12.Quality 2
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Transcript of 12.Quality 2
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Important Constituents and their Sources Colour Natural, Domestic and Industrial Wastes Odour Natural, Domestic and Industrial Wastes Temperature Doemstic and Industrial Solids Domestic, Industrial, Natural, Soil Erosion, Inflow and Infiltration
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Important Constituents and their Sources (Contd.)Organic matter Domestic, Industrial, Agriculture, CommercialAlkalinity Domestic, Industrial, InfiltrationChlorides - Domestic, Industrial, Infiltration, SofteningHeavy Metals - Industrial
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Important Constituents and their Sources (Contd.)Nitrogen Industrial, AgriculturepH IndustrialPhosphorous Industrial, DomesticSulphur - Domestic, Industrial, Agriculture,InfiltrationSulphides IndustrialMethane Natural, Domestic
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Important Constituents and their Sources (Contd.)Animals Treatment Plants, NaturalPlants - Treatment Plants, NaturalProtista - Treatment Plants, Natural, DomesticViruses - Domestic
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CHARACTERISTICSColour Fresh water colourless Sewage Fresh Grey Like soap SolutionOld BlackIndustrial Depending on the Industry
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CHARACTERISTICSOdourFresh Sewage Musty Not OffensiveOld OffensiveWater No Odour
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CHARACTERISTICSTemperatureWater Pleasant 10 20 degree CentigradesSewage Slightly higher than waterWarm 20 to 25 degree CentigradesIncreases metabolism of organismsaffects viscosity tends to settleDecreases solubilityHelps growth of aquatic plants
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CHARACTERISTICSTurbidity and SolidsDepends on strength of sewageSolids 0.1 % solids and 99.9 % water
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CHARACTERISTICSpHFresh water depends on source Fresh Sewage alkaline becomes acidic with time alkaline again when relatively stable
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CHARACTERISTICSChloridesIndicator of ContaminationHuman waste 6 8 gm/person/dayIndustries like Ice plants, fishing, water softeners reduce ChloridesInterferes in oxygen transfer capacityNot affected by bacteriaAffects uptake by plants
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CHARACTERISTICSNitrogenNitrites methemeglobinemiaSewage Nutrient valueIndicates age of sludge
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CHARACTERISTICSIron and ManganeseColour to waterDepends on sourceInduces bacterial reductionCorrosion of pipes
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CHARACTERISTICSAlkalinity
OH-, HCO-3, CO-3
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CHARACTERISTICSHardness
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CHARACTERISTICSHardness (Contd)
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Impacts
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CHARACTERISTICSSurfactantsPrimarily from synthetic detergents Induces foamingAlkyl benzene sulfonate (ABS) normally used in synthetic detergents non biodegradable
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CHARACTERISTICSFats, Grease and OilInterferes in treatmentReduces Oxygen transferClogs treatment unitsForms ugly scums
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CHARACTERISTICSPhenolsCauses OdourNon-biodegradable ( if >5000 mg/L)Toxic
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CHARACTERISTICSToxic CompoundsCations : Copper, Lead, Silver, Chromium, Arsenic, BoronResults in malfunctioning of Treatment plantsAnions: Cyanides, Chromates
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CHARACTERISTICSOrganic MatterHighly putrescibleDemands Oxygen for stabilizationStable forms Carbon di-oxide and waterDegrades anaerobically or aerobically