1/30/15 Objective: Who was Gregor Mendel and what were his contributions to genetics? Do Now: What...
-
Upload
avice-deirdre-hodge -
Category
Documents
-
view
214 -
download
0
Transcript of 1/30/15 Objective: Who was Gregor Mendel and what were his contributions to genetics? Do Now: What...
![Page 1: 1/30/15 Objective: Who was Gregor Mendel and what were his contributions to genetics? Do Now: What is a trait, name a few.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649ec45503460f94bcf06f/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
1/30/15
Objective: Who was Gregor Mendel and what were his contributions to genetics?
Do Now:
What is a trait, name a few
![Page 2: 1/30/15 Objective: Who was Gregor Mendel and what were his contributions to genetics? Do Now: What is a trait, name a few.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649ec45503460f94bcf06f/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Gregor Mendel- The first scientist to experiment
with inheritance
Genetics: the study of heredity
![Page 3: 1/30/15 Objective: Who was Gregor Mendel and what were his contributions to genetics? Do Now: What is a trait, name a few.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649ec45503460f94bcf06f/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
• These characteristics that Mendel could see are known as – TRAITS
• Specific characteristics of an individual.
![Page 4: 1/30/15 Objective: Who was Gregor Mendel and what were his contributions to genetics? Do Now: What is a trait, name a few.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649ec45503460f94bcf06f/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Alleles-alternative forms of genes (ex: purple flower or white flower) -- 2 alleles for the gene, one from each parent
![Page 5: 1/30/15 Objective: Who was Gregor Mendel and what were his contributions to genetics? Do Now: What is a trait, name a few.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649ec45503460f94bcf06f/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
• Dominant: A trait that will appear in the offspring if one parent contributes it, capital letter (B= Brown eyes)
• Recessive: a trait that must be contributed by both parents in order to appear in the offspring, lower case letter (b= blue eyes)
![Page 6: 1/30/15 Objective: Who was Gregor Mendel and what were his contributions to genetics? Do Now: What is a trait, name a few.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649ec45503460f94bcf06f/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
• Homozygous: an individual with two of the SAME alleles
• Heterozygous: an individual with two DIFFERENT alleles
![Page 7: 1/30/15 Objective: Who was Gregor Mendel and what were his contributions to genetics? Do Now: What is a trait, name a few.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649ec45503460f94bcf06f/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
• When Mendel crossed a purple flower with white flower all offspring were purple.
• What allele is dominant?– Purple
• Which means white is recessive.– Has the ability to pop
up later
![Page 8: 1/30/15 Objective: Who was Gregor Mendel and what were his contributions to genetics? Do Now: What is a trait, name a few.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649ec45503460f94bcf06f/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
How do we express dominant vs recessive alleles?
• Using Capital and Lower case Letters.
• Capital = dominant
• Lowercase = recessive
• So using the pea plants flower color…
• P = purple
• p = white
![Page 9: 1/30/15 Objective: Who was Gregor Mendel and what were his contributions to genetics? Do Now: What is a trait, name a few.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649ec45503460f94bcf06f/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
• This combination of alleles is referred to as the
GENOTYPE: allele combination (PP, Pp, pp)– Heterozygous or homozygous
• The traits you actually see is referred to as your– PHENOTYPE: Physical features, characteristics
you see from the genotype
![Page 10: 1/30/15 Objective: Who was Gregor Mendel and what were his contributions to genetics? Do Now: What is a trait, name a few.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649ec45503460f94bcf06f/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Other Types of Inheritance…• Incomplete Dominance: neither allele is
dominant. A mixture of two alleles will show
![Page 11: 1/30/15 Objective: Who was Gregor Mendel and what were his contributions to genetics? Do Now: What is a trait, name a few.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649ec45503460f94bcf06f/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Example – ]:
• White chicken (WW) x black chicken (BB)
Grey chicken (WB)
1 black (BB) + 2 Grey (WB) + 1 white (WW)
Both genotypic and phenotypic ratio = 1:2:1
WB WB
WBWB
BB
W W
W B
W
B
WW
WB
WB
BB
![Page 12: 1/30/15 Objective: Who was Gregor Mendel and what were his contributions to genetics? Do Now: What is a trait, name a few.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649ec45503460f94bcf06f/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Try This
• Flower color is an example of incomplete dominance in roses. You are crossing a red rose with a white rose. What will the results of the F1 generation be?
Show your results and then do a cross of the offspring from the F1 generation and give the phenotypic and genotypic ratios of the F2 generation.
![Page 13: 1/30/15 Objective: Who was Gregor Mendel and what were his contributions to genetics? Do Now: What is a trait, name a few.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649ec45503460f94bcf06f/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Codominance
• Both alleles are dominant, so both alleles show (NOT A MIX like in incomplete dominance )
• Example blood type (Type AB)
![Page 14: 1/30/15 Objective: Who was Gregor Mendel and what were his contributions to genetics? Do Now: What is a trait, name a few.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649ec45503460f94bcf06f/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Multiple alleles shows codominance where both traits are expressed equally (not a mixture of the two)
Cross a heterozygous type A withwith a heterozygous type B
![Page 15: 1/30/15 Objective: Who was Gregor Mendel and what were his contributions to genetics? Do Now: What is a trait, name a few.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649ec45503460f94bcf06f/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
A O
B
O
AB BO
OOAO
![Page 16: 1/30/15 Objective: Who was Gregor Mendel and what were his contributions to genetics? Do Now: What is a trait, name a few.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649ec45503460f94bcf06f/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
• Cross a type AB blood individual with a type O
![Page 17: 1/30/15 Objective: Who was Gregor Mendel and what were his contributions to genetics? Do Now: What is a trait, name a few.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649ec45503460f94bcf06f/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
A B
O
O
AO BO
BOAO