1.3: Covalent & Metallic Bonds Covalent Bonds –Form when atoms share 1 or more pairs of e- 2...
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Transcript of 1.3: Covalent & Metallic Bonds Covalent Bonds –Form when atoms share 1 or more pairs of e- 2...
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1.3: Covalent & Metallic BondsCovalent Bonds
–Form when atoms share 1 or more pairs of e-• 2 nonmetals don’t transfer e- to fill the outer most energy level
–Water, sugar, oxygen, wood–Low mp and bp; brittle as
solids–Formed by nonmetals
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1.3: Covalent & Metallic BondsMolecule
–Two or more atoms joined in a specific ratio
–The smallest piece of a substance that retains its properties
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1.3: Covalent & Metallic BondsRepresenting Molecules
–Models• Show all electrons and energy levels
–Electron Dot Diagrams• Show only the valence electrons (outer energy level)
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1.3: Covalent & Metallic Bonds
Electron Dot Diagram
O
C
Show only the valence e- for the atoms
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1.3: Covalent & Metallic Bonds
Molecules–The smallest particle into
which a covalently bonded compound can be divided & still be the same compound
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1.3: Covalent & Metallic Bonds
Diatomic Molecules–The simplest molecules
–Made from 2 atoms of the same elements
–H2,O2, N2, Cl2, F2, Br2, & I2
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1.3: Covalent & Metallic Bonds
Complex (Macro) Molecules–Carbon is the base element in
many complex compounds
–Soap, plastic, proteins made from many atoms sharing e-
–“Organic Chemistry”• C, H, O compounds
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1.3: Covalent & Metallic BondsMetallic Bonds
–Formed by the attraction between positively charged metal ions and the e- in the metal
–Outermost energy levels overlap
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1.3: Covalent & Metallic Bonds
Metallic Bonds (cont)–Positive metal ions are fixed
–Electrons are free to move around the cations
–A “sea of electrons” where the electrons are shared with all metal cations
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1.3: Covalent & Metallic Bonds
Properties of Metals–Conductivity
• Copper, gold, silver, etc. allow electrons to move freely
–Malleable• Can be hammered into sheets
–Ductile• Can be drawn into thin wire
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1.3: Covalent & Metallic Bonds
Bend, but not Break–Metallic bonds occur in many
directions
–Numerous electrons in the metal hold the cations together, thus keeping the bond intact
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Naming Covalent Compounds (2.2 in text)
Formulas for Covalent Compounds– A covalent compound is made of 2 or more
nonmetals– Prefixes are used to indicate the number of
atoms of each element in the chemical formula• N2O….dinitrogen monoxide
• N2H4….dinitrogen tetrahydride
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Naming Covalent Compounds (2.2 in text)
Prefixes you must know
mono- 1 hexa- 6
di- 2 hepta- 7
tri- 3 octa- 8
tetra- 4 nona- 9
penta- 5 deca- 10
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Naming Covalent Compounds (2.2 in text)
Formulas for Covalent Compounds– If the there is only 1 atom of the first
nonmetal in a covalent compound, we do not usually use the prefix “mono”
– CO2 ….carbon dioxide
– SO3 ….sulfur trioxide