neighbours Lowering of site level Suited to continuous foundations: strip trench raft Suited to walled construction

© GBE 2007-16 Foundations 11/06/16 21

Dynamic Consolidation Dynamic Consolidation of subsoil to improve load bearing capacity Heavy touch in poor ground Spaced affects capacity lower down Angle depends on soil types Closer centres bring bearing capacity closer to surface

© GBE 2007-16 Foundations 11/06/16 22

Heavy touch in poor ground Dynamic Consolidation of subsoil to improve load bearing capacity Noise and Vibration issues Lowering of site level Pockets for pad foundation for framed buildings

© GBE 2007-16 Foundations 11/06/16 23

Post & framing

•  Ideal for pad or pile foundation

•  Minimal excavation

•  Minimal arisings

•  Or almost no foundations at all

•  Children, nature & storage under

Hedgehog Self-build Brighton Architect: Robin Hillier 11/06/16 24




Load-bearing wall Foundations: Raft

11/06/16 25

•  Raft Foundation

Walled building foundations

11/06/16 26

Raft Foundations

•  Often used in poor soil conditions

•  E.g. in East Angila (East of England) Fenland on Peat which has poor load-bearing capacity will compress as water is squeezed out of the sponge like sub-soil

•  The building is designed to ‘float’ on a raft

•  The raft must be stiff to resist differential settlement

•  The building and the raft should be simple in plan or extra stiff (reinforcement) to compensate

•  Downstand beams leave ‘dumplings’ of soil in between

•  Services must swivel to accommodate settlement 11/06/16 27

Reinforced eco-concrete raft foundation In clay and moisture sensitive soil: 900 mm. thick

To resist moisture movement and frost heave Displaces excavated soil

Reinforced eco-concrete raft foundation on poor ground

11/06/16 28

Cellular raft

•  Historically excavated soil was sent to landfill without question

•  If poor soil is removed the raft may become thicker and it may become cellular with slabs at top and bottom

•  It then displaces all of the soil

•  With diminishing landfill capacity this approach is no longer economical 11/06/16 29



Reinforced eco-concrete raft foundation

In clay and moisture sensitive soil: 900 mm. thick To resist moisture movement and frost heave

Displaces more excavated soil

Reinforced eco-concrete Cellular Raft foundation

on poor ground

11/06/16 30




Basement raft

•  The space between the top and bottom slabs is high enough to make accommodation

•  This maximises the accommodation on the site and offers opportunities for plant and storage space

•  But generates considerable excavation arisings

11/06/16 31

Reinforced eco-concrete Cellular raft foundation on poor

ground, turned into basement

Basement for services and storage Reinforced eco-concrete cellular raft foundation

Displaces lots of excavated soil 11/06/16 32




Floating Raft Foundations

11/06/16 33

Steel or reinforced eco-concrete Cellular Raft foundation

on island subject to flooding

The Profile may be changed to have less impact It could be boat shaped

11/06/16 34

Steel or eco-concrete Cellular Raft foundation

on island subject to flooding

© GBE 2007-16 Foundations 11/06/16 35




Solid Masonry: Raft Foundation &

Concrete Floor

11/06/16 36

Principles of Floor Design

•  Floor Load

•  Floor Level

•  Connections of wall or column to floor

•  Connection of floor to foundation

•  Floor shape

•  Floor thickness

•  Stepping

•  Holes for Services

•  Construction Process

•  Depth above ground level 11/06/16 37

Insitu eco-concrete ground floor/raft foundation

on thick insulation layer Not for clay & moisture sensitive subsoil

No down-stand beam No cold bridge

Topsoil reused on site Minimal excavations arisings

Insulation as formwork Minimal insulation off-cuts and waste

Some Structural Engineer’s will not go there


11/06/16 38



Some Structural Engineer’s happier to do this


on thick insulation layer Not for clay & moisture sensitive subsoil

Thickening of floor at edge no cold bridge

Topsoil reused on site Some excavations arisings

Insulation as formwork Minimal insulation off-cuts & waste (half & make 2)

