MVS VAS overview Julia Makhlina, October, 2009 The MVS Group.
12th U.S./North American MVS, Reno, Nevada, June 9-11, 2008 Effects of Sintered Metal Diesel...
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Transcript of 12th U.S./North American MVS, Reno, Nevada, June 9-11, 2008 Effects of Sintered Metal Diesel...
12th U.S./North American MVS, Reno, Nevada, June 9-11, 2008
Effects of Sintered Metal Diesel Particulate Filter System on Diesel Aerosols and Nitric Oxides in
Mine Air
By Aleksandar Bugarski, George H. Schnakenberg, & Emanuele Cauda
2
Introduction
Diesel particulate matter (DPM) and generally nanometer and ultra fine aerosols are shown to have acute and chronic health effects:
DPM declared by NIOSH [1988] as a “potential” carcinogen; Long-term exposure to combustion-related fine particulate air
pollution is an important environmental risk factor for cardiopulmonary and lung cancer mortality [Pope et al. 2002].
MSHA regulations (2001): 30 CFR Part 57.5060 - Diesel Particulate Matter Exposure of
Underground Metal and Nonmetal Miners; 30 CFR Part 72 - Diesel Particulate Matter Exposure of Underground
Coal Miners.
Industry is working on identifying technically and economically feasible control technologies to reduce exposure of underground miners and other workers to diesel particulate matter (DPM) and gases.
3
Introduction
NIOSH is assisting industry and MSHA by conducting research related to establishing potential of various control technologies and strategies to control exposure of underground miners to nano and ultrafine aerosols and regulated and unregulated gases emitted by diesel engines and by facilitating the application of current and evolving diesel emission control technologies into underground mines: diesel particulate filter (DPF) systems, filtration systems with high temperature disposable
filter elements (DFEs), diesel catalytic converters (DOCs), biodiesel …
4
Diesel Emissions
Diesel particulate matter is complex mixture of nano and ultrafine aerosols present in liquid and solid phase.
Regulated gases: CO, CO2, NO, and NO2
Unregulated gases: PAH…
5
Methodology
Characterization of DPM in occupational setting: NIOSH Mobile Engine Emissions Laboratory (MEEL) at Lake
Lynn Laboratory (LLL) Avoid laboratory uncertainties introduced with various
simulations of processes Bridge gap between inherently inaccurate field and
unrealistic laboratory experiments
LLL offers unique environment for field testing with laboratory accuracy.
13
Diesel Particulate FiltersSintered Metal Filters
Electro conductive High porosity Low back pressure Withstands high
temperatures Heats up fast (low
thermal mass)
15
High-Temperature Disposable Filter Elements (DFE) Integrated in the Filtration System with Dry Heat Exchanger
DFE in the canister
17
Test Modes
Mode Description
Engine Speed
Torque Power
rpm Nm kW
R50Rated speed
50% load2950 55.6 17.2
R100Rated speed
100% load2950 111.2 34.3
I50Intermediate speed
50% load2100 69.1 14.9
I100Intermediate speed
100% load2100 136.9 30.6
18
Results
Effects of the system on size distribution of diesel aerosols in mine air
Effects of the system on total aerosol number and mass concentrations
Effects of the system on NOx concentrations
19
