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Grammar for Interactions 130

IECP, Nikki Mattson, Spring 2016

+Collect pg. 34 Revision and Labeling

+Agenda

Hedging introduction Hedging activity Grammar Test 2 Review

+What is hedging and why is it important? Studying leads to good grades.

Compared to…

Reviewing lecture notes for at least one hour each evening seems to have a positive effect on student grades in university.

+Hedging

This is used in academic talk to make claims/arguments stronger or weaker.

What are some counter arguments for the following sentence?

Studying leads to good grades.

What about this one? Reviewing lecture notes for at least one hour each evening

seems to have a positive effect on student grades in university.

+Let’s look at some examples

1. Word-of-mouth advertising influences a consumers incentive to purchase a product.

2. Word-of-mouth advertising can influence a consumers incentive to purchase a product.

3. Word-of-mouth advertising could influence a consumers incentive to purchase a product.

4. Word-of-mouth advertising may influence a consumers incentive to purchase a product.

5. Word-of-mouth advertising might influence a consumers incentive to purchase a product.

+Try it Out

Does studying influence student grades?

1. Yes, studying influences student grades. 2. can influence 3. could influence 4. may influence 5. might influence

+What other ways could you modify this sentence to make it sound more academic? Studying influences student grades.

Hints: 1) make it more specific 2) add a hedge

+Some More Examples

It is clear that It is rather clear that It is very probable that It is probable that It is possible that It is unlikely that

+Try It Out!

Does studying influence student grades?

It is clear that studying influences student grades. It is rather clear that It is very probable that It is probable that It is possible that It is unlikely that

+One more group of hedges

1. There is a definite possibility that

2. There is a strong possibility that

3. There is a good possibility that

4. There is a slight possibility that

5. There is little possibility that

+Try It Out!

Does studying influence student grades?

1. There is a definite possibility that studying influences student grades.

2. There is a strong possibility that

3. There is a good possibility that

4. There is a slight possibility that

5. There is little possibility that

+Activity

+Task 3 – Hedge the following sentences

(add hedges and make the claims more specific)1. Tall people have higher incomes than short people.

2. Alcohol causes brain damage in teenagers.

3. Passive smoking causes cancer.

4. Physical exercise prevents depression.

5. Private schools are better than public schools in terms of quality of education.

+Test 2 Review

Reporting Verbs Simple Past vs. Past Continuous Adjective Clauses Noun Clauses Pathways 2 Collocations

+Verb Tense Review

Before my soccer game last Sunday, I (put) ________________ my car keys in my pocket.

While I (play) ______________________________ soccer, my keys (fall) ______________________________ out of my pocket.

After the game I (want) ______________________________ to drive.

+Verb Tense Review

Oscar arrived at 10:00. Francisco and Tony (play) ______________________________ cards when Oscar (arrive) ______________________________.

+Verb Tense Review

Heidi started to clean her apartment at 11:00 yesterday morning. She stopped at 12:00.

Abby came at 11:30. Heidi (clean) ______________________________ her apartment when

Abby (come) ______________________________ at 11:30.

+Answer the question with an adjective clauseWhat is your father like? My father is a man who has

black hair and is very generous. ORI have a father who is intelligent.

1. What is your apartment like?

 

2. What is your best friend like?

 

3. What kind of shoes do you like?

 

+HW

Grammar Test 2 = Monday (130A), Tuesday (130B)