11/06/16 39


on thick insulation layer Clay & moisture sensitive subsoil

Raft with down stand beam at edge High risk of cold bridge

Topsoil reused on site Some excavations arisings

Insulation as permanent formwork Minimal insulation off-cuts and waste

Frost Heave

Drying Shrinkage in hot dry weather: Trees drinking

Cold Bridge

11/06/16 40


on thick insulation layer Clay & moisture sensitive sub-soil

Raft with down stand beam at edge High risk of cold bridge

Topsoil & subsoil reused on site Some excavations arisings

Insulation as permanent formwork Minimal insulation off-cuts and waste

© GBE 2007-16 Foundations 11/06/16 41

Zero Energy Development

Hockerton Newark Nottinghamshire

Reduce demand for artificial light and heating: Outdoor living Conservatory life sunny warm cave to retreat to in the cold of night

11/06/16 42

Hot house in the middle of winter

© GBE 2007-16 Foundations 11/06/16 43

Insulation wrapped around accommodation and thermal mass

© GBE 2007-16 Foundations 11/06/16 44

Layering to avoid penetrations of DPM damp proof membrane

© GBE 2007-16 Foundations 11/06/16 45

Private Garden

Private Garden

Conservatory

Living Area

Below Ground Drainage above slab

Porch

Compost

Kitchen

Bathroom

Private Garden

Sitting Room

Fireplace

Car parking

Veranda

Dining Room

Store Bedroom

Bedroom

Cloaks Plumbing

Plant

Earth bank no views

Porch

Store

Cloaks Plumbing

Plant

Conservatory

Living Area Kitchen

Sitting Room

Fireplace

Dining Room

Conservatory

Bathroom

Veranda

Bedroom

Bedroom

Way through

11/06/16 46


Mile End Road Park © GBE 2007-16 Foundations 11/06/16 47




Mile End Road Park, E London

Zero Energy Development Use of thermal mass of earth to store heat for 6 months

11/06/16 48



Heat transfer in soil 1m/mth 6m insulation boards at perimeter 6 months of heat storage

11/06/16 49



Heat exchange into rear earth from pipes, avoids heat exchangers minimise pumps and motors

11/06/16 50




Cavity Wall Foundations:

Strip or Trench Fill

11/06/16 51

•  Strip Foundation

•  Trench-fill Foundation

Walled building foundations

11/06/16 52

Strip Foundation

•  Wide strip for labourer access either side of wall

•  Shallow strip: less concrete (eco-concrete)

•  But more brick, blocks, ties, concrete cavity fill

•  H&S Risk: requires labour to work at bottom of trench which may be deep & can collapse

•  Back filled with hardcore, consolidated in 150 mm. layers

•  Labour intensive, costly, so avoided 11/06/16 53




Trench fill

•  Uses narrower trench but same depth

•  Uses more concrete (eco-concrete)

•  Less other materials and construction below ground, no backfill

•  Less labour and risks in the ground

•  Less labour intensive so cheap and chosen

11/06/16 54

Pre 1990s Construction

•  Eco Energy Refurbishment 11/06/16 55

trench fill or strip eco-concrete

foundation

900 mm. To resist frost heave: moisture sensitive soil


© GBE 2007-16 Foundations 11/06/16 56



Insitu eco-concrete ground floor on thick insulation layer

trench fill foundation Clay & moisture sensitive ground conditions

Flat concrete slab Low risk of cold bridge

Topsoil reused on site Excavations arisings

Full fill cavity wall insulation Minimal insulation off-cuts and waste

© GBE 2007-16 Foundations 11/06/16 57

Thick insulation layer on Insitu eco-concrete ground floor

trench fill foundation Clay & moisture sensitive ground conditions




© GBE 2007-16 Foundations 11/06/16 58

Thick insulation layer on Insitu eco-concrete ground floor

Strip foundation Clay & moisture sensitive ground conditions




© GBE 2007-16 Foundations 11/06/16 59




Clay heave Collapsible board

11/06/16 60

Clay heave

•  Under floor & against foundations

•  Moisture variations in clay soil causes expansion and shrinkage

•  Expansion can lead to displacement

•  Collapsible board accommodates expansion

•  Recycled content paper honeycomb cardboard/polypropylene sheets 11/06/16 61 © GBE 2007-16 Foundations 11/06/16 62

Marketing

•  ‘Clayboard’ is a unique, environmentally friendly void former and foundation stabiliser developed by Dufaylite.

•  Clayboard is a biodegradable honeycomb core set between lightweight polypropylene facings.

•  When dry, ‘Clayboard’ is strong enough to support the weight of wet concrete and steel reinforcement.