Size Distributions Measured with SMPSs at Downstream and Upstream Stations During Sintered Metal DPF System
Evaluation
1.00E+01
1.00E+02
1.00E+03
1.00E+04
1.00E+05
1.00E+06
1.00E+07
10 100 1000
D_p [nm]
dN
/dlo
g(D
_p)
[#/c
m^
3]
Muffler R50
Muffler R100
Muffler I50
Muffler I100
M-H R50 1
M-H R50 2
M-H R100
M-H I50
M-H I100
BCG M-H R50 1
BCG M-H R50 2
BCG M-H R100
BCG M-H I50
BCG M-H I100
BCG Muffler R50
BCG Muffler R100
BCG Muffler I50
BCG Muffler I100
20
Size Distributions Measured with SMPSs at Downstream and Upstream Stations During Sintered Metal DPF System
Evaluation
0.00E+00
5.00E+05
1.00E+06
1.50E+06
2.00E+06
2.50E+06
3.00E+06
10 100 1000
D_p [nm]
dN
/dlo
g(D
_p)
[#/c
m^
3]
Muffler R50
Muffler R100
Muffler I50
Muffler I100
M-H R50 1
M-H R50 2
M-H R100
M-H I50
M-H I100
BCG M-H R50 1
BCG M-H R50 2
BCG M-H R100
BCG M-H I50
BCG M-H I100
BCG Muffler R50
BCG Muffler R100
BCG Muffler I50
BCG Muffler I100
21
Size Distributions Measured with SMPSs at Upstream Stations During Sintered Metal DPF
System Tests
0.00E+00
5.00E+03
1.00E+04
1.50E+04
2.00E+04
10 100 1000
D_p [nm]
dN
/dlo
g(D
_p)
[#/c
m^
3]
R50
R100
I50
I100
Background
22
Size Distributions Measured with SMPSs at Downstream Stations
1.00E+01
1.00E+02
1.00E+03
1.00E+04
1.00E+05
1.00E+06
1.00E+07
10 100 1000
D_p [nm]
dN
/dlo
g(D
_p)
[#/c
m^
3]
Muffler R50
Muffler R100
Muffler I50
Muffler I100
M-H R50 1
M-H R50 2
M-H R100
M-H I50
M-H I100
26
Size Distribution of Aerosols Measured at Downstream Station: R50
1.00E+02
1.00E+03
1.00E+04
1.00E+05
1.00E+06
1.00E+07
1 10 100 1000
D_p [nm]
dN
/dlo
g(D
_p)
[#/c
m^
3]
Muffler
DOC
Cordierite DPF
SiC DPF
Sintered Metal DPF
DFE #1
LDFE #1
DFE #2
R50
27
Size Distribution of Aerosols Measured at Downstream Station: I50
1.00E+02
1.00E+03
1.00E+04
1.00E+05
1.00E+06
1.00E+07
1 10 100 1000
D_p [nm]
dN
/dlo
g(D
_p)
[#/c
m^
3]
Muffler
DOC
Cordierite DPF
SiC DPF
Sintered Metal DPF
DFE #1
LDFE #1
DFE #2
I50
28
Size Distribution of Aerosols Measured at Downstream Station: R100
1.00E+02
1.00E+03
1.00E+04
1.00E+05
1.00E+06
1.00E+07
1 10 100 1000
D_p [nm]
dN
/dlo
g(D
_p)
[#/c
m^
3]
Muffler
DOC
Cordierite DPF
SiC DPF
Sintered Metal DPF
DFE #1
LDFE #1
DFE #2
R100
29
Size Distribution of Aerosols at Downstream Station: I100
1.00E+02
1.00E+03
1.00E+04
1.00E+05
1.00E+06
1.00E+07
1 10 100 1000
D_p [nm]
dN
/dlo
g(D
_p)
[#/c
m^
3]
Muffler
DOC
Cordierite DPF
SiC DPF
Sintered Metal DPF
DFE #1
LDFE #1
DFE #2
I100
30
Results Indicate Strong Relationship between Size Distributions and Exhaust Temperatures
Mode
DPFs, DOC, Muffler DFEs
Exhaust Temperature
at Inlet of Device
Temperature at Outlet from
Device
Exhaust Temperature
at Inlet of Device
Temperature at Outlet from
Device
ºC ºC ºC ºC
R50 306 258 200 154
R100 529 436 329 242
I50 254 216 160 125
I100 485 402 313 234
31
Size Distribution of Aerosols at Downstream Station: R50
1.00E+02
1.00E+03
1.00E+04
1.00E+05
1.00E+06
1.00E+07
1 10 100 1000
D_p [nm]
dN
/dlo
g(D
_p)
[#/c
m^
3]
Muffler
DOC
Cordierite DPF
SiC DPF
Sintered Metal DPF
DFE #1
LDFE #1
DFE #2
R50
32
Size Distribution of Aerosols at Downstream Station: I50
1.00E+02
1.00E+03
1.00E+04
1.00E+05
1.00E+06
1.00E+07
1 10 100 1000
D_p [nm]
dN
/dlo
g(D
_p)
[#/c
m^
3]
Muffler
DOC
Cordierite DPF
SiC DPF
Sintered Metal DPF
DFE #1
LDFE #1
DFE #2
I50
33
Size Distribution of Aerosols at Downstream Station: R100
