13 LECTURES on GEOTECHNICAL EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING...
Transcript of 13 LECTURES on GEOTECHNICAL EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING...
1313 LECTURESon
LECTURESon
GEOTECHNICAL EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERINGGEOTECHNICAL EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING
GEOTECHNICAL DIVISION
SCHOOL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING, N.T.U.A.
GeorgeGeorge BOUCKOVALASBOUCKOVALASbyby
October 2013October 2013
GEORGE BOUCKOVALAS, National Technical University of Athens, Greece, 2013 1.1
1. Introduction
Earthquake-induced damages to above- and under-ground structures are directly related to the seismic ground response and failure during shaking. With few exceptions (e.g. damages due to tsunamis), this reality is verified in every old and recent earthquake.
For exampleFor example …………....
Recent strong earthquakes in Greece and abroad . . . . .
Kobe, Japan, M=7.2, 17-01-1995
GEORGE BOUCKOVALAS, National Technical University of Athens, Greece, 2013 1.2
GEORGE BOUCKOVALAS, National Technical University of Athens, Greece, 2013 1.3
Kobe 1995Collapse of columns
in DAIKAI underground metro station
GEORGE BOUCKOVALAS, National Technical University of Athens, Greece, 2013 1.4
Izmit – Turkey, M=7.2, 17-08-1999
GEORGE BOUCKOVALAS, National Technical University of Athens, Greece, 2013 1.5
GEORGE BOUCKOVALAS, National Technical University of Athens, Greece, 2013 1.6
Fault traceFault trace
GEORGE BOUCKOVALAS, National Technical University of Athens, Greece, 2013 1.7
Fault traceFault trace
Dücze- Turkey, M=7.2, 12-11-1999GEORGE BOUCKOVALAS, National Technical University of Athens, Greece, 2013 1.8
Collapse of Bolu Tunnel
Chi-Chi earthquake, Taiwan, M=7.6, 21-09-1999
GEORGE BOUCKOVALAS, National Technical University of Athens, Greece, 2013 1.9
(a) photo of Chi-Shue Tunnel before Chi-Chi Earthquake; (b) photo of Chi-Shue Tunnel after Chi-Chi Earthquake; (c) slope failure induced tunnel collapse at Sta. 45k+573 of Highway No. 8; (d) sketch of damage pattern.
(from Wang et al. 2001)
SLOP
E FA
ILUR
E
GEORGE BOUCKOVALAS, National Technical University of Athens, Greece, 2013 1.10
Longitudinal cracks from “ovalization” of Yuluh tunnel section,Chi-Chi 1999 earthquake (Schiff and Tang eds, 2000)
S-wave
GEORGE BOUCKOVALAS, National Technical University of Athens, Greece, 2013 1.11
•100 buildings • 143 • 2,000 • 100,000 collapsed casualties injured homeless
Athens-Greece, M=5.9, 12-09-1999
~40 m
GEORGE BOUCKOVALAS, National Technical University of Athens, Greece, 2013 1.12
Moderate damage
Slight or no damage
Severe damageor collapse
N
S
N
S
STIFF SOIL AMPLIFICATION at Ano Liosia municipality
0
25
50
75
100
(%)
of
bu
ildin
gs
BoreholeCHT2
DH5
80
60
40
20
0
DE
PT
H (
m)
Vs (m/sec)
_ Vs,30 =697 m/sec
360 7600 1300
_ Vs,30 =613
_ Vs,30 =545 _
Vs,30 =500
_ Vs,30 =496
N S
0 1300 0 1300 0 1300 0 1300
Cross-section N-S
Conglomerates Clayey MarlGEORGE BOUCKOVALAS, National Technical University of Athens, Greece, 2013 1.13
Bhuj- IndiaM=7.926-1-2001
GEORGE BOUCKOVALAS, National Technical University of Athens, Greece, 2013 1.14
GEORGE BOUCKOVALAS, National Technical University of Athens, Greece, 2013 1.15
AlaskaM=7.93-11-2002
Colima-MexicoM=7.621-01-2003
GEORGE BOUCKOVALAS, National Technical University of Athens, Greece, 2013 1.16
τυπικές βλάβες...