•  Water is introduced to the ‘Clayboard’ core once the concrete is set, degrading the ‘Clayboard’ honeycomb centre which will ultimately lead to the creation of a void.

•  This space will accommodate clay expansion without exerting undue pressure on the structure below.

•  The resulting void continues to accommodate natural soil shrinkage and expansion.’

© GBE 2007-16 Foundations 11/06/16 63




Damp Proof Membrane

11/06/16 64

DPM

•  Fabric/Clay powder/Fabric DPM – Uncomplicated lapping no bonding

– No specialist applicators

– Moisture activated

•  (sprinklered or ground water)

•  Recycled content polyethylene sheet

•  Many synthetic petrochemical polymeric sheets 11/06/16 65






Damp & Gas Proof Membrane

11/06/16 66




Ocean Terminal Leith Edinburgh

•  Reclamation of derelict harbour site

•  Part of regeneration of area

•  Polluted landfill capped by building Conran Design Partnership

Brian Murphy Specification Consultant 11/06/16 67

D&GPM

•  Gas – Methane from backfill/landfill

– Radon from granite

•  Clay based not suitable –  vapour permeable when dry

•  Reinforced polyethylene sheet

•  Synthetic petrochemical polymeric sheets

11/06/16 68




Gas Venting Board

11/06/16 69

Brownfield site ventilation

•  Methane from biodegrading organic waste in backfill

•  Liquids and chemicals from prior use

•  Petro-chemicals Hydro-carbons from prior use

•  Ventilated cavity below buildings allow removal before entry into building

•  Gas Proof Membrane in floors

•  Often combination Damp Proof Membrane

•  Cigarette smokers must take care with stubs

•  Methane is combustible 11/06/16 70

Radon Ventilation

•  Radio-active granite e.g. in west country

•  Releases radioactivity into air

•  Ventilated cavity below buildings allow removal before entry into building

•  Radon Barrier: Gas Proof Membrane in floors

•  Often combination Damp Proof Membrane 11/06/16 71

Leaky Buildings

11/06/16 72



•  Reclaimed Polluted Gasworks site

•  900 mm. polluted soil removed to landfill

•  GPM capping 900 mm. down

•  900 mm. imported sub and topsoil

•  Passive ventilation boards at ground level below ground floor

Architect: Proctor Matthews

Specification Consultant: Brian Murphy

Greenwich Millennium Village Phase 2b

11/06/16 73

Brownfield gas ventilation boards

© GBE 2007-16 Foundations 11/06/16 74



Insitu eco-concrete ground floor Gas/Damp Proof membrane

under slab ventilation & thermal insulation board

Flat floors allows use of extensive use of modular insulation Expanded moulded polystyrene of suitable grade

Minimises waste from off cuts Assuming the building size or grid reflects their size

Gasses percolating up from site ventilated to perimeter or ventilated to above roof

11/06/16 75




Thermal Insulation Board

11/06/16 76

Insitu eco-concrete ground floor with under slab insulation & DPM

Flat floors allows use of extensive use of modular insulation Minimises waste from off cuts

Assuming the building size or grid reflects their size Materials: Expanded polystyrene or cellular glass

Performance: load-bearing, water resistant DPM keeps insulation dry and warm

Keeps thermal mass of floor close to surface to exploit Avoid insulating screeds

Consider thin sheet finishes or dense tile Avoid insulation underlay and carpets

11/06/16 77




Suspended Ground Floor

11/06/16 78

Suspended ground floor: Opportunities

•  Void to accommodate ground heave –  No need for collapsible boards

•  Void to permit ventilation of ground gases –  No need for GPM Gas Proof Membrane

–  Methane from backfill for Brownfield sites

–  Radon from granite

•  Isolate floor from ground moisture –  No need for DPM Damp Proof Membrane

•  Suspend above flood level –  Might avoid flood damage

•  Lends itself to sloping sites –  Spans over slopes

–  Creates places for storage (but floor risk) 11/06/16 79

Structural Floor

•  Concrete Deck –  Insitu (E10)

–  Precast plank (E60)

–  Beam and block

–  Insitu and clay pots

•  Composite Deck –  Steel trough deck and insitu concrete (G30 & E10)

•  Timber Deck (G20) –  Joists or compound joist and board or sheet

–  SIPS Structural Insulated Panels

–  Solid timber structural panels 11/06/16 80

Suspended GF Types: Economic & common:

•  Suspended insitu concrete is labour intensive and not common

•  Precast concrete plank and structural screed topping Cement:Sand

•  Precast concrete beam and concrete block with topping

•  Hybrid mixtures of the above

•  Services pipes usually close to wall or in corners

•  Holes drilled (cored), cut or trimmed

•  Common in flats for acoustic performance (weight)

•  Sand to level any pre-camber 11/06/16 81

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. . . . . .

. . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .


© GBE 2007-16 Foundations 11/06/16 82

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . . 150 mm. rain splash zone

Off-cut waste

© GBE 2007-16 Foundations 11/06/16 83






. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . . 150 mm. rain splash zone

Off-cut waste

11/06/16 84

Metal Trough & Insitu EcoConcrete

•  Requires framed superstructure usually steel

•  Steel Permanent formwork deck provides access for labour

•  Insitu eco-concrete poured onto trough and levelled

•  Steel and eco-concrete bond and together to make strong thin floors

•  Potential reduction in storey heights 11/06/16 85

EcoConcrete

•  Reduced OPC Ordinary Portland Cement content (reduced CO2 production) –  GGBS Ground Granulated Blast-furnace Slag Cement (Slag)

–  PFA Pulverised Fuel Ash




–  Recycled other materials (glass, plastics, etc.)

•  Mains drinking water supply 11/06/16 86

Suspended timber ground floor CI/SfB (13.1) Ground Floor

Suspended GF Types: Traditional

•  Perimeter air bricks, at base of walls

•  Sleeper walls open bond permits air movement

•  Timber wall plate

•  Timber Joists

•  Wooden boarded floor: open or T&G jointed

•  Ventilated void

•  No insulation,

•  Air leaky floors 11/06/16 88

Traditional Suspended Ground Floor Joists

Softwood T&G boarding Softwood joists simple design

No thermal Insulation Wall plate on damp proof course on mortar bed

Honeycomb sleeper walls

11/06/16 89

Victorian Construction

•  Eco Energy Refurbishment 11/06/16 90

Softwood joists simple design Thermal Insulation

Suspended in joist space

Suspended Ground Floor Joists Refurbishment

11/06/16 91

Suspended Floor types: Eco

•  Suited to load bearing walled or framed buildings

•  Frames from column and posts

•  Timber I beams minimise resource use

•  Suspended above flood level

•  Well insulated for Zero Carbon Future, airtight and no cold bridges

•  Breathing Construction and insulation

•  Thermal mass can be added 11/06/16 92



Roof: Compound rafters

Cellulose insulation Upper Floor:

Acoustic bricks in floor Laminated Timber floor planks

Lower floor: Acoustic brick

Compound joist Cellulose insulation

External wall: Timber frame walls

Timber fibre insulation Timber batten clad

Construction Resources Showrooms Southwark London 11/06/16 93

Suspended ground floor

•  Natural Carpet

•  Dense timber fibre reinforced gypsum

•  Acoustic brick

•  Compound joist

•  Cellulose fibre insulation

© GBE 2007-16 Foundations 11/06/16 94

Timber Floor: Eco

•  Suited to solid wall or framed buildings

•  Frames from column and posts

•  Timber I beams minimise resource use

•  Suspended above basement accommodation or ventilation zone

•  Well insulated for Zero Carbon Future, airtight and no cold bridges

•  Breathing Construction and insulation option

•  Thermal mass can be added 11/06/16 95

Compound section reduces amount of materials used and weight

Compound Floor joist ‘I beams’ to accommodate more thermal insulation

11/06/16 96

Prefabricated suspended floor panel

Compound floor joist ‘I beams’, inner and outer boards and thermal insulation

11/06/16 97


Compound floor joist ‘I beams’, inner and outer boards and thermal insulation

11/06/16 98


SIP Structural Insulated Panel

11/06/16 99


SIP Structural Insulated Panel

11/06/16 100

Prefabricated suspended floor panel softwood lamina or plywood core option

Load-bearing Structural Timber Panel

© GBE 2007-16 Foundations 11/06/16 101



Load-bearing Laminated Structural Timber Floor Panel

© GBE 2007-16 Foundations 11/06/16 102




Resource Efficiency

11/06/16 103

Reduce Demand

•  Don’t over design structure

•  Except if long design life demands it

•  Don’t oversize

•  Don’t cut section from solid if compound is possible

û ü

© GBE 2007-16 Foundations 11/06/16 104

Reused wood better than new BedZED Beddington Sutton Architect: Dr Bill Dunster, Reclaim: BioRegional ReCLAIMED © NGS © GBE 2007-16 Foundations 11/06/16 105