1.00E+02
1.00E+03
1.00E+04
1.00E+05
1.00E+06
1.00E+07
1 10 100 1000
D_p [nm]
dN
/dlo
g(D
_p)
[#/c
m^
3]
Muffler
DOC
Cordierite DPF
SiC DPF
Sintered Metal DPF
DFE #1
LDFE #1
DFE #2
R100
34
Size Distribution of Aerosols at Downstream Station: I100
1.00E+02
1.00E+03
1.00E+04
1.00E+05
1.00E+06
1.00E+07
1 10 100 1000
D_p [nm]
dN
/dlo
g(D
_p)
[#/c
m^
3]
Muffler
DOC
Cordierite DPF
SiC DPF
Sintered Metal DPF
DFE #1
LDFE #1
DFE #2
I100
35
Effects of Control Technologies on Total Aerosol Number and Mass Concentrations:
R50
-20
0
20
40
60
80
100
Engine Operating Mode
To
tal C
on
cen
trat
ion
Ch
ang
e [%
]
SMPS 8.6 81.3 20.6 95.4 99.6 97.8 96.3
ELPI -19.9 74.1 12.9 90.0 96.6 94.2 91.7
TEOM 34.93 97.31 90.19 91.52 88.38 99.38 80.36
Cordierite DOC
Cordierite DPF
SiC DPFSintered
Metal DPFDFE #1 LDFE DFE #2
R50
36
Effects of Control Technologies on Total Aerosol Number and Mass Concentrations:
I50
-40
-20
0
20
40
60
80
100
Engine Operating Mode
To
tal C
on
cen
trat
ion
Ch
ang
e [%
]
SMPS 8.2 88.5 94.6 94.5 93.3 98.3 99.2
ELPI -13.3 86.1 93.8 90.8 84.0 95.6 98.5
TEOM -31.15 87.20 91.67 97.11 97.75 100.00
Cordierite DOC
Cordierite DPF
SiC DPFSintered
Metal DPFDFE #1 LDFE DFE #2
I50
37
Effects of Control Technologies on Total Aerosol Number and Mass Concentrations:
R100
-20
0
20
40
60
80
100
Engine Operating Mode
To
tal C
on
cen
trat
ion
Ch
ang
e [%
]
SMPS 9.3 95.3 62.2 -16.7 75.0 65.6 68.8
ELPI 33.4 95.2 77.1 19.5 69.8 56.3 61.9
TEOM 11.7 97.4 97.8 96.6 98.4 95.1 100.0
Cordierite DOC
Cordierite DPF
SiC DPFSintered
Metal DPFDFE #1 LDFE DFE #2
R100
38
Effects of Control Technologies on Total Aerosol Number and Mass Concentrations:
I100
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Engine Operating Mode
To
tal C
on
cen
trat
ion
Ch
ang
e [%
]
SMPS 21.6 94.0 83.3 58.6 76.6 96.1 94.0
ELPI 43.2 96.3 92.3 86.0 81.4 95.8 94.8
TEOM 41.7 99.5 99.0 99.7 99.2 98.9 99.4
Cordierite DOC
Cordierite DPF
SiC DPFSintered
Metal DPFDFE #1 LDFE DFE #2
I100
39
Conclusion
The effects of the SM DPF system on number and mass concentrations were found to be engine operating mode dependent.
A 10-fold reductions in total mass concentrations as measured by TEOM were observed for the two low-power R50 and I50 modes.
The corresponding reductions were more than 20-fold at R100 and then more than 100-fold for I100 conditions.
In the R50 and I50 mode cases total mass reductions were accompanied with approximately 20-fold reductions in total number concentrations.
I the cases of R100 and R100 high concentrations of nucleation particles resulted in significantly lower reductions or even an increase in total particle number.
40
Conclusion
The SM DPF system and muffler were found to have comparable effects on NOx concentrations for all four modes.
The percentages of NO2 in total NOX are found to be strongly dependent on engine operation mode / exhaust temperature.
The system consistently produced lower NO2 fractions them muffler for all four modes.
41
The findings and conclusion of this publication have not been formally disseminated by the National Institute for Occupational
Safety and Health and should not be constituted to represent any agency determination or policy.
Mention of any company or product does not constitute endorsement by NIOSH.
Thank you for your attention!!!