~9cmστροφή
2%
Lefkas, Μ=6.4, 14-8-2003
rotationrotation
~25cm12cm
Lefkas, Μ=6.4, 14-8-2003GEORGE BOUCKOVALAS, National Technical University of Athens, Greece, 2013 1.17
ρευστοποίηση !Liquefaction !
Earthquake of
Bam – IranM=6.626-12-2003
…….. 30,000 casualties
GEORGE BOUCKOVALAS, National Technical University of Athens, Greece, 2013 1.18
GEORGE BOUCKOVALAS, National Technical University of Athens, Greece, 2013 1.19
Bam – Iran, Μ=6.6, 26-12-2003GEORGE BOUCKOVALAS, National Technical University of Athens, Greece, 2013 1.20
U2(t)
U0(t)
U1(t)
Topographyaggravation
Slopefailure
Foundation & structural failure
Soil amplif.
Damage to underground
structures
retaining wallfailure
liquefaction
Symmary of seismic hazards . .
13 Lectures on GEOTECHNICAL EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING
0 0.4 0.8 1.2 1.6 2Tstr (s)
0
0.4
0.8
1.2
1.6
2
Sa
(g)
LONG
TRANS
aground
astruct.
1 DOF RESPONSE DUE TO BASE EXCITATION
ELASTIC RESPONSESPECTRA
GEORGE BOUCKOVALAS, National Technical University of Athens, Greece, 2013 1.21
Body (P, S)& Surface (R, L)Waves
Rayleigh Pα
Seismic design of underground tunnels and pipelines
13 Lectures on GEOTECHNICAL EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING
Example: Mexico 1985 earthquake
geology Soil thickness Typical recordings onSOIL & BEDROCK
Seismic Ground response – «Soil Amplification»
13 Lectures on GEOTECHNICAL EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING
GEORGE BOUCKOVALAS, National Technical University of Athens, Greece, 2013 1.22
Αναλυτικές λύσειςΙσοδύναμες γραμμικές αριθμητικές αναλύσειςΜη-γραμμικές αριθμητικές αναλύσειςΕφαρμογή του λογισμικού SHAKE κλπ.
13 Lectures on GEOTECHNICAL EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING
Seismic Ground response – «Soil Amplification»
Liquefaction
Prediction
Settlements
Lateral spreading
Ground improvement
etc.
13 Lectures on GEOTECHNICAL EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING
GEORGE BOUCKOVALAS, National Technical University of Athens, Greece, 2013 1.23
όψηπρανούς
επιφάνειααστοχίας
a(t)
(a/g)W
W
Seismic slope failure Pseudo static analysis
13 Lectures on GEOTECHNICAL EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING
Sliding Mass
Failure surface
Sliding plane
Sliding block
(a) (b)
Seismic slope failureDisplacement computationwith the “sliding block”method
13 Lectures on GEOTECHNICAL EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING
GEORGE BOUCKOVALAS, National Technical University of Athens, Greece, 2013 1.24
Seismic design of retaining walls
Dynamic earth pressuresΜononobe-Okabe
Hydrodynamic pressuresWestergard
Displacements with the “sliding block” method
13 Lectures on GEOTECHNICAL EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING
BIBLIOGRAPHY
CLASS NOTES
+www.georgebouckovalas.com
+1. ANIL CHOPRA: Dynamics of Structures (theory and
application to earthquake engineering), Prentice Hall, ISBN 0-13-855214-2.
2. STEVEN KRAMER: Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering, Prentice Hall, ISBN 0-13-374943-6
3. ΓΙΩΡΓΟΣ ΓΚΑΖΕΤΑΣ: Σημειώσεις Εδαφοδυναμικής, Διδακτικές σημειώσεις Ε.Μ.Π.GEORGE BOUCKOVALAS, National Technical University of Athens, Greece, 2013 1.25
GEORGE BOUCKOVALAS, National Technical University of Athens, Greece, 2013 1.26