Simple design and construction

Suspended Floor Joists

© GBE 2007-16 Foundations 11/06/16 106

Multiple section simplifies design and construction

ü ü

Suspended Ground Floor Joists/Beams & Partitions

© GBE 2007-16 Foundations 11/06/16 107

Multiple section with flitch plate of steel bolted together

Suspended Ground Floor Joists/Beams & Partitions

© GBE 2007-16 Foundations 11/06/16 108

Lazy Structural Design: less calculation, more structure Avoid over design of structural supports or around openings

Avoid creating wide cold bridges through insulation Avoid chopping standard width insulation rolls: more waste

û û

Suspended ground floor section

û û

© GBE 2007-16 Foundations 11/06/16 109

Reduce Demand

•  Don’t cut section from solid if compound is possible

•  Reduce solid sections to compound to reduce weight and materials used

ü û 11/06/16 110



Reduce Demand •  Consider use of materials as found:

•  Round pole structures

•  Or compound sections without waste

•  Or use off-cuts in cladding

Roundwood Cut Waste Wood Boarding Cut Reassemble

û ü ü ü

û û

11/06/16 111




Reuse of what you find on site

Materials arisings, opportunities to reclaim for reuse or recycling on or off site

11/06/16 112 © GBE 2007-16 Foundations

Site Autonomy

No materials

imported to site

No export from site

11/06/16 113




Cut and Fill

- Cut

+ Fill

In principle a simple idea

11/06/16 114

Cut and Fill

- Cut

+ Fill

Allow for site strip, design fill size to accommodate excavated materials from: Cut, retaining walls, land drains, foundations, floor slabs, services and drain trenches and paved areas, allow for bulking

11/06/16 115

Cut and Fill

- Cut

+ Fill

Check all your quantities first and determine the level

Or decide the level and

determine the position of the building

© GBE 2007-16 Foundations 11/06/16 116

Excavation Arisings

- Cut

+ Fill

All excavated subsoil materials to be reused on site rather than landfilled Use it in intelligent landscape modelling Including flood defence (Env. Agency permitting)

© GBE 2007-16 Foundations 11/06/16 117




Hollyrood Scottish Parliament

•  Intelligent reuse of excavated subsoil

•  Landscape features: surplus subsoil

•  Topsoil and grass

11/06/16 118

Environment Agency

•  Government Agency:

•  Police: Environment , Waterways and Water Bodies, Landfill, Pollution, Leaks and emissions, Fly-tipping, Site Waste, water use and abuse

•  Right to close sites if abusing the law

•  Nick-name: Anti-recycling league © GBE 2007-16 Foundations 11/06/16 119



Site Strip Area Grass Compost

Leaf Compost

Turf

Topsoil Stockpile

Bush & Tree Trimmings

Sub-soil Hardcore

On-site Best Practice: Initial Site Strip: Landscape Waste

Collect Seeds Cover topsoil with turf

Spread Seeds on topsoil to discourage weeds

Mix Green Waste with grass cuttings compost

11/06/16 120

Compost

Leaf Compost

Turf

Topsoil Stockpile

Sub-soil Hardcore

On-site Best Practice: Reuse of Green waste in Landscape Collect Seeds

Use hardcore in road sub-base and under floor slabs

Add mature Leaf compost to Green Compost

Add mature compost and Subsoil to make Topsoil

Add manufactured topsoil to gardens

Use stockpiled topsoil in landscape

Use stockpiled turf in landscape

Topsoil Stockpile 11/06/16 121



© GBE

•  Brian Murphy BSc Dip Arch (Hons+Dist) –  Architect by Training –  Specification Writer by Choice –  Environmentalist by Actions

•  Greening up my act since 1999 •  Founded National Green Specification 2001 •  Launched www.greenspec.co.uk 2003 •  Created: GBE at www.greenbuildingencyclopaedia.uk 2015 •  E [email protected] •  Twitter: http://twitter.com/brianspecman •  Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/brianspecman •  LinkedIN:

© GBE 2007-16 Foundations 11/06/16 124

(13.1) Ground Floor Performance Requirements · Investing in Opportunities (13.1) Ground Floor...

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